Background
With the continuous improvement of the overall level of industrial manufacturing technology, the quality requirements of industrial systems on key parts are rigorous day by day, and the modern machining is developed in the directions of high quality, high efficiency, high product consistency and the like. The abrasive belt grinding is used as an elastic grinding technology with cold-state processing characteristics, the surface of a workpiece is not easy to burn after grinding, and meanwhile, the abrasive belt grinding has double functions of grinding and polishing, so that better processing quality can be obtained, and the abrasive belt grinding is commonly used for precise and ultra-precise processing of complex curved surface parts. At present, the traditional manual grinding and polishing operation mode is gradually replaced by the numerical control abrasive belt grinding technology, and an abrasive belt grinding machine tool is developed into precision machining equipment which is high in machining efficiency, strong in adaptability, wide in application range and safe and convenient to operate, and is successfully applied to the field of precision grinding and polishing machining of complex curved surface parts such as aeroengine blade discs/blades, nuclear turbine blades, ship propellers and the like.
Because the allowance of each processing point position on the complex curved surface part is different, the processing precision of the molded surface is difficult to meet the requirement when the traditional rigid grinding tool is adopted for processing because the surface contact force is too large or too small. Based on this current situation, the machining field proposes a concept of compliance control. At present, the compliance control method is mainly divided into active compliance and passive compliance. In the abrasive belt grinding, the floating grinding head is mainly adopted for passive compliance, the grinding head can change the normal distance with the machined surface of a part due to different machining allowances, the method has the advantages of easy control, low cost and the like, meanwhile, the precision of the tail end position of the mechanism can be reduced, and the passive compliance is realized by adopting elements such as springs, damping and the like, and the abrasive belt grinding device does not have control capability, so that the abrasive belt grinding device has certain limitation. The active compliance is gradually becoming the main compliance control mode of abrasive belt grinding equipment because the active compliance can realize real-time tracking of expected force and expected position and well improve the surface processing precision of parts. However, the active compliance has the defects of higher cost, unstable control system and the like.
In the face of a complex and changeable processing environment of key parts in the engineering field, if a single compliance control method is adopted, energy loss can be caused, and even the processing precision of the surfaces of the parts can be influenced. For example, the part polishing process adopts passive compliance, and the grinding head can move along with the fluctuation of the surface of the workpiece, so that the grinding head has better tracking performance, and meanwhile, the surface of the part can be prevented from being damaged. When the grinding head is used for processing the blade, if active compliance control is adopted, the collision contact time is extremely short, and the force response speed is not enough to enable the tail end grinding head to change the position quickly, so that the surface impact damage of the blade is easily caused, and the surface integrity of the whole blade is influenced.
Therefore, how to provide a belt grinding device with active and passive compliance mechanism switching combined with active compliance and passive compliance is a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an abrasive belt grinding device with an active compliant mechanism and a passive compliant mechanism switched, which is provided with the active compliant mechanism and the passive compliant mechanism, and realizes active compliant control by fixing the active compliant mechanism and a grinding head component through a locking mechanism.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an abrasive belt grinding device with switching of an active compliant mechanism and a passive compliant mechanism, which comprises a grinding head assembly and a mounting seat used for mounting the grinding head assembly, wherein the mounting seat is provided with the active compliant mechanism capable of moving along the axial direction to adjust the pressure between a grinding head and a workpiece, the passive compliant mechanism is arranged between the active compliant mechanism and the grinding head assembly so that the active compliant mechanism and the grinding head assembly can be movably connected, and the abrasive belt grinding device also comprises a locking mechanism used for fixing the active compliant mechanism and the grinding head assembly.
Preferably, the driving compliant mechanism comprises a driving compliant motor fixedly connected with the mounting seat, a first lead screw driven by the driving compliant motor through a synchronous toothed belt, and a lifting assembly in threaded connection with the first lead screw, the lower end of the lifting assembly is connected with the driven compliant mechanism, and a first limiting clamp used for circumferentially limiting the lifting assembly is arranged in the mounting seat.
Preferably, the lifting assembly comprises a screw outer cylinder and an upper end cover positioned at the upper end of the screw outer cylinder, and the upper end cover is provided with a threaded hole matched with the first screw in a threaded manner.
Preferably, the outer screw barrel is provided with an installation cavity for installing the locking mechanism and a through hole which extends along the axial direction and is communicated with the installation cavity, and the locking mechanism comprises a telescopic mechanism which is arranged in the installation cavity and extends along the through hole and a fixing mechanism which is connected with the grinding head assembly and is used for being fixed with the telescopic mechanism.
Preferably, the fixing mechanism comprises a connecting clamp connected with the grinding head assembly, an insertion groove for inserting the telescopic mechanism is formed in the connecting clamp, and locking assemblies for clamping and matching with limiting notches in the telescopic mechanism are arranged on two sides of the insertion groove.
Preferably, telescopic machanism includes screw motor and second lead screw, screw motor is fixed in the mounting hole, the second lead screw passes through the through-hole, and lower extreme and a lift section of thick bamboo threaded connection, be equipped with in the mount pad and be used for right a lift section of thick bamboo carries out the spacing second of circumference spacing card, spacing breach is located the both sides of a lift section of thick bamboo.
Preferably, the bottom of the insertion groove is provided with a limit switch connected with a controller of the active compliant motor.
Preferably, the upper part of the lifting cylinder is provided with a threaded blind hole matched with the second lead screw.
Preferably, the lower end of the mounting seat is provided with a through hole which penetrates through the mounting seat along the axial direction, the grinding head assembly comprises a spline sleeve which penetrates through the through hole and is connected with the passive compliant assembly, and a cylinder is arranged between the through hole and the spline sleeve.
Preferably, the passive compliant mechanism is a tension spring.
The invention provides an abrasive belt grinding device with switched active and passive compliant mechanisms, which comprises a grinding head assembly and a mounting seat for mounting the grinding head assembly, wherein the mounting seat is provided with an active compliant mechanism capable of moving along an axial direction to adjust the pressure between a grinding head and a workpiece, the passive compliant mechanism is arranged between the active compliant mechanism and the grinding head assembly so that the active compliant mechanism is movably connected with the grinding head assembly, and the abrasive belt grinding device also comprises a locking mechanism for fixing the active compliant mechanism and the grinding head assembly.
The passive compliance mechanism is positioned between the active compliance mechanism and the grinding head assembly, and the abrasive belt grinding device switched by the active compliance mechanism and the passive compliance mechanism performs passive compliance in the working process. Meanwhile, the abrasive belt grinding device with the switching of the active and passive compliance mechanisms is also provided with a locking mechanism, and when active compliance is needed, the active compliance mechanism and the grinding head assembly are fixed by the locking mechanism, so that the grinding head assembly is controlled by the active compliance mechanism, and switching between passive compliance and active compliance is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a belt sander with active and passive compliance mechanism switching provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a belt sander with active and passive compliance mechanism switching provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a motor mounting plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an active compliant mechanism;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the lock mechanism.
The device comprises a contact wheel 1, a transition wheel 2, a floating plate frame 3, a spline sleeve 4, a connecting clamp 5, a limit switch 6, a locking assembly 7, a tension spring 8, a screw outer cylinder 9, a screw motor 10, a lifting cylinder 11, an upper end cover 12, a first screw 13, a driven gear 14, a driving gear 15, a motor mounting plate 16, a synchronous toothed belt 17, a driving compliant motor 18, a mounting seat 19, a cylinder 20, a radial roller bearing 21, a first limit clamp 22 and a second limit clamp 23.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a belt sander with active and passive compliance mechanism switching provided by the present invention; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a belt sander with active and passive compliance mechanism switching provided by the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a motor mounting plate; FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an active compliant mechanism; fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the lock mechanism.
The abrasive belt grinding device with the switching of the active and passive compliant mechanisms can be applied to scenes such as a numerical control abrasive belt grinding machine or an industrial robot. As shown in fig. 1, the abrasive belt grinding device with active and passive compliance mechanism switching comprises a grinding head assembly, a mounting seat 19, an active compliance mechanism, a passive compliance mechanism and a locking mechanism. The mounting seat 19 is used for mounting a grinding head assembly, specifically, the grinding head assembly comprises a floating plate frame 3, a contact wheel 1 and a transition wheel 2, and the contact wheel 1 is mounted at the lower end of the floating plate frame 3 and used for supporting an abrasive belt to be in contact with a part. The transition wheel 2 is arranged on the floating plate frame 3 and is used for supporting the abrasive belt, so that the abrasive belt can bypass the contact wheel 1. The central vertical surfaces of the contact wheel 1 and the transition wheel 2 are both positioned in the same plane, the contact wheel 1 and the transition wheel 2 are fixed on the floating plate frame 3 through the hexagon bolts, and the floating plate frame 3 can drive the contact wheel 1 and the transition wheel 2 to float up and down. The floating plate frame 3 is fixed on the spline housing 4 through a set screw, so that the floating plate frame 3 is convenient to assemble and disassemble.
The mounting seat 19 is cylindrical, and a cavity for accommodating the active compliant mechanism, the passive compliant mechanism and the locking mechanism is formed in the mounting seat. The lower end of the mounting seat 19 is provided with a through hole which penetrates along the axial direction, and the spline housing 4 penetrates through the through hole to be connected with the passive compliant assembly. The lower end of the active compliant mechanism is connected with the passive compliant mechanism, the lower end of the passive compliant mechanism is connected with the grinding head assembly, and under a common working condition, the abrasive belt grinding device switched by the active compliant mechanism and the passive compliant mechanism is in a passive compliant state. Specifically, the structure of the active compliant mechanism can refer to the prior art, the passive compliant mechanism can be embodied as a tension spring 8, a damper, and the like, and the tension spring 8 is adopted as the passive compliant mechanism in fig. 1. The locking mechanism is also positioned between the active compliant mechanism and the grinding head assembly, and can refer to a locking structure fixed through an electromagnet in the prior art, and can fix the active compliant mechanism and the grinding head assembly, so that the grinding head assembly moves under the driving of the active compliant mechanism to realize active compliance.
Optionally, in order to limit the spline housing 4 and avoid the radial displacement of the grinding head assembly, a cylinder 20 in clearance fit with the spline housing 4 is arranged between the via hole and the spline housing 4, so that the spline housing 4 can float up and down along the cylinder 20, and the cylinder 20 is fixed on the mounting base 19 by a set screw.
In this embodiment, the active compliant mechanism of the abrasive belt grinding apparatus switched by the active compliant mechanism is connected with the grinding head assembly through the passive compliant mechanism, and a passive compliant machining part is usually adopted. The abrasive belt grinding device with the active and passive compliance mechanism switched is also provided with a locking mechanism, and when active compliance control is needed, the locking mechanism can fix the active compliance mechanism and the grinding head assembly, so that switching from passive compliance to active compliance is realized.
Optionally, the active compliant mechanism includes an active compliant motor 18, a first lead screw 13, and a lifting assembly. The upper end of the mounting seat 19 is connected with the motor mounting plate 16 through an inner screw, as shown in fig. 3, the motor mounting plate 16 is provided with two mounting holes penetrating along the thickness direction, a crankshaft of the driving flexible motor 18 penetrates through one of the mounting holes and is connected with the driving gear 15, and the driving flexible motor 18 is fixedly connected with the motor mounting plate 16. The first lead screw 13 passes through the other mounting hole and is fixed in the mounting hole through a radial roller bearing 21, and the upper end of the first lead screw 13 is connected with the driven gear 14. The driving gear 15 and the driven gear 14 are driven by a synchronous toothed belt 17, so that the first lead screw 13 is driven by a driving compliant motor 18 to rotate. The radial roller bearing 21 can counteract the radial force caused by the synchronous cog belt 17, and prevent the lead screw from deflecting in the hole. The lifting assembly comprises a screw outer cylinder 9 and an upper end cover 12 positioned at the upper end of the screw outer cylinder 9, the central planes of the screw outer cylinder and the upper end cover are positioned on the same horizontal plane, the screw outer cylinder and the upper end cover are detachably connected in a bolt connection mode and the like, and the upper end cover 12 is threaded along the axis. The lower end of the first lead screw 13 penetrates through the threaded hole and is in threaded fit with the threaded hole. The first lead screw 13 rotates to exert axial separation action on the upper end cover 12, so that the lifting assembly is pushed to move up and down. The mounting seat 19 is provided with a first limiting clamp 22, as shown in fig. 2, the outer periphery of the outer screw barrel 9 is provided with a limiting strip extending along the axial direction, and the first limiting clamp 22 extends along the radial direction and abuts against the limiting strip, so that circumferential limiting of the lifting assembly is realized. Of course, the user can also set the outer shape of the lead screw outer cylinder 9 into a rectangular shape or the like, and the lead screw outer cylinder is matched with the first limit card 22 to realize circumferential limit.
When the abrasive belt grinding device switched by the active and passive compliance mechanisms carries out passive compliance, the tension spring 8 is used as a power source, and the tension spring 8 passively responds to the change of external allowance to be in a telescopic state or a stretching state along with the difference of part machining allowance. The grinding head component fixedly connected with the tension spring 8 floats up and down along with the tension spring. And the active compliance control means that the normal feeding of the grinding head assembly is directly controlled by the active compliance motor 18, the machining allowance of each point needs to be obtained in advance to determine the normal feeding amount of the grinding head at the point, and the normal vector of the point is determined. And then the normal displacement of the current grinding head is obtained through a vision sensor, the normal displacement (actual displacement) is compared with the theoretical displacement, a difference value is calculated, and then the number of turns of the active compliant motor 18 needing to be rotated is calculated through formula substitution, so that the real-time control of the grinding head is realized, and the purpose of active compliant control is achieved.
The lead screw outer barrel 9 is internally provided with an installation cavity and a through hole which extends along the axial direction and is communicated with the installation cavity, the diameter of the installation cavity is larger than that of the through hole, and a step surface is formed between the installation cavity and the through hole. The locking mechanism comprises a telescopic mechanism and a fixing mechanism, the telescopic mechanism is installed in the installation cavity and extends along the through hole, and the fixing mechanism is connected with the grinding head assembly. The telescopic mechanism is fixed with the locking mechanism after extending out, so that the active compliant mechanism and the grinding head assembly are locked; the telescopic mechanism is separated from the telescopic mechanism after retracting, so that the active compliant mechanism and the grinding head assembly are unlocked.
Optionally, the telescopic mechanism includes a screw motor 10 and a second screw, the screw motor 10 is fixed in the mounting hole through a fixing plate, and the second screw passes through the through hole. The upper end of the tension spring 8 is connected with the lower end of the screw outer cylinder 9, the second screw is coaxial with the tension spring 8, and the lower end of the second screw extends into the tension spring 8 and is connected with the lifting cylinder 11 through threads. In addition, a second limiting clamp 23 is arranged in the mounting seat 19, the second limiting clamp 23 is used for circumferentially limiting the lifting cylinder 11, and the first limiting clamp 22 can be referred to in a specific limiting mode, which is not described herein again. When the second lead screw rotates, the lifting cylinder 11 will move axially, and when it moves downwards, it is locked with the fixing mechanism, and when it moves upwards, it is separated from the fixing mechanism. Of course, the user can select the telescopic mechanisms such as the air cylinder or the electric telescopic rod according to the requirement.
Alternatively, the fixing mechanism includes a connection card 5, the connection card 5 is configured as shown in fig. 5, the connection card 5 is substantially Y-shaped, a socket is formed at an upper portion of the connection card 5, a tension spring 8 is connected to an upper portion of the connection card 5, and the elevating cylinder 11 is axially movable and inserted into the socket. The lower part of the connecting card 5 is cylindrical and is provided with a counter bore, and the spline housing 4 is connected with the lower part of the connecting card 5 through a hexagon bolt. Locking assemblies 7 are arranged on two sides of the insertion groove, limiting notches are arranged on two sides of the lifting cylinder 11, the locking assemblies 7 stretch into the limiting notches, and the lifting cylinder 11 is locked with the fixing mechanism. Specifically, the locking assembly 7 may include a locking block and a return spring between the locking block and the insertion groove, and the locking block is inserted into the limit notch under the urging of the return spring.
Furthermore, the bottom of the inserting groove is provided with a limit switch 6, and the limit switch 6 is connected with a controller of the active compliant motor 18. The controller can be specifically a PLC controller or an MCU micro control chip and the like. The lead screw motor 10 can also be connected with a controller, and the active compliance and the passive compliance are switched under the control of the controller.
When a user needs to switch the passive mode into the active mode, the PLC can be used for controlling the switching. According to initiative mode switch, PLC just controls lead screw motor 10's control panel, and then control lead screw motor 10 rotates, lead screw motor 10 turns to certain number of turns (preset), a lift section of thick bamboo 11 just can descend until touching limit switch 6 along with the rotation of second lead screw, limit switch 6's closure gives a signal for PLC this moment, the suggestion is now in initiative mode, servo motor switch-on controller and power, because reset spring's existence leads to a lift section of thick bamboo 11 and 8 lower extreme connection structure of extension spring to link firmly together, extension spring 8 loses the effect, this is changed into initiative compliance control by passive compliance control.
When a user needs to switch the active compliance to the passive compliance, the passive compliance switch is pressed, the switch generates a passive switching signal to the PLC, the PLC receives the passive switching signal and then generates an emergency stop signal to the active compliance motor 18, and at the moment, the servo motor stops working. Meanwhile, the PLC sends a starting signal to the lead screw motor 10 to start the lead screw motor 10 to rotate, so that the lifting cylinder 11 rises, and the limit switch 6 automatically resets. When the lead screw motor 10 rotates to a certain step number, an execution signal is fed back to the PLC, the PLC receives the execution signal and sends a stop signal to the lead screw motor 10, the lead screw motor 10 stops rotating, the tension spring 8 is enabled to work again, and active compliance control is converted into passive compliance control. The number of steps of rotation of the screw motor 10 may be preset according to the user's needs.
Furthermore, for being matched with the limit switch 6, the structure of the lifting cylinder 11 matched with the second lead screw is a threaded blind hole, the threaded blind hole is positioned on the upper part of the lifting cylinder 11, and the lower part of the lifting cylinder 11 is of a solid structure. And a threaded blind hole matched with the second lead screw is arranged.
In this embodiment, the rotation of the screw motor 10 drives the lifting cylinder 11 to lift, and the lifting cylinder 11 touches the limit switch 6 in the lifting process to realize the free switching of the active and passive compliance control, thereby eliminating the complex operation caused by the equipment change and loading and unloading required by the active and passive compliance control, and greatly improving the production efficiency.
It is noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity from another entity without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities.
The abrasive belt grinding device with the active and passive compliant mechanism switching provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.