CN110814338A - Preparation method of large hard alloy wear-resistant block with complex shape - Google Patents
Preparation method of large hard alloy wear-resistant block with complex shape Download PDFInfo
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- CN110814338A CN110814338A CN201911214090.3A CN201911214090A CN110814338A CN 110814338 A CN110814338 A CN 110814338A CN 201911214090 A CN201911214090 A CN 201911214090A CN 110814338 A CN110814338 A CN 110814338A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a large hard alloy wear-resistant block with a complex shape, which comprises the following steps: s1, performing powder pressing on the hard alloy mixture, and performing pressing forming to obtain a square preform; s2, carrying out first cold isostatic pressing on the square pre-blank to obtain a pressed blank; s3, machining the pressed blank to obtain a machined pressed blank; s4, carrying out secondary cold isostatic pressing on the processed green compact to obtain a processed green compact; and S5, performing pressure sintering on the processed pressed compact to obtain the large hard alloy wear-resistant block with the complex shape. The method can stably and reliably manufacture large-scale hard alloy products with complex shapes, and the manufactured large-scale hard alloy wear-resistant blocks with complex shapes have complex shapes, high dimensional accuracy and uniform density, obviously reduce the internal stress concentration of materials, and have good impact resistance and high wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy hard alloy, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a large hard alloy wear-resistant block with a complex shape.
Background
The hard alloy has high hardness and is widely applied to the wear-resistant field. The large hard alloy wear-resistant block with the complex shape is applied to key parts of large ore crushing equipment and is required to have good assembly precision, impact resistance, high wear resistance and high reliability. The manufacturing difficulty of the large hard alloy wear-resistant block with the complex shape is great. The traditional compression molding method of the hard alloy can not be used for manufacturing the complex shape, the pressed compact densities of different parts are seriously inconsistent, and deformation and cracks occur after sintering; the cold isostatic pressing forming mode is adopted, then the material is processed by a pressed compact machine, the material waste is large, the material removed by the pressed compact machine is as high as more than 60%, the micro-cracks and residual stress can be generated on the processing surface by the pressed compact machine, and the cracks are generated at the grooves or edges and corners after sintering.
Therefore, the method for searching and manufacturing the large-sized hard alloy wear-resistant block with the complex shape, the high dimensional precision, the uniform density, the obvious reduction of the internal stress concentration of the material, the good impact resistance and the high wear resistance is one of the key core technologies of the large-sized hard alloy with the complex shape and is the objective requirement of a key wear-resistant part of large-sized ore crushing equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a large-scale hard alloy wear-resistant block with a complex shape, the method combines the powder pressing, cold isostatic pressing, green compact machining and pressure sintering technologies, and the prepared large-scale hard alloy wear-resistant block has the advantages of complex shape, high size precision, uniform and consistent density, obvious reduction of the internal stress concentration of the material, good impact resistance and high wear resistance.
Therefore, the invention provides a preparation method of a large hard alloy wear-resistant block with a complex shape, which comprises the following steps:
s1, performing powder pressing on the hard alloy mixture, and performing pressing forming to obtain a square preform;
s2, carrying out first cold isostatic pressing on the square pre-blank to obtain a pressed blank;
s3, machining the pressed blank to obtain a machined pressed blank;
s4, carrying out secondary cold isostatic pressing on the processed green compact to obtain a processed green compact;
and S5, performing pressure sintering on the processed pressed compact to obtain the large hard alloy wear-resistant block with the complex shape.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the cemented carbide mixture includes a forming agent and a cemented carbide material.
In some embodiments of the invention, the cemented carbide material comprises 85 wt% to 95 wt% WC powder and 5 wt% to 15 wt% Co powder.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the mold used for powder pressing is a steel mold, such as a common steel mold, and preferably, the shrinkage rate of the mold is 18% to 25%.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the powder is pressed by hydraulic pressing, the pressure of the hydraulic pressing is preferably 40 to 120MPa, and the dwell time is preferably 120 to 500 seconds.
In the invention, the powder pressing is adopted to manufacture the pre-blank, so that more than 20% of materials are saved compared with the direct cold isostatic pressing adopted to manufacture the pre-blank with a rough shape, and the efficiency of mechanical processing of the subsequent pressed blank is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the first cold isostatic pressing is performed, and the wrapping material of the square preform is at least one selected from the group consisting of a plastic film, a rubber film, a latex film and a silicone film.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the pressure of the first cold isostatic pressing is 170 to 250MPa, and the pressure holding time is 3 to 10 minutes.
In the invention, the density is further improved by carrying out primary cold isostatic pressing, and the green compact strength required by subsequent machining is ensured. After the primary cold isostatic pressing strengthening of the pre-blank, the strength is higher, the pre-blank is more compact, the density distribution is uniform and consistent, the strength required by subsequent machining and the size uniform shrinkage in the sintering process are facilitated, the high precision of the product is ensured, and the size precision reaches +/-0.1 mm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the machining comprises wire saw cutting, numerically controlled milling, and grinding in step S3.
In some embodiments of the invention, the step of machining is:
t1, performing wire saw cutting on the pressed blank to form a platform;
t2, carrying out numerical control milling on the cut platform to mill chamfers, grooves and stress relief transition arcs;
t3, grinding to correct size.
In other embodiments of the invention, the wire saw cutting is diamond wire, the numerical control milling is diamond-shaped cutter, and the grinding is diamond grinding wheel.
In some embodiments of the invention, the sequence of machining is: (1) taking a ground bottom surface as a reference, (2) cutting a platform, (3) milling chamfers, grooves and stress relief transition arcs, and (4) grinding and correcting other surfaces; the wire saw cutting adopts a diamond wire, the numerical control milling adopts a diamond profiling cutter, and the grinding adopts a diamond grinding wheel.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S4, the pressure of the second cold isostatic pressing is 100 to 150 MPa.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the wrapping material of the processed green compact is selected from at least one of a plastic film, a rubber film, a latex film and a silicone film when the second cold isostatic pressing is performed.
And (3) eliminating the micro defects and residual stress generated on the machined surface of the repaired pressed compact by carrying out cold isostatic pressing with low pressure for the second time.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S5, the pressure of the pressure sintering is 4 to 10 MPa. In some embodiments of the present invention, the final sintering temperature is 1400 to 1500 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can stably and reliably manufacture the large-scale hard alloy product with the complex shape, and the manufactured large-scale hard alloy wear-resistant block with the complex shape has the advantages of complex shape, high dimensional precision, uniform and consistent density, obvious reduction of the internal stress concentration of the material, good impact resistance and high wear resistance.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-sized complex-shaped cemented carbide wear-resistant block prepared in an embodiment of the invention;
wherein the reference numerals in the figures have the meaning: 1-chamfering; 2-assembling the groove; 3-stress relief transition circular arc; 4-platform.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a complex-shaped large cemented carbide wear-resistant block prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the present invention may be more readily understood, the following detailed description will proceed with reference being made to examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The starting materials or components used in the present invention may be commercially or conventionally prepared unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Placing a hard alloy mixture (containing a forming agent) with 8 wt% of cobalt content into a steel mould, maintaining the pressure for 300 seconds under 75MPa of pressing pressure by adopting a 500-tonnage hydraulic press, pressing and forming a 280mm X260 mm X148 mm pre-blank, wrapping the pre-blank by using a latex film, keeping the pressure for 8 minutes under 180MPa of the cold isostatic press, carrying out primary cold isostatic pressing, taking out a pressed blank after pressure relief, cutting a platform 4 in a graph 1 by adopting a diamond wire saw, milling a chamfer 1, an assembly groove 2 and a stress relief transition arc 3 in the graph 1 by using numerical control, then grinding and correcting the size, carrying out secondary cold isostatic pressing by using the latex film wrapping, wherein the final pressure of the secondary cold isostatic pressing is 120MPa, unloading and then carrying out pressure sintering, the sintering pressure is 6MPa, and the final sintering temperature is 1410 ℃, thereby preparing the large hard alloy wear-resistant block with a complex shape.
Example 2
Placing a hard alloy mixture (containing a forming agent) with the cobalt content of 10 wt% into a steel mould, keeping the pressure for 400 seconds at 55MPa by adopting a 315-tonnage hydraulic press, pressing and forming a 280mm X260 mm X148 mm pre-blank, wrapping the pre-blank by using a latex film, keeping the pressure for 10 minutes at a cold isostatic press under 185MPa, carrying out primary cold isostatic pressing, taking out a pressed blank after pressure relief, cutting a platform 4 in a graph 1 by adopting a diamond wire saw, milling a chamfer 1, an assembly groove 2 and a stress relief transition arc 3 in the graph 1 by using numerical control, then grinding and correcting the size, carrying out secondary cold isostatic pressing by using the latex film wrapping, carrying out secondary cold isostatic pressing at a final pressure of 110MPa after secondary cold isostatic pressing, carrying out pressure sintering after unloading, wherein the sintering pressure is 6MPa, and the final sintering temperature is 1450 ℃, and further preparing the large hard alloy wear-resistant block with a complex shape.
Comparative example 1
Placing a hard alloy mixture (containing a forming agent) with the cobalt content of 10 wt% into a steel mould, keeping the pressure for 400 seconds at 70MPa by using a 500-tonnage hydraulic press, press-forming a 280mm × 260mm × 148mm pre-blank, wrapping the pre-blank by using a rubber film, keeping the pressure for 10 minutes at 185MPa by using a cold isostatic press, carrying out primary cold isostatic pressing, taking out a pressed blank after pressure relief, mechanically processing the pressed blank into a shape, then grinding and correcting the size, directly carrying out pressure sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 6MPa, the sintering maximum temperature is 1450 ℃, and the prepared large hard alloy wear-resistant block with the complex shape is shown in figure 2. It can be seen from fig. 2 that the obtained large-sized hard alloy wear-resistant block with the mixed shape has cracks.
Comparative example 2
Placing a hard alloy mixture (containing a forming agent) with the cobalt content of 10 wt% into a rubber mold, maintaining the pressure for 10 minutes in a cold isostatic press under the pressure of 185MPa, taking out a pressing block after pressure relief, wherein the shape of the pressing block is irregular, firstly preparing a rectangular block by adopting a grinding mode, grinding and removing about 40% of materials, then cutting a platform 4 in the graph 1 by adopting a diamond wire saw, milling a chamfer 1, an assembly groove 2 and a stress-relief transition arc 3 in the graph 1 by using numerical control, then grinding and correcting the size, and performing pressure sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 6MPa, and the final sintering temperature is 1450 ℃, so that the large hard alloy wear-resistant block with the complex shape is prepared. And fine cracks are formed on the part of the wear-resistant block at the stress relief transition arc.
Comparative example 3
Placing a hard alloy mixture (containing a forming agent) with the cobalt content of 10 wt% into a steel mould, keeping the pressure for 400 seconds at 55MPa by adopting a 315-tonnage hydraulic press, pressing and forming a 280mm X260 mm X148 mm pre-blank, wrapping the pre-blank by using a latex film, keeping the pressure for 10 minutes at a cold isostatic press under the pressure of 130MPa, carrying out primary cold isostatic pressing, taking out a pressed blank after pressure relief, cutting a platform 4 in a picture 1 by adopting a diamond wire saw, milling a chamfer 1, an assembly groove 2 and a stress relief transition arc 3 in the picture 1 by using numerical control, then grinding and correcting the size, carrying out secondary cold isostatic pressing by using the latex film wrapping, carrying out secondary cold isostatic pressing at the final pressure of 180MPa after discharging a pressed block, finding that the pressed block is slightly deformed, carrying out pressure sintering after carrying out mechanical processing again and correcting the shape, wherein the sintering pressure is 6MPa, and the final sintering temperature is 1450 ℃, so as to prepare a large hard alloy block with a complex shape, the local size does not meet the requirements of drawings.
Comparative example 4
Placing a hard alloy mixture (containing a forming agent) with the cobalt content of 10 wt% into a steel mould, keeping the pressure for 400 seconds at 55MPa by adopting a 315-tonnage hydraulic press, pressing and forming a 280mm X260 mm X148 mm pre-blank, wrapping the pre-blank by using a latex film, keeping the pressure for 10 minutes at a cold isostatic press under the pressure of 185MPa, carrying out primary cold isostatic pressing, taking out a pressed blank after pressure relief, cutting a platform 4 in a graph 1 by adopting a diamond wire saw, milling a chamfer 1, an assembly groove 2 and a stress-relief transition arc 3 in the graph 1 by using numerical control, then grinding and correcting the size, carrying out secondary cold isostatic pressing by using the latex film wrapping, carrying out secondary cold isostatic pressing at the final pressure of 110MPa after discharge, carrying out common sintering, carrying out the sintering at the highest temperature of 1450 ℃, further preparing a large hard alloy wear-resistant block with a complex shape, carrying out metallographic detection on the central part of the wear-resistant block, wherein the porosity is A04B02, and the porosity of the central part of the wear-resistant block sintered by pressure is A02B 00.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. The present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, but the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. The invention can be modified, as prescribed, within the scope of the claims and without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein, but rather extends to all other methods and applications having the same functionality.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a large-sized hard alloy wear-resistant block with a complex shape comprises the following steps:
s1, performing powder pressing on the hard alloy mixture, and performing pressing forming to obtain a square preform;
s2, carrying out first cold isostatic pressing on the square pre-blank to obtain a pressed blank;
s3, machining the pressed blank to obtain a machined pressed blank;
s4, carrying out secondary cold isostatic pressing on the processed green compact to obtain a processed green compact;
and S5, performing pressure sintering on the processed pressed compact to obtain the large hard alloy wear-resistant block with the complex shape.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the cemented carbide mixture comprises a forming agent and a cemented carbide material; the hard alloy material comprises 85-95 wt% of WC powder and 5-15 wt% of Co powder.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S1, the die used for powder pressing is a steel die, and the shrinkage rate of the die is 18% to 25%; and/or
The powder pressing mode is hydraulic pressing, the pressure of the hydraulic pressing is 40-120 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 120-500 seconds.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first cold isostatic pressing is performed with a wrapping material of the square preform selected from at least one of a plastic film, a rubber film, a latex film and a silicone film.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in step S2, the pressure of the first cold isostatic pressing is 170 to 250MPa, and the dwell time is 3 to 10 minutes.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the machining comprises wire saw cutting, numerical control milling and grinding in step S3.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of machining is:
t1, performing wire saw cutting on the pressed blank to form a platform;
t2, carrying out numerical control milling on the cut platform to mill chamfers, grooves and stress relief transition arcs;
t3, grinding to correct size.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the wire saw cutting is performed by using a diamond wire, the numerical control milling is performed by using a diamond profiling cutter, and the grinding is performed by using a diamond grinding wheel.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in step S4, the pressure of the second cold isostatic pressing is 100 to 150 MPa; and/or
And when the second cold isostatic pressing is carried out, the wrapping material of the processed pressed blank is selected from at least one of a plastic film, a rubber film, an emulsion film and a silica gel film.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in step S5, the pressure sintering pressure is 4 to 10MPa, and the final sintering temperature is 1400 to 1500 ℃.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN111300599A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-19 | 苏州汉尼威电子技术有限公司 | Processing technology of ultramicro nano section for preparing cutter |
| CN111318692A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-06-23 | 上海钨睿新材料科技有限公司 | Cold isostatic pressing process for efficiently producing hard alloy bars |
| CN111409174A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-14 | 苏州汉尼威电子技术有限公司 | Manufacturing process of ultramicro nano water jet sand pipe |
| CN112609116A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-06 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | Novel cemented carbide of binder phase and preparation method thereof |
| CN113815232A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-21 | 华中科技大学 | Isostatic pressing sheath and isostatic pressing forming method |
| CN114773039A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-07-22 | 杭州恒影科技有限公司 | Spinel ball cover isostatic pressing forming method |
| CN115106530A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-27 | 四川一然新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of hard alloy special-shaped spray pipe |
| CN115502398A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2022-12-23 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | Production method of hard alloy super-long thin plate |
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| CN111300599A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-19 | 苏州汉尼威电子技术有限公司 | Processing technology of ultramicro nano section for preparing cutter |
| CN111409174A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-14 | 苏州汉尼威电子技术有限公司 | Manufacturing process of ultramicro nano water jet sand pipe |
| CN111318692A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-06-23 | 上海钨睿新材料科技有限公司 | Cold isostatic pressing process for efficiently producing hard alloy bars |
| CN112609116A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-06 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | Novel cemented carbide of binder phase and preparation method thereof |
| CN113815232A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-21 | 华中科技大学 | Isostatic pressing sheath and isostatic pressing forming method |
| CN114773039A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-07-22 | 杭州恒影科技有限公司 | Spinel ball cover isostatic pressing forming method |
| CN115106530A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-27 | 四川一然新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of hard alloy special-shaped spray pipe |
| CN115106530B (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2024-04-12 | 四川一然新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of hard alloy special-shaped spray pipe |
| CN115502398A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2022-12-23 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | Production method of hard alloy super-long thin plate |
| CN115502398B (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2024-03-12 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | Production method of hard alloy ultra-long thin plate |
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