CN110814284A - Piston ring casting process - Google Patents
Piston ring casting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110814284A CN110814284A CN201911273647.0A CN201911273647A CN110814284A CN 110814284 A CN110814284 A CN 110814284A CN 201911273647 A CN201911273647 A CN 201911273647A CN 110814284 A CN110814284 A CN 110814284A
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- sand
- wedge
- station
- block
- lower template
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C11/00—Moulding machines characterised by the relative arrangement of the parts of same
- B22C11/02—Machines in which the moulds are moved during a cycle of successive operations
- B22C11/04—Machines in which the moulds are moved during a cycle of successive operations by a horizontal rotary table or carrier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C15/00—Moulding machines characterised by the compacting mechanism; Accessories therefor
- B22C15/02—Compacting by pressing devices only
- B22C15/08—Compacting by pressing devices only involving pneumatic or hydraulic mechanisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
- B22C9/24—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings for hollow articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D47/00—Casting plants
- B22D47/02—Casting plants for both moulding and casting
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of production and processing of automobile parts, and particularly relates to a piston ring casting process, which comprises the following steps: manufacturing a piston ring sand mold, stacking a plurality of sand molds together, transferring the stacked sand molds to a pouring area, and injecting molten iron into the sand molds through a pouring opening, wherein the tapping temperature of the molten iron is not lower than 1500 ℃, and the pouring temperature is not lower than 1350 ℃; cooling the sand mold after pouring to room temperature, then carrying out sand removing treatment, and cleaning the molding sand on the surface of the casting; polishing the casting in a shot blasting machine to remove surface impurities; heating the casting to 950-1050 ℃ for quenching, wherein the quenching time is 3-5 min; reheating the casting to 600-630 ℃ for tempering for 2-4 h; after tempering, cooling to normal temperature, and finishing the casting of the piston ring; the invention adopts the stacked sand mold to cast the piston ring, thereby improving the casting efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of production and processing of automobile parts, and particularly relates to a piston ring casting process.
Background
The sand mould for casting the piston ring is generally produced in a single-station operation mode, and the production efficiency is low. In addition, a large amount of manual operation is needed in the forming process, the labor intensity is high, and the production efficiency is further reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a piston ring casting process capable of improving production efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a piston ring casting process comprises the following steps:
step 1: manufacturing a piston ring sand mold, wherein one end of the sand mold is provided with a cavity and a transverse pouring gate, and the center of the sand mold is provided with a longitudinal pouring gate which penetrates through the sand mold;
step 2: stacking a plurality of sand molds together, ensuring that longitudinal pouring channels of the sand molds are communicated with each other, arranging a bottom plate at the bottom of the sand mold at the lowest layer, arranging a top mold with a pouring gate at the upper end of the sand mold at the uppermost layer, and communicating the pouring gate with the longitudinal pouring channels of the sand molds at the lower layer;
and step 3: transferring the stacked sand mold to a pouring area, and injecting molten iron into the sand mold through a pouring opening, wherein the tapping temperature of the molten iron is not lower than 1500 ℃, and the pouring temperature is not lower than 1350 ℃;
and 4, step 4: cooling the sand mold after pouring to room temperature, then carrying out sand removing treatment, and cleaning the molding sand on the surface of the casting;
and 5: polishing the casting in a shot blasting machine to remove surface impurities;
step 6: heating the casting to 950-1050 ℃ for quenching, wherein the quenching time is 3-5 min;
and 7: reheating the casting to 600-630 ℃ for tempering for 2-4 h; after tempering, cooling to normal temperature, and finishing the casting of the piston ring;
the sand mould is manufactured by a six-station sand mould forming machine, the six-station sand mould forming machine comprises a rotary support, the rotary support is rotatably arranged on a machine base along a vertical axis, six sand mould dies are arranged on the peripheral surface of the rotary support at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and a mould frame feeding station, a mould frame folding station, a sand filling station, a reserved manual detection station, a pressurization station and a sand mould unloading station are sequentially arranged beside the rotary support and correspond to the positions of the six sand mould dies respectively; the sand mold comprises a base, a lower template movably connected with the base along the vertical direction, and a coaming plate movably connected with the lower template along the vertical direction; the sand filling device comprises a mould frame loading station, a mould frame folding station, a sand filling station, a pressure station, a sand mould unloading station and a mould frame lifting station, wherein the mould frame loading station is used for installing an empty mould frame between a lower template and a surrounding plate, the mould frame folding station is used for folding the mould frame, the surrounding plate and the lower template, the sand filling station is used for releasing moulding sand into a cavity surrounded by the lower template, the mould frame and the surrounding plate and scraping the surface of the moulding sand, the reserved manual detection station is used for manually detecting the filling degree of the moulding sand, the pressure station is used for compacting the moulding sand into a sand mould, the pressure station is provided with an upper template vertically opposite to the lower template and a hydraulic cylinder used for jacking the lower template, and the sand; the molding method of the sand mold comprises the following steps:
a. installing the die frame between the lower die plate and the enclosing plate at the die frame feeding station, and then controlling the rotary support to rotate for 60 degrees to enable the die frame to reach a die frame folding station;
b. folding the mold frame, the lower template and the coaming at a mold frame folding station, and then controlling the rotary support to rotate for 60 degrees to enable the mold frame to reach a sand filling station;
c. the molding sand is laid in a cavity defined by the lower template, the mold frame and the coaming at a sand filling station, the surface of the molding sand is scraped, and then the rotary support is controlled to rotate for 60 degrees, so that the mold frame reaches a reserved manual detection station;
d. checking the sand filling degree at a reserved manual detection station, manually supplementing sand if insufficient filling exists, and controlling the rotary support to rotate for 60 degrees after checking and supplementing sand are finished so that the template reaches a pressurization station;
e. lifting the lower template by using a hydraulic cylinder at a pressurizing station to enable the lower template to be folded upwards with the upper template, compacting the molding sand, controlling the hydraulic cylinder to descend, separating the lower template, a mold frame and a coaming from each other by using a demolding mechanism, and controlling a rotary support to rotate by 60 degrees to enable the template to reach a sand mold unloading station;
f. and at a sand mould unloading station, taking the sand mould together with the mould frame out from between the coaming and the lower template, and finishing the manufacture of the sand mould.
The die frame and the coaming are in sliding fit with the lower template through a first guide rod and a second guide rod which are vertically arranged; the central die is provided with a mandrel for forming a sand mold central pouring gate, the mandrel is in sliding fit with a core hole formed in the center of the lower die plate along the vertical direction, a first elastic unit for driving the mandrel to pop up relative to the lower die plate is arranged between the mandrel and the lower die plate, the side walls of the mandrel and the core hole are respectively provided with a flange and a circular bead for preventing the mandrel and the core hole from being separated, and the flange and the circular bead are mutually abutted along the vertical direction; a pressing column protruding downwards is arranged on the bottom surface of the upper template at a position corresponding to the mandrel; the side wall of the mandrel is also provided with a ring groove, a clamping plate which is arranged along the radial direction of the mandrel in a sliding manner is arranged in the lower template, a through hole for the mandrel to pass through and a clamping groove connected with the through hole are arranged on the clamping plate, and the width of the clamping groove is larger than the diameter of the bottom of the ring groove and smaller than the diameter of the mandrel; the cardboard slides and sets up between following two stations: the through hole is opposite to the mandrel in the vertical direction at a station I, and the clamping groove is opposite to the mandrel in the vertical direction at a station II; a second elastic unit used for pushing the clamping plate from the station to the station two is arranged between the clamping plate and the lower template, a telescopic air bag is further arranged between the clamping plate and the lower template, and the telescopic air bag is assembled to push the clamping plate from the station to the station one when the telescopic air bag is inflated; the first guide rod is provided with a piston, a piston cavity used for accommodating the piston to slide in the lower die plate is arranged in the lower die plate, the telescopic air bag is communicated with the piston cavity on the upper portion of the piston through a first air passage, and the piston cavity on the lower portion of the piston is communicated with the atmosphere.
The piston cavity at the upper part of the piston is communicated with a sliding channel of the second guide rod through a second air passage, a third air passage communicated with the atmosphere is further arranged at the position where the sliding channel of the second guide rod is equal to the second air passage in height, the second air passage is disconnected with the third air passage when the second guide rod is positioned at the upper position, and the second air passage and the third air passage are communicated with each other through the annular pressure relief groove when the second guide rod is positioned at the lower position.
The upper end of the first guide rod is provided with a pin column, and the edge of the die frame is provided with a pin hole which is detachably inserted and matched with the pin column; the first guide rods are at least three and are uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the lower template, and the upper ends of the first guide rods are also provided with supporting rings for connecting the first guide rods into a whole; the two second guide rods are symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction of the lower template, and handles are arranged at the positions of the edges of the die frames corresponding to the second guide rods; a third elastic unit for driving the second guide rod to move downwards relative to the lower template is arranged between the second guide rod and the lower template; and a fourth elastic unit for driving the lower template to move downwards relative to the base is arranged between the lower template and the base.
The lower ends of the first guide rod and the second guide rod are respectively provided with a first wedge-shaped block and a second wedge-shaped block, the base is respectively provided with a first wedge-shaped stop block and a second wedge-shaped stop block which are matched with the first wedge-shaped block and the second wedge-shaped block, the first wedge-shaped stop block and the second wedge-shaped stop block are connected with the base in a sliding manner along the horizontal direction, horizontal elastic elements are arranged between the first wedge-shaped stop block and the base, the first wedge-shaped block, the second wedge-shaped block, the first wedge-shaped stop block and the second wedge-shaped stop block are assembled to push the first wedge-shaped stop block and the second wedge-shaped stop block to be opened through the inclined plane when the first wedge-shaped block and the second wedge-shaped block move from bottom to top, and when the first wedge block and the second wedge block move from top to bottom, the first wedge block and the second wedge block can block the first wedge block and the second wedge block, and the height of the second wedge block is higher than that of the first wedge block.
The lower template bottom is equipped with first drive block and second drive block respectively with first wedge dog and second wedge dog corresponding position department, first drive block and second drive block lower extreme are equipped with the slide wedge drive face, first wedge dog and second wedge dog upper end are equipped with the slide wedge face, and when the template down reached the extreme low position for the base, first drive block and second drive block pushed away first wedge dog and second wedge dog from the down route of first wedge and second wedge respectively.
The lower template is in sliding fit with the base through a third guide rod which is vertically arranged, a third wedge block is arranged on the third guide rod, a third wedge-shaped stop block which is arranged along the horizontal direction in a sliding way is arranged on the base and is fixedly connected with a push rod which is arranged horizontally, a fifth elastic unit is arranged between the push rod and the base, the fifth elastic unit is assembled to enable the elastic force of the fifth elastic unit to drive the third wedge-shaped block to move from the side of the descending path of the third wedge-shaped block to the descending path of the third wedge-shaped block, one end of the push rod is provided with a push plate, the push plate is provided with a first convex block which is convexly arranged along the radial direction of the rotary bracket, the mold frame folding station is provided with a second lug which is positioned on the rotary path of the first lug, when the base passes through the second bump, the second bump presses the first bump to enable the third wedge-shaped block to move out of the lower portion of the third wedge-shaped block.
A hopper is arranged above the sand filling station, and a star-shaped discharger is arranged at the bottom of the hopper; and a material receiving cylinder for jacking the lower template is arranged below the sand filling station.
The hopper below is equipped with connects the silo, connect the tank bottom of silo to set up the hole that supplies the bounding wall to pass, connect the silo to be equipped with the scraper blade that sets up along the horizontal direction activity, the scraper blade is by the horizontal cylinder drive that connects the setting on the silo lateral wall, and the one end that connects the silo is equipped with row sand mouth, arranges sand mouth below and sets up the molding sand and retrieves the conveyer belt.
The invention has the technical effects that: the invention adopts the stacked sand mold to cast the piston ring, thereby improving the casting efficiency; in addition, a plurality of sand mould dies are arranged on the rotary support, and the dies sequentially pass through different stations by utilizing the rotation of the rotary support, so that the multi-procedure synchronous operation of the sand mould forming process is realized, and the sand mould manufacturing efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a six-station sand mold forming machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of a six-station sand molding machine provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a perspective view of a pressing device and a sand mold according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a plan view of a pressing device and a sand mold provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view E-E of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view D-D of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a demolding device provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a top view of a demolding device provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 9;
figure 12 is a top view of a card provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying examples. It is to be understood that the following text is merely illustrative of one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of the invention as specifically claimed.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, a six-station sand mold forming machine comprises a rotary support 10, wherein the rotary support 10 is rotatably arranged on a machine base 101 along a vertical axis, six sand mold dies 20 are circumferentially arranged on the circumferential surface of the rotary support 10 at equal intervals, and a mold frame feeding station 11, a mold frame folding station 12, a sand filling station 13, a reserved manual detection station 14, a pressurizing station 15 and a sand mold unloading station 16 are sequentially arranged beside the rotary support 10 corresponding to the positions of the six sand mold dies 20; the sand mold 20 comprises a base 26, a lower template 21 movably connected with the base 26 along the vertical direction, and a coaming 22 movably connected with the lower template 21 along the vertical direction; the top surface of the lower template 21 is provided with a male die 211 for molding a sand mold cavity, the die frame feeding station 11 is used for installing the empty die frame 1 between the lower template 21 and the coaming 22, the mould frame folding station 12 is used for folding the mould frame 1, the coaming 22 and the lower template 21, the sand filling station 13 is used for releasing the molding sand into a cavity surrounded by the lower template 21, the mold frame 1 and the coaming 22 and scraping the surface of the molding sand, the reserved manual detection station 14 is used for manually detecting the filling degree of the molding sand, the pressurization station 15 is used for compacting the molding sand into a sand mold, as shown in fig. 4 to 7, the pressing station 15 is provided with an upper mold plate 151 disposed vertically opposite to the lower mold plate 21 and a hydraulic cylinder 152 for raising the lower mold plate 21, the sand mold unloading station 16 is used for taking out the formed sand mold together with the mold frame 1 from a position between the lower template 21 and the enclosing plate 22. According to the invention, a plurality of sand mould dies 20 are arranged on the rotary support 10, and the rotation of the rotary support 10 is utilized to enable each die 20 to sequentially pass through different stations, so that the multi-procedure synchronous operation of a sand mould forming process is realized, and the sand mould manufacturing efficiency is improved.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7 and 11, the mold frame 1 and the enclosing plate 22 are in sliding fit with the lower mold plate 21 through a first guide rod 23 and a second guide rod 24 which are vertically arranged, respectively; the center of the lower template 21 is provided with a mandrel 27 for forming a sand mold center pouring channel, the mandrel 27 forms a sliding fit with a core hole arranged in the center of the lower template 21 along the vertical direction, a first elastic unit 272 for driving the mandrel 27 to pop up relative to the lower template 21 is arranged between the mandrel 27 and the lower template 21, the sidewalls of the mandrel 27 and the core hole are respectively provided with a flange 271 and a shoulder for preventing the mandrel 27 from being separated from the core hole, and the flange 271 and the shoulder are mutually abutted along the vertical direction; a pressing column 1511 which is extended downwards is arranged on the bottom surface of the upper template 151 at a position corresponding to the mandrel 27; the side wall of the mandrel 27 is also provided with a ring groove 273, a clamping plate 274 which is arranged along the mandrel 27 in a sliding manner in the radial direction is arranged in the lower template 21, a through hole 2741 through which the mandrel 27 passes and a clamping groove 2742 connected with the through hole 2741 are arranged on the clamping plate 274, and the width of the clamping groove 2742 is larger than the diameter of the bottom of the ring groove 273 and smaller than the diameter of the mandrel 27; the clamping plate 274 is slidably disposed between: at the first station, the through hole 2741 is vertically opposite to the mandrel 27, and at the second station, the clamping groove 2742 is vertically opposite to the mandrel 27; a second elastic unit 275 for pushing the clamping plate 274 from the station to the station two is arranged between the clamping plate 274 and the lower template 21, a telescopic air bag 276 is further arranged between the clamping plate 274 and the lower template 21, and the telescopic air bag 276 is assembled to enable the clamping plate 274 to be pushed from the station to the station one when the telescopic air bag 276 is inflated; the first guide rod 23 is provided with a piston 233, the lower template 21 is internally provided with a piston cavity 202 for accommodating the piston 233 to slide in, the telescopic air bag 276 is communicated with the cavity of the piston cavity 202 at the upper part of the piston 233 through a first air passage 201, and the cavity of the piston cavity 202 at the lower part of the piston 233 is communicated with the atmosphere. In order to ensure that the longitudinal pouring gate penetrates through the upper end and the lower end of the sand mold after the sand mold is formed, the upper end of the mandrel 27 is required to be ensured to be at least flush with the surface of the molding sand or higher than the surface of the molding sand during sand filling, and in doing so, the mold opening stroke of the mandrel 27 is larger, which is not beneficial to mold drawing, the mandrel 27 is arranged into an elastic structure, the lower mandrel 27 is flush with the surface of the molding sand during sand paving to ensure that the longitudinal pouring gate is communicated, the mandrel 27 contracts downwards under the extrusion of the pressing column 1511 during pressure forming, the mandrel 27 and the pressing column 1511 open the mold respectively towards the upper side and the lower side during mold opening, the mold opening stroke of the mandrel 27. There is certain compression capacity after the molding sand pressurization, consequently in order to ensure sand mould shaping rear surface and framed 1 parallel and level, need make the molding sand surpass framed 1 when the sand filling, bounding wall 22 can enclose the molding sand of surpassing the part and keep off, avoids the molding sand unrestrained, can enclose cope match-plate pattern 151 when pressurizeing simultaneously, avoids the molding sand to be extruded in the gap between cope match-plate pattern 151 and framed 1. Due to the existence of the surrounding plate 22, the mold frame 1 and the lower mold plate 21 need to be separated when the mold frame 1 is taken and placed. The clamping plate 274 can prevent the runner from being damaged due to the fact that the clamping plate 274 is ejected upwards immediately after the mandrel 27 is separated from the pressing column 1511, and the telescopic air bag 276 can drive the clamping plate 274 to be separated from the mandrel 27, so that the mandrel 27 is ejected upwards to facilitate the next molding. The invention ingeniously utilizes the separation action of the die frame 1 and the lower template 21 to drive the air bag to expand, and only under the condition that the die frame 1 and the lower template 21 are fully separated, the air bag can drive the clamping plate 274 and the mandrel 27 to be separated, thereby thoroughly avoiding the possibility that the mandrel 27 damages the sand mould, simplifying the equipment structure and improving the response precision.
Specifically, an annular pressure relief groove 242 is formed in a rod section of the second guide rod 24 located inside the template, a cavity of the piston cavity 202 at the upper portion of the piston 233 is communicated with a sliding channel of the second guide rod 24 through the second air passage 203, a third air passage 204 communicated with the atmosphere is further arranged at a position of the same height as the sliding channel of the second guide rod 24 and the second air passage 203, the second air passage 203 is disconnected from the third air passage 204 when the second guide rod 24 is located at an upper position, and the second air passage 203 and the third air passage 204 are communicated with each other through the annular pressure relief groove 242 when the second guide rod 24 is located at a lower position. As shown in fig. 12, after the mandrel 27 is ejected upward, the clamping plate 274 cannot be reset before the mandrel 27 is pressed down again, so the airbag cannot exhaust air, but at this time, if the first guide rod 23 descends, the upper part of the piston 233 must be decompressed, the invention skillfully utilizes the motion of the second guide rod 24 to decompress the piston cavity 202, and when the second guide rod 24 descends, the second air channel 203 is communicated with the third air channel 204 through the annular decompression groove 242 to be communicated with the atmosphere.
Preferably, the upper end of the first guide rod 23 is provided with a pin 232, and the edge of the mold frame 1 is provided with a pin hole which forms a detachable plug-in fit with the pin 232; the number of the first guide rods 23 is at least three, the first guide rods are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the lower template 21 at intervals, and the upper end of each first guide rod 23 is also provided with a supporting ring 25 for connecting the first guide rods 23 into a whole; the number of the second guide rods 24 is two, and the handles 3 are arranged at positions of the edges of the die frame 1 corresponding to the second guide rods 24; a third elastic unit 243 for driving the second guide rod 24 to move downwards relative to the lower template 21 is arranged between the second guide rod 24 and the lower template 21; a fourth elastic unit 215 for driving the lower template 21 to move downwards relative to the base 26 is arranged between the lower template 21 and the base 26.
Further, as shown in fig. 6 and 10, the lower ends of the first and second guide rods 23 and 24 are respectively provided with a first wedge block 231 and a second wedge block 241, the base 26 is respectively provided with a first wedge block 261 and a second wedge block 262 matched with the first and second wedge blocks 231 and 241, the first and second wedge blocks 261 and 262 are slidably connected with the base 26 along the horizontal direction, and horizontal elastic elements are respectively arranged between the first and second wedge blocks 261 and 262 and the base 26, the first and second wedge blocks 231, 241, 261 and 262 are assembled such that the first and second wedge blocks 261 and 262 can be pushed away by the inclined plane when the first and second wedge blocks 231 and 241 move from bottom to top, and the first and second wedge blocks 261 and 262 can be pushed away by the first and second wedge blocks 261 and 262 when the first and second wedge blocks 231 and 241 move from top to bottom, the second wedge stopper 262 has a height higher than that of the first wedge stopper 261. When the lower template 21 descends, the first guide rod 23 and the second guide rod 24 are respectively blocked at different heights, so that the coaming 22, the mold frame 1 and the lower template 21 are separated.
Further, a first driving block 212 and a second driving block 213 are respectively arranged at positions corresponding to the first wedge-shaped block 261 and the second wedge-shaped block 262 at the bottom of the lower die plate 21, wedge driving surfaces are arranged at lower ends of the first driving block 212 and the second driving block 213, wedge surfaces are arranged at upper ends of the first wedge-shaped block 261 and the second wedge-shaped block 262, and when the die plate descends to the lowest position relative to the base 26, the first driving block 212 and the second driving block 213 respectively push the first wedge-shaped block 261 and the second wedge-shaped block 262 away from descending paths of the first wedge-shaped block 231 and the second wedge-shaped block 241. When the lower die plate 21 completely descends to the lowest station, the driving block can be used for releasing the blocking of the descending motion of the die frame 1 and the coaming 22, so that the die frame 1 and the coaming 22 are reset.
Further, the lower mold plate 21 forms a sliding fit with the base 26 through a third guide rod 214 vertically arranged, the third guide rod 214 is provided with a third wedge-shaped block 216, the base 26 is provided with a third wedge-shaped block 263 slidably arranged along the horizontal direction, the third wedge-shaped block 263 is fixedly connected with a push rod 2631 horizontally arranged, a fifth elastic unit 2632 is arranged between the push rod 2631 and the base 26, the fifth elastic unit 2632 is assembled such that the elastic force thereof can drive the third wedge-shaped block 263 to move from the side of the descending path of the third wedge-shaped block 216 to the descending path of the third wedge-shaped block 216, one end of the push rod 2631 is provided with a push plate 2633, the push plate 2633 is provided with a first bump 2634 convexly arranged along the radial direction of the rotating support 10, the mold frame folding station 12 is provided with a second bump 102, the second bump 102 is located on the rotating path of the first bump 2634, when the base 26 passes through the second bump 102, the second tab 102 presses against the first tab 2634 to move the third wedge 263 out from under the third wedge 216. The third wedge-shaped block 263 can prevent the lower template 21 from descending to the lowest station, so that the mold frame 1, the coaming 22 and the lower template 21 can be kept in a separated state for the putting in and taking out of the mold frame 1, when the mold 20 rotates to the mold frame closing station 12, the second lug 102 extrudes the first lug 2634, so that the third wedge-shaped block 263 is removed from the lower part of the third wedge-shaped block 216, the lower template 21 is reset under the action of elasticity, and the blocking of the mold frame 1 and the coaming 22 is released, so that the coaming 22, the mold frame 1 and the lower template 21 are closed again.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, a hopper 131 is arranged above the sand filling station 13, and a star-shaped discharger 132 is arranged at the bottom of the hopper 131. And a material receiving cylinder for jacking the lower template 21 is arranged below the sand filling station 13. Hopper 131 below is equipped with connects silo 133, connect the tank bottom of silo 133 to set up the hole that supplies bounding wall 22 to pass, connect to be equipped with in the silo 133 along the scraper blade 134 of horizontal direction activity setting, scraper blade 134 is driven by the horizontal cylinder 135 that connects to set up on the silo 133 lateral wall, and the one end that connects silo 133 is equipped with row sand mouth, and row sand mouth below sets up the molding sand and retrieves the conveyer belt. When mould 20 moved to the sand filling station 13, connect the material cylinder with lower bolster 21 jacking one section distance upwards, make bounding wall 22 top surface with connect silo 133 bottom plate parallel and level, then star type tripper 132 throws the molding sand ration into mould 20 in, horizontal cylinder 135 drive scraper blade 134 action, scraper blade 134 strickles off the molding sand surface and releases unnecessary molding sand from the mouth of arranging sand simultaneously, and the molding sand is retrieved the conveyer belt and is retrieved unnecessary molding sand.
The material taking and discharging of the mold frame 1 can be manually operated, and can also be operated by an industrial manipulator.
Example 2
A piston 233 ring casting process, comprising the steps of:
step 1: manufacturing a piston 233 ring sand mold, wherein one end of the sand mold is provided with a cavity and a transverse pouring gate, and the center of the sand mold is provided with a longitudinal pouring gate which penetrates through the sand mold;
step 2: stacking a plurality of sand molds together, ensuring that longitudinal pouring channels of the sand molds are communicated with each other, arranging a bottom plate at the bottom of the sand mold at the lowest layer, arranging a top mold with a pouring gate at the upper end of the sand mold at the uppermost layer, and communicating the pouring gate with the longitudinal pouring channels of the sand molds at the lower layer;
and step 3: transferring the stacked sand mold to a pouring area, and injecting molten iron into the sand mold through a pouring opening, wherein the tapping temperature of the molten iron is not lower than 1500 ℃, and the pouring temperature is not lower than 1350 ℃;
and 4, step 4: cooling the sand mold after pouring to room temperature, then carrying out sand removing treatment, and cleaning the molding sand on the surface of the casting;
and 5: polishing the casting in a shot blasting machine to remove surface impurities;
step 6: heating the casting to 950-1050 ℃ for quenching, wherein the quenching time is 3-5 min;
and 7: reheating the casting to 600-630 ℃ for tempering for 2-4 h; after tempering, cooling to normal temperature, and finishing the casting of the 233 ring of the piston;
the sand mould is manufactured by adopting a six-station sand mould forming machine, and the forming method of the sand mould comprises the following steps:
a. installing the die frame 1 between a lower template 21 and a coaming 22 at a feeding station 11 of the die frame 1, and then controlling a rotary support 10 to rotate for 60 degrees to enable the die frame 1 to reach a die frame folding station 12;
b. folding the mold frame 1, the lower template 21 and the coaming 22 at a mold frame folding station 12, and then controlling the rotary support 10 to rotate for 60 degrees to enable the mold frame 1 to reach a sand filling station 13;
c. in the sand filling station 13, the molding sand is laid in a cavity surrounded by the lower template 21, the mold frame 1 and the coaming 22, the surface of the molding sand is scraped, and then the rotary support 10 is controlled to rotate for 60 degrees, so that the mold frame 1 reaches the reserved manual detection station 14;
d. checking the sand filling degree at a reserved manual detection station 14, manually supplementing sand if insufficient filling exists, controlling the rotary support 10 to rotate for 60 degrees after checking and supplementing sand are finished, and enabling the template to reach a pressurizing station 15;
e. lifting the lower template 21 by using a hydraulic cylinder 152 at a pressurizing station 15 to enable the lower template 21 to be folded upwards with the upper template 151, compacting the molding sand, then controlling the hydraulic cylinder 152 to descend, then utilizing a demolding mechanism to separate the lower template 21, the mold frame 1 and the coaming 22 from each other, and then controlling the rotary support 10 to rotate by 60 degrees to enable the template to reach a sand mold unloading station 16;
f. and at a sand mold unloading station 16, taking the sand mold together with the mold frame 1 out of the space between the coaming 22 and the lower template 21, and completing sand mold manufacturing.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention. Structures, devices, and methods of operation not specifically described or illustrated herein are generally practiced in the art without specific recitation or limitation.
Claims (10)
1. A piston ring casting process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: manufacturing a piston ring sand mold, wherein one end of the sand mold is provided with a cavity and a transverse pouring gate, and the center of the sand mold is provided with a longitudinal pouring gate which penetrates through the sand mold;
step 2: stacking a plurality of sand molds together, ensuring that longitudinal pouring channels of the sand molds are communicated with each other, arranging a bottom plate at the bottom of the sand mold at the lowest layer, arranging a top mold with a pouring gate at the upper end of the sand mold at the uppermost layer, and communicating the pouring gate with the longitudinal pouring channels of the sand molds at the lower layer;
and step 3: transferring the stacked sand mold to a pouring area, and injecting molten iron into the sand mold through a pouring opening, wherein the tapping temperature of the molten iron is not lower than 1500 ℃, and the pouring temperature is not lower than 1350 ℃;
and 4, step 4: cooling the sand mold after pouring to room temperature, then carrying out sand removing treatment, and cleaning the molding sand on the surface of the casting;
and 5: polishing the casting in a shot blasting machine to remove surface impurities;
step 6: heating the casting to 950-1050 ℃ for quenching, wherein the quenching time is 3-5 min;
and 7: reheating the casting to 600-630 ℃ for tempering for 2-4 h; and cooling to normal temperature after tempering, and finishing the casting of the piston ring.
2. A piston ring casting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sand mould is manufactured by a six-station sand mould forming machine, the six-station sand mould forming machine comprises a rotary support, the rotary support is rotatably arranged on a machine base along a vertical axis, six sand mould dies are arranged on the peripheral surface of the rotary support at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and a mould frame feeding station, a mould frame folding station, a sand filling station, a reserved manual detection station, a pressurization station and a sand mould unloading station are sequentially arranged beside the rotary support and correspond to the positions of the six sand mould dies respectively; the sand mold comprises a base, a lower template movably connected with the base along the vertical direction, and a coaming plate movably connected with the lower template along the vertical direction; the sand filling device comprises a mould frame loading station, a mould frame folding station, a sand filling station, a pressure station, a sand mould unloading station and a mould frame lifting station, wherein the mould frame loading station is used for installing an empty mould frame between a lower template and a surrounding plate, the mould frame folding station is used for folding the mould frame, the surrounding plate and the lower template, the sand filling station is used for releasing moulding sand into a cavity surrounded by the lower template, the mould frame and the surrounding plate and scraping the surface of the moulding sand, the reserved manual detection station is used for manually detecting the filling degree of the moulding sand, the pressure station is used for compacting the moulding sand into a sand mould, the pressure station is provided with an upper template vertically opposite to the lower template and a hydraulic cylinder used for jacking the lower template, and the sand; the molding method of the sand mold comprises the following steps:
a. installing the die frame between the lower die plate and the enclosing plate at the die frame feeding station, and then controlling the rotary support to rotate for 60 degrees to enable the die frame to reach a die frame folding station;
b. folding the mold frame, the lower template and the coaming at a mold frame folding station, and then controlling the rotary support to rotate for 60 degrees to enable the mold frame to reach a sand filling station;
c. the molding sand is laid in a cavity defined by the lower template, the mold frame and the coaming at a sand filling station, the surface of the molding sand is scraped, and then the rotary support is controlled to rotate for 60 degrees, so that the mold frame reaches a reserved manual detection station;
d. checking the sand filling degree at a reserved manual detection station, manually supplementing sand if insufficient filling exists, and controlling the rotary support to rotate for 60 degrees after checking and supplementing sand are finished so that the template reaches a pressurization station;
e. lifting the lower template by using a hydraulic cylinder at a pressurizing station to enable the lower template to be folded upwards with the upper template, compacting the molding sand, controlling the hydraulic cylinder to descend, separating the lower template, a mold frame and a coaming from each other by using a demolding mechanism, and controlling a rotary support to rotate by 60 degrees to enable the template to reach a sand mold unloading station;
f. and at a sand mould unloading station, taking the sand mould together with the mould frame out from between the coaming and the lower template, and finishing the manufacture of the sand mould.
3. A piston ring casting process according to claim 2, characterized in that: the die frame and the coaming are in sliding fit with the lower template through a first guide rod and a second guide rod which are vertically arranged; the central die is provided with a mandrel for forming a sand mold central pouring gate, the mandrel is in sliding fit with a core hole formed in the center of the lower die plate along the vertical direction, a first elastic unit for driving the mandrel to pop up relative to the lower die plate is arranged between the mandrel and the lower die plate, the side walls of the mandrel and the core hole are respectively provided with a flange and a circular bead for preventing the mandrel and the core hole from being separated, and the flange and the circular bead are mutually abutted along the vertical direction; a pressing column protruding downwards is arranged on the bottom surface of the upper template at a position corresponding to the mandrel; the side wall of the mandrel is also provided with a ring groove, a clamping plate which is arranged along the radial direction of the mandrel in a sliding manner is arranged in the lower template, a through hole for the mandrel to pass through and a clamping groove connected with the through hole are arranged on the clamping plate, and the width of the clamping groove is larger than the diameter of the bottom of the ring groove and smaller than the diameter of the mandrel; the cardboard slides and sets up between following two stations: the through hole is opposite to the mandrel in the vertical direction at a station I, and the clamping groove is opposite to the mandrel in the vertical direction at a station II; a second elastic unit used for pushing the clamping plate from the station to the station two is arranged between the clamping plate and the lower template, a telescopic air bag is further arranged between the clamping plate and the lower template, and the telescopic air bag is assembled to push the clamping plate from the station to the station one when the telescopic air bag is inflated; the first guide rod is provided with a piston, a piston cavity used for accommodating the piston to slide in the lower die plate is arranged in the lower die plate, the telescopic air bag is communicated with the piston cavity on the upper portion of the piston through a first air passage, and the piston cavity on the lower portion of the piston is communicated with the atmosphere.
4. A piston ring casting process according to claim 2, characterized in that: the piston cavity at the upper part of the piston is communicated with a sliding channel of the second guide rod through a second air passage, a third air passage communicated with the atmosphere is further arranged at the position where the sliding channel of the second guide rod is equal to the second air passage in height, the second air passage is disconnected with the third air passage when the second guide rod is positioned at the upper position, and the second air passage and the third air passage are communicated with each other through the annular pressure relief groove when the second guide rod is positioned at the lower position.
5. A piston ring casting process according to claim 2, characterized in that: the upper end of the first guide rod is provided with a pin column, and the edge of the die frame is provided with a pin hole which is detachably inserted and matched with the pin column; the first guide rods are at least three and are uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the lower template, and the upper ends of the first guide rods are also provided with supporting rings for connecting the first guide rods into a whole; the two second guide rods are symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction of the lower template, and handles are arranged at the positions of the edges of the die frames corresponding to the second guide rods; a third elastic unit for driving the second guide rod to move downwards relative to the lower template is arranged between the second guide rod and the lower template; and a fourth elastic unit for driving the lower template to move downwards relative to the base is arranged between the lower template and the base.
6. A piston ring casting process according to claim 4, wherein: the lower ends of the first guide rod and the second guide rod are respectively provided with a first wedge-shaped block and a second wedge-shaped block, the base is respectively provided with a first wedge-shaped stop block and a second wedge-shaped stop block which are matched with the first wedge-shaped block and the second wedge-shaped block, the first wedge-shaped stop block and the second wedge-shaped stop block are connected with the base in a sliding manner along the horizontal direction, horizontal elastic elements are arranged between the first wedge-shaped stop block and the base, the first wedge-shaped block, the second wedge-shaped block, the first wedge-shaped stop block and the second wedge-shaped stop block are assembled to push the first wedge-shaped stop block and the second wedge-shaped stop block to be opened through the inclined plane when the first wedge-shaped block and the second wedge-shaped block move from bottom to top, and when the first wedge block and the second wedge block move from top to bottom, the first wedge block and the second wedge block can block the first wedge block and the second wedge block, and the height of the second wedge block is higher than that of the first wedge block.
7. A piston ring casting process according to claim 5, characterized in that: the lower template bottom is equipped with first drive block and second drive block respectively with first wedge dog and second wedge dog corresponding position department, first drive block and second drive block lower extreme are equipped with the slide wedge drive face, first wedge dog and second wedge dog upper end are equipped with the slide wedge face, and when the template down reached the extreme low position for the base, first drive block and second drive block pushed away first wedge dog and second wedge dog from the down route of first wedge and second wedge respectively.
8. A piston ring casting process according to claim 6, wherein: the lower template is in sliding fit with the base through a third guide rod which is vertically arranged, a third wedge block is arranged on the third guide rod, a third wedge-shaped stop block which is arranged along the horizontal direction in a sliding way is arranged on the base and is fixedly connected with a push rod which is arranged horizontally, a fifth elastic unit is arranged between the push rod and the base, the fifth elastic unit is assembled to enable the elastic force of the fifth elastic unit to drive the third wedge-shaped block to move from the side of the descending path of the third wedge-shaped block to the descending path of the third wedge-shaped block, one end of the push rod is provided with a push plate, the push plate is provided with a first convex block which is convexly arranged along the radial direction of the rotary bracket, the mold frame folding station is provided with a second lug which is positioned on the rotary path of the first lug, when the base passes through the second bump, the second bump presses the first bump to enable the third wedge-shaped block to move out of the lower portion of the third wedge-shaped block.
9. A piston ring casting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: a hopper is arranged above the sand filling station, and a star-shaped discharger is arranged at the bottom of the hopper; and a material receiving cylinder for jacking the lower template is arranged below the sand filling station.
10. A piston ring casting process according to claim 9, wherein: the hopper below is equipped with connects the silo, connect the tank bottom of silo to set up the hole that supplies the bounding wall to pass, connect the silo to be equipped with the scraper blade that sets up along the horizontal direction activity, the scraper blade is by the horizontal cylinder drive that connects the setting on the silo lateral wall, and the one end that connects the silo is equipped with row sand mouth, arranges sand mouth below and sets up the molding sand and retrieves the conveyer belt.
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| CN111790886A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-20 | 三门前庭机械科技有限公司 | Device for improving sand filling integrity during casting |
| CN112222383A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-15 | 熊家豪 | Hard alloy bar casting forming die |
| CN112372167A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-19 | 安徽腾达钢构有限公司 | Square steel pipe reinforcing rib preassembling equipment |
| CN112426758A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-03-02 | 烟台市鑫汉机械有限公司 | Auxiliary device for filling sand in metal pipe based on adjusting assembly |
| CN117483650A (en) * | 2023-11-14 | 2024-02-02 | 衢州市万龙机械制造有限公司 | Wheel hub casting process |
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| CN117483650B (en) * | 2023-11-14 | 2024-04-16 | 衢州市万龙机械制造有限公司 | Wheel hub casting process |
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