CN110814014A - Method and structure for repairing cadmium-polluted soil by combining thionin, two-dimensional electric field and plants - Google Patents
Method and structure for repairing cadmium-polluted soil by combining thionin, two-dimensional electric field and plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN110814014A CN110814014A CN201911153490.8A CN201911153490A CN110814014A CN 110814014 A CN110814014 A CN 110814014A CN 201911153490 A CN201911153490 A CN 201911153490A CN 110814014 A CN110814014 A CN 110814014A
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- cadmium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
- B09C1/085—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically electrochemically, e.g. by electrokinetics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil pollution treatment, in particular to a method and a structure for jointly repairing cadmium-polluted soil by combining a chemical reagent with a two-dimensional electric field and a super-enrichment plant. By utilizing the activation capability of the thionin to the heavy metals in the soil and the directional migration capability of the two-dimensional electric field to the heavy metals, the extraction efficiency of the super-enriched plants to the heavy metals in the soil can be effectively improved, and the leaching risk of the heavy metals in the chemical induction process is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil pollution treatment, in particular to the field of heavy metal polluted soil restoration treatment, and more particularly relates to a structure and a method for combined restoration of cadmium polluted soil by using thionin, a two-dimensional electric field and plants.
Background
With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the problem of heavy metal pollution in farmlands in China is increasingly serious due to sewage irrigation, the large discharge of three wastes of heavy-duty enterprises, the unreasonable use of pesticides and fertilizers and the like. The investigation bulletin of national soil pollution conditions issued by the ministry of environmental protection and the ministry of national soil resources in 2014 shows that the exceeding rate of the soil point location of cultivated land in China reaches 19.4%. The standard exceeding point positions of inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals account for 82.8 percent of the total standard exceeding point positions, cadmium is the most serious pollution, and the standard exceeding rate of the point positions of the samples reaches 7 percent. The cadmium content of the agricultural products exceeding the standard exceeds 14.6 hundred million kg every year, and the form is very severe.
Cadmium is one of heavy metal elements with the strongest biological toxicity, has high biological effectiveness and strong mobility in soil, is easily absorbed by plants to enter a food chain, seriously influences the safety of crops and products in China and further threatens the human health of residents. Therefore, the cadmium-polluted soil remediation method has very important and urgent practical significance for guaranteeing safe production of crops and human health of residents.
As a new green and environment-friendly biotechnology, compared with the traditional restoration method, the phytoremediation technology has the advantages of low cost, high benefit, environmental friendliness, capability of performing in-situ restoration in a large area and the like, and gradually draws wide social attention. Among them, the restoration technology of plant extraction by using super-accumulating (cadmium-enriched) plants has gradually become an effective way to restore heavy metal contaminated soil. However, most cadmium hyper-enrichment plants have shallow root systems and small biomass, can only enrich heavy metals in the rhizosphere range in an excess manner and have high effectiveness, and the repair efficiency is limited by the accessibility and biological effectiveness of the heavy metals in soil.
The agricultural measures, chemical assistance, biological enhancement technology and the like can increase the absorption and accumulation of the super-accumulator plants on the heavy metals in the soil and improve the extraction efficiency of the plants. However, the addition of complexing agents such as EDTA in the chemically assisted process inhibits the growth of plants and leads to the risk of leaching of heavy metals.
At present, an electric-plant combined repairing method is also available, and the arrangement mode of the electrode in the repairing method has important influence on the enrichment of heavy metal cadmium in plants. At present, the migration of heavy metals in the vertical direction cannot be realized by a more researched one-dimensional horizontal electric field. The vertical direct current field and the complexing agent are used together, so that the environmental risk in the process of complexing and inducing the plant to be repaired can be effectively controlled. However, the vertical electric field needs to dig soil to install the electrode in the actual repairing process, and the problems of high implementation difficulty and high repairing cost exist. Therefore, the problems of the plant repairing technology cannot be economically and effectively solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to reasonably arrange an electric field, so that the problem of restoration limitation caused by short root system, low accessibility of heavy metal and low effectiveness in plant restoration can be solved, and more importantly, the method has operability in practical application.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention firstly discloses a structure for jointly repairing cadmium-polluted soil by combining a two-dimensional electric field and a hyper-enrichment plant through a chemical reagent, the structure takes sulfur as a chemical repairing agent, the cadmium-polluted soil is repaired by constructing the two-dimensional electric field and combining the cadmium hyper-enrichment plant, the two-dimensional electric field is composed of a cathode electrode positioned at the horizontal position of the surface layer of the soil and an anode electrode positioned at the lower horizontal position, the cathode electrode is positioned at the middle point of the connecting line of the two anode electrodes, the cadmium hyper-enrichment plant is planted in the horizontal interval between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, the sulfur is applied in the plough layer of the polluted soil, and the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are respectively connected to a power supply system.
Meanwhile, in the present invention, it is also preferable that the anode electrode is a graphite rod electrode.
Meanwhile, in the present invention, it is further preferable that the cathode electrode is a stainless steel mesh electrode.
As a preferable technical scheme, the invention further discloses that the vertical installation depth of the graphite rod anode electrode is 20-30cm, and the stainless steel mesh cathode electrode is vertically installed on the surface layer of the soil.
Preferably, the mesh diameter of the stainless steel mesh electrode is 1-2 cm.
More preferably, the graphite rod electrode has a size of D3cm × L30 cm.
Preferably, the stainless steel mesh electrode has a length of 1m or 2m and a width of 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the distance between the two anodes is 1-2 m.
Preferably, the cadmium hyper-concentration plant is any one or more of sedum alfredii hance, sedum plumbizincicola, brassica juncea, viola baccata, bidens pilosa, solanum nigrum and rorippa rorifolia.
Further preferably, the power supply system is a solar power supply system.
Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by combining chemistry, electric field and plants, which comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, applying a certain amount of sulfur in cadmium-polluted soil, preferably sulfur powder, and further preferably applying the sulfur powder in an amount of 0.5-2 g/kg;
s2: laying a two-dimensional electric field in the field: vertically inserting a cathode electrode into the surface layer of the soil, vertically inserting an anode electrode into deeper soil, and horizontally, wherein the cathode electrode is positioned at the midpoint of a connecting line of the two anode electrodes; preferably, the anode electrode is a graphite rod electrode, further preferably, the graphite rod electrode has a size of D3cm × L30cm, more preferably, the graphite rod electrode is vertically inserted into the soil and has an installation depth of 20-30cm, and preferably, the cathode electrode is a stainless steel mesh cathode, further preferably, the stainless steel mesh cathode has a width of 10-15cm, a mesh diameter of 1-2cm and a length of 1m or 2 m;
and connecting the cathode and the anode to a power supply system, respectively; preferably, the power supply system is a solar power supply system, and further preferably, the solar power supply system is composed of a solar cell module and a solar controller;
s3: planting cadmium hyper-enrichment plants between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, wherein the preferred cadmium hyper-enrichment plants are any one or more of sedum alfredii hance, sedum plumbizincicola, brassica juncea, viola baoshanensis, viola caerulea, bidens pilosa, solanum nigrum and rorippa rorifolia;
preferably, three groups of anode electrodes are arranged in parallel in each linear meter length, and preferably, one group of power supply system is arranged in each linear meter length.
It is further preferred that the soil moisture content be maintained at 60% to 80% of the field saturation capacity.
By adopting the technical means, the arrangement of the non-uniform two-dimensional electric field can be realized, so that the directional migration of cadmium in soil is realized. On one hand, the pH value of the soil is reduced by applying a chemical enhancing reagent, namely the thionin, the morphological transformation of the heavy metal cadmium is promoted, and the biological effectiveness of the heavy metal cadmium is improved. On the other hand, the two-dimensional electric field is utilized to promote the migration and enrichment of the effective cadmium from the deep soil to the roots of the plants and simultaneously inhibit the leaching of the activated cadmium to the deep soil. And finally, the super-enriched plants planted in the soil are used for absorbing and enriching the effective cadmium, and meanwhile, the growth of the plants can be promoted by using the medium-low strength electric field, so that the extraction efficiency of the plants on the heavy metals in the soil is improved, and the repair process is accelerated.
By utilizing the activation capability of the thionin to the heavy metals in the soil and the directional migration capability of the two-dimensional electric field to the heavy metals, the extraction efficiency of the super-enriched plants to the heavy metals in the soil can be effectively improved, and the leaching risk of the heavy metals in the chemical induction process is reduced.
The invention has the following advantages: (1) the bioavailability of cadmium in soil is improved by using a chemical enhancing reagent, namely thionin; (2) the cadmium in the deep soil is promoted to migrate to the root system of the plant by using the two-dimensional electric field, and the downward leaching risk of the heavy metal in the chemical induction process is reduced; (3) the remediation of deep polluted soil heavy metal by the shallow root cadmium hyper-enrichment plant is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section of soil containing cadmium contaminated soil repaired by a two-dimensional electric field combined with a hyper-enrichment plant.
FIG. 2 is a top view of a two-dimensional electric field combined with hyperaccumulator plants for remediation of cadmium contaminated soil.
1-cadmium contaminated soil in fig. 1 and 2; 2-cadmium hyperaccumulation plants; 3-an anode; 4-a cathode; 5-a solar controller; 6-solar cell module.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution result of cadmium in each layer of soil after combined remediation of thionin-two-dimensional electric field-Sedum plumbizincicola, wherein the abscissa of each group of columnar patterns is respectively the surface layer, the middle layer and the lower layer from left to right.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the absorption result of the Sedum plumbizincicola on cadmium after the combined remediation of the Thionin-two-dimensional electric field-Sedum plumbizincicola.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be better understood, we now provide further explanation of the invention with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The cadmium contaminated soil 1 is taken from a contaminated farmland in Zhang Home City, the pH value of the soil is 7.5, and the concentration of cadmium in the soil is 25 mg/kg.
Adding sulfur powder (2g/kg) into the cadmium contaminated soil 1, uniformly stirring, and then filling into a square flowerpot (length multiplied by width multiplied by height multiplied by 25cm multiplied by 20cm) filled with the contaminated soil, thereby simulating the state of applying the sulfur powder to a plough layer in practical application. Mounting electrodes, including graphite anodes 3 (25 cm long, 0.6cm diameter), stainless steel mesh cathodes 4(20cm x 10cm, 1.0cm mesh spacing) and a dc power supply, preferably using solar power including a solar module 6 and a solar controller 7 in this embodiment.
The cylindrical graphite anodes 3 (two) are vertically distributed at two ends of the flowerpot, the stainless steel net cathode 4 is vertically arranged at the middle position of the two anodes and close to the soil surface, and the structure of the stainless steel net cathode is referred to fig. 1 and fig. 2.
After the cadmium hyper-enrichment plant 2 (Sedum plumbizincicola) is artificially cultured, plants with uniform size and about 5cm in length are selected as test materials, the same number (12 plants) are taken to be inserted into the polluted soil, and electrifying treatment is carried out after the root cultivation is finished (about 15 days). The field intensity gradients were set to 5V, 10V and 15V, respectively, while the control treatment without electric field application (electrode mounting but no energization) was set. The test period was 30 days with 8 hours of power per day. In the test, deionized water is added every other day to keep the water content of the soil to be 70% of the field water capacity.
After the test is finished, the soil is divided into three layers from top to bottom, the cadmium content of each layer of soil is measured, and the absorption amount of the sedum plumbizincicola to cadmium is measured at the same time, and the results are shown in fig. 3 and 4. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the higher the applied voltage is, the more significant the cadmium migration from the bottom layer to the surface layer, wherein the absorption amount of the cadmium in the soil by the Sedum plumbizincicola is the maximum at the applied voltage of 10V, which is 5 times of that of the control without the electric field, and the leaching risk of the cadmium downward is controlled.
What has been described above is a specific embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The structure for remedying the cadmium-polluted soil by combining the thionin, the two-dimensional electric field and the plants is characterized in that: the cadmium-polluted soil remediation structure takes the thionin as a chemical remediation agent, and realizes remediation of cadmium-polluted soil by constructing a two-dimensional electric field and combining with cadmium hyperaccumulation plants, wherein the two-dimensional electric field is composed of a cathode electrode located at the horizontal position of the surface layer of the soil and an anode electrode located at the lower horizontal position, the cathode electrode is located at the midpoint of the connecting line of the two anode electrodes, the cadmium hyperaccumulation plants are planted in the horizontal interval between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, the thionin is applied to a plough layer of the polluted soil, and the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are respectively connected to a power supply system.
2. The thionin-two-dimensional electric field-plant combined remediation structure of cadmium contaminated soil of claim 1, wherein: the anode electrode is a graphite rod electrode, preferably, the graphite rod anode electrode is vertically positioned at the soil depth of 20-30cm, and the stainless steel mesh cathode electrode is vertically positioned on the soil surface layer.
3. The thionin-two-dimensional electric field-plant combined remediation structure of cadmium contaminated soil of claim 1, wherein: the cathode electrode is a stainless steel mesh electrode, and the mesh diameter of the stainless steel mesh electrode is preferably 1-2 cm.
4. The structure for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil by combining thionin, a two-dimensional electric field and plants as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the graphite rod electrode has the size of D3cm xL 30 cm.
5. The thionin-two-dimensional electric field-plant combined remediation structure of cadmium contaminated soil according to claim 3, wherein: the length of the stainless steel mesh electrode is 1m or 2m, and the width of the stainless steel mesh electrode is 10-15 cm.
6. The thionin-two-dimensional electric field-plant combined remediation structure of cadmium contaminated soil of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the two anodes is 1-2 m.
7. The thionin-two-dimensional electric field-plant combined remediation structure of cadmium contaminated soil of claim 1, wherein: the cadmium hyper-enrichment plant is any one or more of sedum alfredii hance, sedum plumbizincicola, brassica juncea, viola baccans thunb, bidens pilosa, solanum nigrum and rorippa rorifolia.
8. The thionin-two-dimensional electric field-plant combined remediation structure of cadmium contaminated soil of claim 1, wherein: the power supply system is a solar power supply system.
9. The method for remedying the cadmium-polluted soil by combining the thionin, the two-dimensional electric field and the plants is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: firstly, applying a certain amount of sulfur in cadmium-polluted soil, preferably sulfur powder, and further preferably applying the sulfur powder in an amount of 0.5-2 g/kg;
s2: laying a two-dimensional electric field in the field: vertically inserting a cathode electrode into the surface layer of the soil, vertically inserting an anode electrode into deeper soil, and horizontally, wherein the cathode electrode is positioned at the midpoint of a connecting line of the two anode electrodes; preferably, the anode electrode is a graphite rod electrode, further preferably, the graphite rod electrode has a size of D3cm × L30cm, more preferably, the graphite rod electrode is vertically inserted into the soil and has an installation depth of 20-30cm, and preferably, the cathode electrode is a stainless steel mesh cathode, further preferably, the stainless steel mesh cathode has a width of 10-15cm, a mesh diameter of 1-2cm and a length of 1m or 2 m;
and connecting the cathode and the anode to a power supply system, respectively; preferably, the power supply system is a solar power supply system, and further preferably, the solar power supply system is composed of a solar cell module and a solar controller;
s3: planting cadmium hyper-enrichment plants between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, wherein the preferred cadmium hyper-enrichment plants are any one or more of sedum nankingianum, sedum plumbizum, brassica juncea, viola baccata, Thalasia serra, Bidens pilosa, Solanum nigrum and rorippa rorifolia;
three groups of anode electrodes are arranged in parallel on the length of each linear meter, and as another preferable mode, a group of power supply systems are arranged on the length of each linear meter.
10. The method for remediating cadmium-contaminated soil by combining thionin, a two-dimensional electric field and plants as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the water content of the soil to be repaired is kept between 60 and 80 percent of the saturated water holding capacity in the field.
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| CN201911153490.8A CN110814014A (en) | 2019-11-22 | 2019-11-22 | Method and structure for repairing cadmium-polluted soil by combining thionin, two-dimensional electric field and plants |
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Cited By (6)
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| CN111872108A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-11-03 | 宋红刚 | Plant root system growth induction device based on heavy metal soil restoration technology |
| CN112474773A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-12 | 南开大学 | Device and method for strengthening soil remediation by combining plant microorganism electrochemistry and application |
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| CN115945510A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-04-11 | 中科鼎实环境工程有限公司 | Heavy metal pollution purification device and purification method applied to farmland |
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- 2019-11-22 CN CN201911153490.8A patent/CN110814014A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111872108A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-11-03 | 宋红刚 | Plant root system growth induction device based on heavy metal soil restoration technology |
| CN112474773A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-12 | 南开大学 | Device and method for strengthening soil remediation by combining plant microorganism electrochemistry and application |
| CN112474773B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-04-15 | 南开大学 | Device and method for strengthening soil remediation by combining plant microorganism electrochemistry and application |
| CN113828629A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2021-12-24 | 湖北工业大学 | Method for restoring heavy metal copper in polluted soil by combining current accumulated heavy metal copper ions with plants |
| CN115055511A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-16 | 中南林业科技大学 | Device for electrochemically strengthening microorganisms and phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by using dispersed bipolar biochar |
| CN115055511B (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-06-27 | 中南林业科技大学 | Device for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by using bipolar biochar to strengthen microorganisms and plants |
| CN115945510A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-04-11 | 中科鼎实环境工程有限公司 | Heavy metal pollution purification device and purification method applied to farmland |
| CN116060436A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-05-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Electroosmosis-wicking fabric-plant combined treatment system and method for heavy metal contaminated soil |
| CN116060436B (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-08-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Electroosmosis-wicking fabric-plant combined treatment system and method for heavy metal contaminated soil |
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