CN110813522A - Method for improving quality of flotation rare earth concentrate and mineral separation method of rare earth ore - Google Patents
Method for improving quality of flotation rare earth concentrate and mineral separation method of rare earth ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN110813522A CN110813522A CN201911058055.7A CN201911058055A CN110813522A CN 110813522 A CN110813522 A CN 110813522A CN 201911058055 A CN201911058055 A CN 201911058055A CN 110813522 A CN110813522 A CN 110813522A
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- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the quality of flotation rare earth concentrate and a rare earth ore dressing method thereof. According to the invention, by utilizing the weak magnetic property of bastnaesite, bastnaesite and other minerals, the rare earth concentrate is separated from the nonmetallic minerals in a wet magnetic separation mode, so that the grade of the rare earth concentrate is greatly improved, the grade of the obtained rare earth concentrate is improved to be more than RE 70-72% from the original RE 15-45%, and the recovery rate of RE in the flotation rare earth concentrate is more than 90%, and the problems of low grade and low recovery rate of the rare earth concentrate obtained by the existing process are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rare earth ore dressing, in particular to a method for improving the quality of flotation rare earth concentrate by using a magnetic separation method and a rare earth ore dressing method.
Background
The main mineral in some rare earth ore in Sichuan is bastnaesite, which has close relationship with the mineral symbiosis (companion) such as fluorite, barite, celestite, calcium carbonate, etc. The process selection usually depends on the inherent characteristics of minerals, high-grade rare earth concentrates are often difficult to obtain by adopting a single separation process, and the concentrate grade can be further improved by combining multiple separation processes such as heavy separation, magnetic separation, flotation separation and the like. At present, the ore dressing plant adopts a magnetic-gravity-flotation combined process flow to recover rare earth minerals, but because part of fluorite, barite, celestite, calcium carbonate and rare earth intergrowth type ores exist in ore bodies, the first magnetic separation process cannot completely separate the ores, and the flotation process provided by design does not consider the situation, so that the fluorite, the barite, celestite and calcium carbonate float upwards together when the rare earth is floated, and because the property fluctuation of raw ores is large, the fluctuation range of the grade of the flotation rare earth concentrate is 15% -45%, which is far away from the design index of the ore dressing plant.
For the above technical problems, in order to improve the grade of the rare earth concentrate, a method is often adopted in which an inhibitor is added during flotation, and other impurities are inhibited from being floated by the inhibitor, so that the grade of the concentrate is improved, however, after a plurality of tests by technicians, it is found that fluorite, barite, celestite, and calcium carbonate are symbiotic (associated) with rare earth minerals when entering a rare earth flotation process, the rare earth is inhibited by adding the inhibitor during the rare earth flotation, the grade of the rare earth concentrate during the rare earth flotation is not obviously improved, but the rare earth is greatly reduced, and obviously, the method is not feasible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the method for improving the quality of the flotation rare earth concentrate and the mineral separation method of the rare earth ore are provided, the rare earth concentrate can be separated from the nonmetallic minerals in a way of carrying out wet magnetic separation on the flotation rare earth concentrate again, so that the grade of the rare earth concentrate is greatly improved, and the problem that the grade of the rare earth concentrate obtained by the existing process is not high is solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method for improving the quality of the flotation rare earth concentrate is characterized in that the flotation concentrate is obtained after the raw material is subjected to flotation, and the rare earth concentrate is obtained after the flotation concentrate is subjected to wet magnetic separation.
In the invention, the invention is an improvement based on the original magnetic separation-gravity separation-flotation process, in the original process, when the mineral aggregate enters the flotation process, the mineral aggregate has a requirement on the granularity of the mineral aggregate, namely the mineral aggregate needs a certain dissociation degree, so that the flotation concentrate can be selected by the flotation process, if the granularity of the mineral aggregate does not meet the requirement in the flotation process, nonmetallic minerals such as fluorite, barite, celestite, calcium carbonate and the like cannot be dissociated from rare earth, the grade of the flotation selected rare earth concentrate is lower, the recovery rate of the rare earth is lower, through years of research of the inventor, although the granularity (i.e. the dissociation degree) of the mineral aggregate reaches the flotation requirement in the flotation process, most of metal minerals and nonmetallic minerals are separated, but the flotation process cannot separate the metal minerals from the nonmetallic minerals, and if the flotation concentrate (flotation tailings are basically nonmetallic minerals, therefore, the method is not considered) to carry out magnetic separation, so that the metal minerals and the nonmetal minerals in the flotation concentrate can be completely separated, the recovery rate of the rare earth is improved under the condition of not adding an inhibitor, the grade of the rare earth concentrate is also obviously improved, the grade RE (RE represents the rare earth) of the rare earth flotation concentrate can be improved to more than 70-72%, the recovery rate of the RE in the flotation rare earth concentrate is more than 90%, the design index is exceeded, and the problems in the prior art are solved.
Further, when the flotation rare earth concentrate is subjected to magnetic separation, although the requirement on the degree of dissociation of the flotation rare earth concentrate is met, the requirement on the degree of dissociation of the mineral aggregate in the original process is not changed, for example, in the original process, the degree of dissociation of the mineral aggregate subjected to flotation needs to be over 70% (for example, the particle size needs to be over 180 meshes), and when the flotation rare earth concentrate is subjected to magnetic separation by wet magnetic separation, as long as the degree of dissociation of the flotation rare earth concentrate is over 70%, the grade of the flotation rare earth concentrate can be improved to a higher level, that is, the main purpose of wet magnetic separation is to separate dissociated non-metallic minerals in the flotation rare earth concentrate, so that the aim of improving the grade of the flotation rare earth concentrate is achieved.
Furthermore, in the invention, another reason for selecting wet magnetic separation is that the rare earth concentrate from flotation is originally a wet material, so that dry magnetic separation is not suitable, and the direct wet magnetic separation can not only achieve no dust and low noise in the production process, reduce the environmental protection pressure of enterprises, but also better carry out effective magnetic separation on the wet material, and has a separation effect superior to that of dry magnetic separation, so that good economic and environmental benefits can be obtained for enterprises. Firstly, most of the rare earth concentrates can be separated out when the flotation rare earth concentrates are subjected to strong magnetic roughing, and the missed rare earth concentrates in the roughing tailings can be recovered after the remaining roughing tailings are subjected to strong magnetic scavenging, so that the rare earth recovery rate is ensured.
Further, the concentrate obtained by the strong magnetic roughing and the concentrate obtained by the strong magnetic scavenging are subjected to strong magnetic concentration to obtain rare earth concentrate, tailings obtained by the strong magnetic concentration and tailing discarding are returned to the original strong magnetic roughing flow to be subjected to continuous magnetic separation, wherein the magnetic separation strength of the strong magnetic concentration is not less than 1.2T. In order to further improve the grade of the rare earth concentrate, the concentrate obtained by the strong magnetic rough concentration and the strong magnetic scavenging is subjected to strong magnetic fine concentration so as to further separate nonmetal minerals in the concentrate, and the grade of the concentrate is improved.
Further, the wet magnetic separation equipment is preferably a wet high-gradient magnetic separator, and further preferably, the magnetic field intensity range of the wet high-gradient magnetic separator is 0-1.5T, the pulsation frequency range is 0-200 times/min, and the output frequency range of the swivel is 0-50 Hz.
Preferably, when the flotation concentrate is magnetically separated by a wet high-gradient magnetic separator, the magnetic separation strength is not less than 1.2T, the pulsation frequency is not less than 100 times/min, and the output frequency of a rotating ring is 50 Hz. Of course, the above parameters may not be used, and specific suitable parameters may be selected according to actual situations.
Furthermore, in order to reduce the influence of impurities, the grade of the flotation rare earth concentrate before wet magnetic separation should be improved as much as possible, and after a plurality of tests and summaries by technicians, the quality of the flotation concentrate is most suitable at RE 40-50% when the flotation concentrate is subjected to wet magnetic separation, the flotation concentrate can be the flotation rare earth concentrate with the grade of RE 40%, the flotation rare earth concentrate with the grade of RE 45% or the flotation rare earth concentrate with the grade of RE 49%, and specific numerical values can be selected according to actual conditions, so that the flotation parameters are not required to be specially adjusted, and the influence of the impurities on the magnetic separation during the wet magnetic separation can be reduced.
The invention also comprises a mineral separation method of the rare earth ore, which comprises the process flows of magnetic separation, gravity separation and flotation of the rare earth ore, wherein the rare earth ore is subjected to magnetic separation, gravity separation and flotation to obtain flotation concentrate, and the flotation concentrate is subjected to wet magnetic separation to obtain the rare earth concentrate. Namely, after the wet magnetic separation method is added into the original combined mineral separation process, a new combined mineral separation process for the rare earth ore is formed, the original magnetic separation-gravity separation-flotation process is changed into the magnetic separation-gravity separation-flotation-magnetic separation process, the grade of the obtained rare earth ore concentrate is finally improved from RE 40-45% to RE 70-72%, the recovery rate of RE in the flotation rare earth ore concentrate is more than 90%, the recovery rate exceeds the design index, the problems existing in the existing process are solved, and a new process is provided for the traditional combined mineral separation process for the rare earth ore.
Further, the wet magnetic separation comprises strong magnetic roughing and strong magnetic scavenging, the flotation concentrate is subjected to strong magnetic roughing and tailing discarding, the obtained roughing tailings are subjected to strong magnetic scavenging and tailing discarding to obtain strong magnetic tailings, the concentrate obtained by the strong magnetic roughing and the concentrate obtained by the strong magnetic scavenging are subjected to strong magnetic concentration to obtain rare earth concentrate, and the magnetic separation intensity of the strong magnetic roughing, the strong magnetic scavenging and the strong magnetic concentration is not less than 1.2T.
Further, the tailings obtained by strong magnetic concentration and tailing discarding are subjected to strong magnetic roughing continuously.
Further, when the flotation concentrate is subjected to wet magnetic separation, the grade of the flotation concentrate is RE 40% -45%.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method for improving the quality of the flotation rare earth concentrate and the mineral separation method of the rare earth ore, the flotation rare earth concentrate can be separated from the nonmetallic minerals in a way of carrying out wet magnetic separation again, so that the grade of the rare earth concentrate is greatly improved, and the problem that the grade of the rare earth concentrate obtained by the existing process is not high is solved;
2. according to the invention, the quality of the flotation rare earth concentrate is improved by wet magnetic separation, so that no dust and low noise are generated in the production process, the environmental protection pressure of enterprises is reduced, the wet material can be effectively magnetically separated, the separation effect is outstanding, and good economic and environmental benefits can be obtained for the enterprises;
3. the method can improve the grade of the obtained rare earth concentrate from the original RE 15-45% to RE 70-72% or more, the recovery rate of RE in the flotation rare earth concentrate is over 90%, the recovery rate exceeds the design index, and a feasible solution is provided for the traditional rare earth combined beneficiation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention for upgrading a flotation rare earth concentrate used in example 1;
figure 2 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the invention for upgrading a flotation rare earth concentrate as applied in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for improving the quality of flotation rare earth concentrate by using a magnetic separation method, and as shown in fig. 1, the method improves the grade of the flotation rare earth concentrate, increases the enterprise benefit, reduces dust noise and protects the environment. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the raw material rare earth ore is subjected to magnetic separation, gravity separation and flotation to obtain an unqualified flotation rare earth concentrate product with the grade of 49.33%, then the flotation rare earth concentrate is fed into a rough-sweeping wet-type high-gradient magnetic separation process (namely, strong-magnetic rough separation and strong-magnetic sweeping separation are carried out), the equipment model is an SLON-1250T (1.5) type vertical ring pulsating high-gradient magnetic separator, the rough-sweeping concentrate and the sweeping concentrate are combined into total concentrate, the process condition is that the magnetic field intensity is 1.5T, the pulsation frequency is 100 times/min, the treatment capacity is 3 tons/hour, the ore feeding concentration is 35%, the concentrate grade is 70.93%, and the recovery rate is 90.38%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for improving the quality of a flotation rare earth concentrate by using a magnetic separation method, as shown in fig. 2, the method improves the grade of the flotation rare earth concentrate, and increases enterprise benefits, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the raw material rare earth ore is subjected to magnetic separation, gravity separation and flotation to obtain an unqualified flotation rare earth ore concentrate product with the grade of 40.1 percent, then the flotation rare earth ore concentrate product is pulled to a magnetic separation workshop of a certain company, the magnetic separation process is rough-to-fine (namely strong magnetic rough separation, strong magnetic scavenging and strong magnetic fine separation are carried out), the equipment model of a rough wet type high-gradient magnetic separator is LHGC1250 vertical ring magnetic separator, the model of scavenging equipment is LHGC1250 vertical ring magnetic separator, the model of fine separation equipment is LHGC1000 vertical ring magnetic separator, the magnetic field strength is 1.5T, the pulse frequency is 120 times/min, the treatment capacity is 3 tons/hour, the feed concentration is 15 percent, the ore concentrate grade is 72.11 percent, and the recovery rate is 91.99 percent.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for improving the quality of the flotation rare earth concentrate is characterized in that the flotation concentrate is obtained after the raw material is subjected to flotation, and the rare earth concentrate is obtained after the flotation concentrate is subjected to wet magnetic separation.
2. The method for improving the quality of the flotation rare earth concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the wet magnetic separation comprises strong magnetic roughing and strong magnetic scavenging, the flotation concentrate is subjected to the strong magnetic roughing and tailing discarding, the obtained roughing tailings are subjected to the strong magnetic scavenging and tailing discarding to obtain strong magnetic tailings, and the magnetic separation intensity of the strong magnetic roughing and the strong magnetic scavenging is not less than 1.2T.
3. The method for improving the quality of the flotation rare earth concentrate as claimed in claim 2, wherein the concentrate obtained by the strong magnetic roughing and the concentrate obtained by the strong magnetic scavenging are subjected to strong magnetic concentration to obtain rare earth concentrate, tailings obtained by the strong magnetic concentration and tailing discarding are returned to the original strong magnetic roughing flow for continuous magnetic separation, wherein the magnetic separation intensity of the strong magnetic concentration is not less than 1.2T.
4. The method for improving the quality of the flotation rare earth concentrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wet magnetic separation equipment is a wet high gradient magnetic separator, the magnetic field intensity of the wet high gradient magnetic separator is in the range of 0-1.5T, the pulsation frequency is in the range of 0-200 times/min, and the output frequency of the swivel is in the range of 0-50 Hz.
5. The method for improving the quality of the flotation rare earth concentrate as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the flotation concentrate is magnetically separated by using a wet high-gradient magnetic separator, the magnetic separation intensity is not less than 1.2T, the pulsation frequency is not less than 100 times/min, and the output frequency of the swivel is 50 Hz.
6. The method for improving the quality of flotation rare earth concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the flotation concentrate has a grade of RE 15-45% when subjected to wet magnetic separation.
7. The ore dressing method for the rare earth ore comprises the process flows of magnetic separation, gravity separation and flotation of the rare earth ore, and is characterized in that the rare earth ore is subjected to magnetic separation, gravity separation and flotation to obtain flotation concentrate, and the flotation concentrate is subjected to wet magnetic separation to obtain the rare earth concentrate.
8. The rare earth ore dressing method according to claim 7, wherein the wet magnetic separation comprises strong magnetic roughing and strong magnetic scavenging, the flotation concentrate is subjected to strong magnetic roughing and tailing discarding, the obtained roughing tailings are subjected to strong magnetic scavenging and tailing discarding to obtain strong magnetic tailings, the concentrate obtained by the strong magnetic roughing and the concentrate obtained by the strong magnetic scavenging are subjected to strong magnetic concentration to obtain rare earth concentrate, and the magnetic separation intensity of the strong magnetic roughing, the strong magnetic scavenging and the strong magnetic concentration is not less than 1.2T.
9. A process for dressing rare-earth ore according to claim 8, wherein the tailings obtained by strong magnetic concentration and tailings discarding are subjected to strong magnetic roughing.
10. The method for beneficiating rare earth ore according to claim 7, wherein the flotation concentrate has a grade RE 15-45% when subjected to wet magnetic separation.
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| CN201911058055.7A CN110813522A (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2019-11-01 | Method for improving quality of flotation rare earth concentrate and mineral separation method of rare earth ore |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111686922A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-09-22 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Industrial ore dressing process for bayan obo complex rare earth ore |
| CN114289177A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-08 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for stably producing high-grade rare earth concentrate by using strong magnetic machine |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1403203A (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2003-03-19 | 上海第二工业大学 | Bastnaesite dressing process |
| CN102500465A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-06-20 | 广州有色金属研究院 | Benefication method for bastnaesite |
| CN104607312A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-05-13 | 乐山盛和稀土股份有限公司 | Bastnaesite beneficiation process |
| CN204583468U (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-08-26 | 乐山盛和稀土股份有限公司 | Bastnaesite ore-sorting system |
-
2019
- 2019-11-01 CN CN201911058055.7A patent/CN110813522A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1403203A (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2003-03-19 | 上海第二工业大学 | Bastnaesite dressing process |
| CN102500465A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-06-20 | 广州有色金属研究院 | Benefication method for bastnaesite |
| CN104607312A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-05-13 | 乐山盛和稀土股份有限公司 | Bastnaesite beneficiation process |
| CN204583468U (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-08-26 | 乐山盛和稀土股份有限公司 | Bastnaesite ore-sorting system |
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| Title |
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| 严伟平等: "四川某稀土尾矿综合回收利用的选矿试验研究", 《有色金属（选矿部分）》 * |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111686922A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-09-22 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Industrial ore dressing process for bayan obo complex rare earth ore |
| CN114289177A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-08 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for stably producing high-grade rare earth concentrate by using strong magnetic machine |
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