CN110812871A

CN110812871A - Safety relief device

Info

Publication number: CN110812871A
Application number: CN201810902232.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈劼; 孙钢; 张强; 张新林; 侯秋实; 葛羽平
Original assignee: SHANGHAI HUANQIU ENGINEERING Co Ltd
Current assignee: SHANGHAI HUANQIU ENGINEERING Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-08-09
Filing date: 2018-08-09
Publication date: 2020-02-21

Abstract

The invention relates to a safety relief device, which comprises an emergency relief groove, and a material relief inlet pipe and a neck relief pipe which are connected with the emergency relief groove, wherein the emergency relief groove comprises a nitrogen inlet pipe, an oxygen analyzer, a liquid level interface meter and a spray distributor, the nitrogen inlet pipe and the oxygen analyzer are arranged at the upper position of a shell of the emergency relief groove, the liquid level interface meter is arranged at the lower position of the shell of the emergency relief groove, the spray distributor is arranged at the upper position in the emergency relief groove, the material relief inlet pipe is connected to the middle part of the shell of the emergency relief groove, the material relief inlet pipe is connected with a nitrogen seal pipeline and a thermometer, and the neck relief pipe is connected to the top of the emergency relief groove. Compared with the prior art, the invention solves the problem that the accident state is not suitable for discharging the materials into the torch system in part of chemical production.

Description

Safety relief device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the fields of coal chemical industry and petrochemical industry, in particular relates to a safety discharge device for chemical production, and is particularly suitable for emergency discharge of dangerous materials in an oxidation reactor accident state in phenol-acetone production.

Background

At present, accident states in part of chemical production are not suitable for dangerous materials discharged through a torch system, and the dangerous materials are directly discharged at high altitude on the spot by part of enterprises, so that the dangerous materials are very dangerous. In addition, some enterprises discharge in high altitude through the emergency discharge groove with the fire-fighting steam pipe at the top, but the discharged dangerous materials cannot be fully condensed, most of the dangerous materials are discharged into the atmosphere, so that environmental pollution and secondary accidents are easily caused, and the accident materials cannot be recycled to cause waste of raw materials.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a safety relief device for chemical production, which solves the problem that the accident state cannot be relieved through a torch system in the chemical production, realizes the emergency relief of dangerous materials, ensures the safety production of a chemical production system, and solves the environmental protection problem of the relief of the chemical accident.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a safety relief device comprises an emergency relief groove, a material relief inlet pipe and a neck relief pipe which are connected with the emergency relief groove,

the emergency discharge groove comprises a nitrogen inlet pipe, an oxygen analyzer, a liquid level interface meter and a spray distributor, the nitrogen inlet pipe and the oxygen analyzer are arranged at the upper part of a shell of the emergency discharge groove, the liquid level interface meter is arranged at the lower part of the shell of the emergency discharge groove, the spray distributor is arranged at the upper part of the emergency discharge groove, the diameter and the height of the shell of the emergency discharge groove are determined according to the maximum amount of discharged materials, the diameter range phi is 1000mm to phi 10000mm, and the height range of a cylinder body is 8m to 30 m,

the material discharging inlet pipe is connected with the middle part of the shell of the emergency discharging groove, the material discharging inlet pipe is connected with a nitrogen seal pipeline and a thermometer, the size of the material discharging inlet pipe determines the pipe diameter range DN 200-1600 according to the maximum amount of discharged materials,

the neck discharge pipe is connected to the top of the emergency discharge groove,

dangerous discharge materials enter from the middle position of the emergency discharge groove, vapor-liquid two-phase separation is realized in the rising process, rising gas phase is sprayed and then mixed and absorbed, non-condensable gas and water vapor are discharged at high altitude through the neck discharge pipe, condensed materials are separated through standing, and the liquid level interface meter is used for controlling the materials to enter corresponding processing units for subsequent processing.

And the material discharge inlet pipe is connected with three thermometers.

The thermometer is interlocked with a shut-off valve of a spray distributor and a shut-off valve of a nitrogen inlet pipe in the emergency discharge groove.

The nitrogen seal pipeline leads nitrogen gas to exhaust air into the material discharge inlet pipe, and ensures that no air enters the safety discharge device.

The oxygen analyzer installed on the upper part of the emergency release groove is used for detecting the oxygen content in the emergency release groove, and the nitrogen gas introduction amount is increased when the oxygen content is too high, so that the oxygen is prevented from entering the emergency release groove and exploding in a certain proportion with materials.

A nitrogen inlet pipe is arranged at the upper part of the emergency discharge tank shell, and when the oxygen analyzer on the emergency discharge tank shell detects that the oxygen content exceeds a certain amount, a cut-off valve on the nitrogen inlet pipe is opened in an interlocking manner to introduce nitrogen so as to prevent explosion; when the material is discharged, the temperature of the material discharge inlet pipe rises to interlock with the cut-off valve on the nitrogen inlet pipe to feed nitrogen, so that the situation that the external air flows backwards to explode due to the negative pressure generated after the discharged material in the emergency discharge tank shell is condensed is prevented.

The spray distributor is arranged on the upper portion of the emergency discharge groove shell and consists of a spray branch pipe and nozzles communicated with the spray branch pipe, in order to guarantee the cooling effect on discharged dangerous materials, the spray distributor has an absorption function and can be further processed, 1-2 layers of spray distributors can be arranged, and the arrangement number of the nozzles ensures that the spray coverage rate of each layer is not lower than 200%.

The nozzle is a solid conical spiral nozzle, the range of the jet flow angle can be 60-170 degrees, the general size is 1/4-6 inches, liquid is changed into tiny liquid beads to be sprayed to form mist after being tangent and collided with a continuously reduced spiral surface, and the surface area of the liquid drops is increased to be beneficial to heat transfer. And meanwhile, the resistance coefficient is reduced to the minimum by the streamline design from the inlet to the outlet in the nozzle cavity.

And a liquid level interface meter is arranged at the lower part of the emergency discharge tank, the liquid level interface meter controls the solution at the bottom of the emergency discharge tank after standing and layering, and the separated material is sent to a corresponding processing unit for subsequent processing.

The cross-section of the neck discharge pipe and the connecting end of the emergency discharge groove is gradually increased from the neck discharge pipe to the emergency discharge groove, so that the whole device is similar to a beer bottle shape, certain resistance is generated on discharged materials to slow down the discharge speed of the discharged materials, and the discharged materials have enough time to perform vapor-liquid separation and cooling.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the cooling water spray is adopted to condense the discharged materials, so that the pollution of the material discharge to the atmosphere is reduced;

2. the upper part of the emergency relief groove is provided with an oxygen analyzer and a nitrogen inlet pipe, so that the external air is prevented from entering the safety relief device, and the possibility of explosion is increased;

3. the lower part of the emergency discharge tank is provided with a liquid level interface meter, so that materials which are condensed to realize oil-water stratification can be controlled by the liquid level interface meter, the water phase is subjected to wastewater treatment, and the oil phase is recycled. Reduce the waste of the process material.

4. The start-up of cooling water shower is realized through installing the thermometer interlock on the material discharge pipe, and the thermometer selects two three, guarantees to open the cooling water shower and not open the cooling water shower by mistake when normal production at ordinary times when the material is discharged.

5. The emergency discharge groove is provided with a neck discharge pipe which can generate certain resistance to the discharged materials to slow down the discharge speed of the discharged materials, so that the discharged materials have enough time for vapor-liquid separation and cooling.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the emergency relief tank;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a sprayer;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a sprayer;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an emergency cumene off-take process;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an ethoxylation product emergency relief flow scheme.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The utility model provides a chemical products production is safe discharge device for system which the structure is shown in figure 1, including material inlet pipe A of releasing, emergency release groove B and neck discharge pipe C of releasing.

The material discharge inlet pipe A comprises a nitrogen sealing pipe 2 and a thermometer 1 which are arranged at the tail ends. During normal production, nitrogen gas slowly enters the safety relief device of the chemical product production system through the nitrogen seal pipeline, and no air enters the safety relief device of the chemical product production system. Install three thermometer 1 on the import pipe of material bleeding, the thermometer sprays the distributor trip valve on with the groove shell of promptly bleeding and nitrogen gas import pipe trip valve chain on the groove shell of promptly bleeding, when the material gets into the import pipe of material bleeding, intraductal temperature risees chain opens and sprays the distributor trip valve on the groove shell of promptly bleeding and nitrogen gas import pipe on the groove shell of promptly bleeding and cools off the absorption to the material of bleeding. The material inlet pipe of releasing gets into from emergency release groove casing middle part, and the pipe diameter size confirms pipe diameter scope DN200 ~ 1600 according to the material maximum of releasing.

The emergency discharge tank B is shown in the figure 2 in the structural schematic diagram, and comprises an emergency discharge tank shell 10, a nitrogen inlet pipe orifice 3 and an oxygen analyzer 6, wherein the nitrogen inlet pipe orifice 3 and the oxygen analyzer 6 are positioned on the upper portion of the emergency discharge tank shell 10, a spray distributor 4 is arranged below the nitrogen inlet 3, the middle of the emergency discharge tank shell 10 is a material discharge inlet pipe orifice 7, the lower portion of the emergency discharge tank shell 10 is provided with a liquid level interface meter 5 and an oil phase outlet 8, and the bottom of the emergency discharge tank shell 10 is provided with a water phase outlet 9.

The oxygen analyzer positioned on the upper part of the emergency discharge groove shell is used for detecting the oxygen content in the emergency discharge groove, and the nitrogen introducing amount is increased when the oxygen content is too high, so that the oxygen is prevented from entering the emergency discharge groove and exploding in a certain proportion with the material.

A nitrogen inlet pipe orifice positioned at the upper part of the emergency discharge tank shell, and when the oxygen analyzer on the emergency discharge tank shell detects that the oxygen content exceeds a certain amount, a cut-off valve on the nitrogen inlet pipe is opened in an interlocking manner to introduce nitrogen so as to prevent explosion; when the material is discharged, the temperature of the material discharge inlet pipe rises to interlock with the cut-off valve on the nitrogen inlet pipe to feed nitrogen, so that the situation that the external air flows backwards to explode due to the negative pressure generated after the discharged material in the emergency discharge tank shell is condensed is prevented.

The spray distributor is arranged below a nitrogen inlet pipe orifice at the upper part of the shell of the emergency discharge groove, the structure of the spray distributor is shown in figures 3-4, the spray distributor is composed of a spray branch pipe 11 and spray heads 12, the spray heads select solid conical spiral spray nozzles, the size and the number of the spray branch pipe and the spray heads are determined by cold energy for condensing discharged high-temperature gas-phase materials into liquid phase, and the cross section of the emergency discharge groove is completely and uniformly covered by spray liquid for ensuring higher cooling effect and absorption effect. The structure of one layer can be adopted, as shown in fig. 3, or the arrangement mode of two layers of spray distributors can be adopted, as shown in fig. 4, the nozzles between two adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered mode. The distance between the two layers is 1-2 m, and the spraying coverage rate of each layer of spraying distributor is preferably 200-300%. The spray distributors are provided with enough nozzles, the water mist sprayed by adjacent nozzles are overlapped without gaps, so that the sprayed liquid drops completely cover the whole section of the emergency discharge groove wall, the amount of the liquid flowing along the emergency discharge groove wall is reduced as much as possible, and the direct erosion and abrasion of the spray liquid to the emergency discharge groove wall are reduced. The smaller the particle size of the spray liquid drops, the larger the contact area of the spray liquid drops with high-temperature gas-phase discharge materials, the better the cooling effect, but the too small particle size of the spray liquid drops is easy to be taken away by air flow and flushed out of a neck discharge pipe to be discharged into the atmosphere, and the taking-out speed corresponding to the particle size of the spray liquid drops is generally selected to be 2 times of the rising speed of the gas-phase materials in the emergency discharge groove.

And a liquid level interface meter is arranged at the lower part of the emergency discharge tank shell, the liquid level interface meter controls the solution at the bottom of the emergency discharge tank after standing and layering, the water phase passes through the bottom of the emergency discharge tank shell and is used for corresponding unit treatment for a water phase outlet, and the oil phase passes through an oil phase outlet at the lower part of the emergency discharge tank shell and is used for corresponding unit treatment.

The diameter and the height of the shell of the emergency discharge groove are determined according to the maximum amount of discharged materials, the diameter range phi is 1000mm to 10000mm, and the height range of the cylinder is 8m to 30 m. The neck discharge pipe C is used for discharging non-condensable gas and water vapor at high altitude. The device is connected with the shell of the emergency discharge groove at the top, so that the whole device is similar to a beer bottle shape, can generate certain resistance to discharged materials to slow down the discharge speed of the discharged materials, and has enough time for vapor-liquid separation and cooling. The diameter range phi of the neck discharge pipe is 200mm to 2000mm, and the height range is 4 m to 10 m.

And in the device starting stage, introducing nitrogen through a water phase outlet 9 at the bottom of the emergency discharge tank shell 10 to replace the air in the emergency discharge tank. When in normal production, nitrogen is slowly introduced through the material discharge inlet pipe A and the oxygen content in the emergency discharge tank is detected to be in a safe range through the oxygen analyzer 6, and if the oxygen content is higher than the safe range, the nitrogen introduction amount is increased through the nitrogen inlet 3 at the upper part of the emergency discharge tank shell 10. When an accident happens, the discharged high-temperature gas-liquid two-phase material enters through the material inlet pipe orifice 7 in the middle of the emergency discharge groove shell 10, the temperature interlock is triggered to open the spray water switch valve and the nitrogen switch valve on the upper portion of the emergency discharge groove, and the material inlet pipe orifice 7 extends into the inner pipe orifice of the emergency discharge groove to prevent the discharged high-temperature gas-liquid two-phase material from directly impacting the container wall. The high-temperature gas-liquid two-phase material of releasing, it is two-phase separation of vapour and liquid to realize in the ascending in-process in the groove of promptly releasing, the high-temperature gas phase material that rethread urgent release groove casing 10 upper portion double-deck spray water that distributor 4 spouts that sprays down condenses the high temperature gas phase material of releasing, open the nitrogen gas import 3 on urgent release groove casing 10 upper portion simultaneously and let in nitrogen gas, firstly slow down its discharge velocity in order to produce certain resistance to the material of releasing, it carries out vapour-liquid separation and cooling in enough time to make it, secondly in order to prevent that the last section of releasing from producing the negative pressure because of the material of releasing reduces and leading to the air to flow backward into in the groove of promptly releasing and contact with the material. Finally, non-condensable gas and water vapor are discharged into the atmosphere through a neck discharge pipe C at the top of the emergency discharge tank shell 10, the condensed materials are stood for a period of time to realize oil-water layering, the control is performed through a liquid level interface meter, the water phase is subjected to wastewater treatment, and the oil phase is recycled.

Example 2

The invention was applied to an emergency bleed system for a cumene oxidation reactor of 40 million tons/year phenol 25 million tons/acetone project, as shown in fig. 5.

Discharging material condition: the gas state, containing 92.6 wt% of isopropyl benzene, the relief pressure of 0.75MPaG, the relief temperature of 269 ℃, the maximum relief amount of 20223kg/h and the maximum relief time of 20 min;

cooling and spraying conditions: the temperature of spray water is 30 ℃, the spray amount is 68m3/h, the distance between two layers of spray distributors is 1.5m, and the condition of a spray head is ensured; selecting 12 solid conical spiral nozzles, the spraying angle of the nozzles is 120 degrees, the size of the nozzles is 1/2 degrees, the flow rate is 95L/min (under the condition of 3bar water pressure), and the particle size of sprayed liquid drops is 0.8-1.0 mm (average particle size);

description of the functional process:

the size of the material discharge inlet pipe is 48', the material enters from the middle position of the emergency discharge groove, and the size of the emergency discharge groove isLiquid phase carried by the discharged material in the ascending process in the emergency discharge groove is collected at the bottom of the emergency discharge groove, and the ascending gas phase is condensed by spraying water sprayed by the double-layer spraying distributor at the upper part of the emergency discharge groove shell. Finally, non-condensable gas and water vapor are discharged into the atmosphere through a neck discharge pipe at the top of the emergency discharge groove shell, and the size of the neck discharge pipe is equal to

Condensed downThe materials are kept stand for a period of time to realize oil-water layering, the water phase is pumped to a tank area wastewater tank through a pump to be collected and treated by being controlled by a liquid level interface meter, and the oil phase (mainly cumene) is converged into an underground tank of the unit through gravity flow to be collected and treated.

Example 3

The invention is applied to an emergency relief system for a reactor of the 12 ten thousand ton/year non-ionic surfactant project, as shown in fig. 6.

Discharging material condition: the bleed material is ethoxylation product, the bleed pressure is 6MPaG, the bleed temperature is 160 ℃, the maximum bleed amount is 8900kg/h, and the maximum bleed time is 20 min;

cooling and spraying conditions: the temperature of spray water is 30 ℃, the spray amount is 57m3/h, the distance between two layers of spray distributors is 1.5m, and the condition of spray heads is ensured; selecting 10 solid conical spiral nozzles, the spraying angle of the nozzles is 120 degrees, the size of the nozzles is 1/2 degrees, the flow rate is 95L/min (under the condition of 3bar water pressure), and the particle size of sprayed liquid drops is 0.8-1.0 mm (average particle size);

description of the functional process:

the size of the material discharge inlet pipe is 12', the material enters from the middle position of the emergency discharge groove, and the size of the emergency discharge groove isLiquid phase carried by the discharged material in the ascending process in the emergency discharge groove is collected at the bottom of the emergency discharge groove, and the ascending gas phase is condensed by spraying water sprayed by the double-layer spraying distributor at the upper part of the emergency discharge groove shell. Finally, non-condensable gas and water vapor are discharged into the atmosphere through a neck discharge pipe at the top of the emergency discharge groove shell, and the size of the neck discharge pipe is equal to

The condensed materials are kept stand for a period of time to realize oil-water layering, the water phase is pumped to a tank area wastewater tank through a pump to be collected and treated by the control of a liquid level interface meter, and the oil phase (mainly ethoxylated products) is converged into an underground tank of the unit through gravity flow to be collected and treated.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A safety relief device is characterized in that the device comprises an emergency relief groove, a material relief inlet pipe and a neck relief pipe which are connected with the emergency relief groove,

the emergency discharge tank comprises a nitrogen inlet pipe, an oxygen analyzer, a liquid level interface meter and a spray distributor, wherein the nitrogen inlet pipe and the oxygen analyzer are arranged at the upper part of the shell of the emergency discharge tank, the liquid level interface meter is arranged at the lower part of the shell of the emergency discharge tank, the spray distributor is arranged at the upper part of the emergency discharge tank,

the material discharge inlet pipe is connected with the middle part of the shell of the emergency discharge groove, the material discharge inlet pipe is connected with a nitrogen seal pipeline and a thermometer,

2. A safety vent according to claim 1, wherein three thermometers are connected to the material venting inlet tube.

3. A safety vent apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the thermometer is interlocked with a shut-off valve of a spray distributor and a shut-off valve of a nitrogen inlet pipe in the emergency vent tank.

4. The safety vent of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen seal conduit provides nitrogen purge air into the material vent inlet tube.

5. The safety vent of claim 1, wherein the spray distributor is disposed at an upper portion of the emergency vent housing and comprises a spray branch and a nozzle connected to the spray branch.

6. A safety vent apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said nozzle is a solid conical spiral nozzle.

7. A safety vent according to claim 1, 5 or 6, wherein the spray distributor is distributed with 1-2 layers.

8. A safety vent apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the connecting end of the neck vent tube and the emergency vent groove increases from the neck vent tube to the emergency vent groove.