CN110808465A - High-wave-transmittance radome and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
High-wave-transmittance radome and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110808465A CN110808465A CN201910925516.XA CN201910925516A CN110808465A CN 110808465 A CN110808465 A CN 110808465A CN 201910925516 A CN201910925516 A CN 201910925516A CN 110808465 A CN110808465 A CN 110808465A
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001175 rotational moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
- H01Q1/422—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
- H01Q1/422—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material
- H01Q1/424—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material comprising a layer of expanded material
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- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material forming, and discloses a high-wave-transmittance radome and a preparation process thereof aiming at the problems of high dielectric constant and low wave transmittance of the whole radome in a broadband range in the prior art, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 20-80% of polyethylene functional powder and 20-80% of polyethylene foaming micro-beads; the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps: extruding and granulating polyethylene functional powder to obtain granules, and crushing the granules; extruding polyethylene foaming micro-beads, wherein the diameter of an extrusion opening die hole is 0.4-8 mm; mixing polyethylene functional powder and polyethylene foaming micro-beads; putting the mixed material into a rotational molding die of the radome; and heating and molding the die. The composite material with high wave-transmitting rate is manufactured, the material is fed once and processed in a rotational molding mode, and the radome with a composite structure can be formed at one time, and has a low dielectric constant and high wave-transmitting rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material forming, in particular to a high-wave-transmittance radome and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The radome is a window of electromagnetic waves and has the functions of protecting the antenna and preventing the environment from influencing and interfering the working state of the radar antenna, thereby reducing the power for driving the antenna to operate, improving the working reliability of the antenna and ensuring the all-weather operation of the radar antenna. The radome needs to have substantial strength and toughness to support its structure, requires good weather resistance and a long life, and has the core requirement of high wave-transmitting rate and reduction of electromagnetic wave loss so that the detection distance is as far as possible.
At present, various technical schemes are applied to the radar cover, such as glass fiber reinforced plastic composite materials (CN108847531A and CN107022170A), ceramics (CN107935612A), polycarbonate (CN109265958A), polyolefin fiber weaving (CN103442882A), polyolefin plate splicing (CN103429419A), cross-linked ultrahigh molecular polyethylene fiber weaving (CN104846446A) or a multilayer honeycomb mixed structure (CN109490836A) and the like.
The technical schemes have the defects that the manufacturing process of the glass fiber reinforced plastic material is not environment-friendly, the damage cannot be repaired, the ceramic is fragile, the polycarbonate is not resistant to hydrolysis, the multilayer honeycomb structure and the fiber weaving process are complex, the splicing joint of the plates is difficult to process, and the like.
Particularly, in the prior art, the dielectric constant of the whole radome is high (epsilon is more than or equal to 2), and the wave-transparent rate is difficult to exceed 95% in a wide frequency range of 1-10 GHz.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems of higher dielectric constant and low wave-transmitting rate of the whole radome in a broadband range in the prior art, and provides a high-wave-transmitting rate radome and a preparation process thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-wave-transmittance radome is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-80% of polyethylene functional powder and 20-80% of polyethylene foaming micro-beads.
Although the polyethylene has a high dielectric constant (epsilon is 2.2), the polyethylene has room for further improvement, the main factor influencing the dielectric constant of the polyethylene is the content of metal ions in the polyethylene, and when the content of the metal ions is less than or equal to 3000ppm, the dielectric constant of the polyethylene in a frequency band of 1-10GHz is obviously reduced and can reach about 1.9. The metal ions in the polyethylene are mainly left in catalyst residues, added antioxidants, weather-resistant agents, lubricants, opening agents, pigments and the like, and the polyethylene material with the dielectric constant less than or equal to 2.0 in the frequency range of 1-10GHz can be obtained by controlling the synthesis process and the variety of additives.
In addition, by introducing air into the material, the dielectric constant of the material can be further reduced. In general, it is common practice to lower the dielectric constant by foaming techniques, but the use of foam alone is not sufficient to support the mechanical properties required for radomes. In the prior art, the multilayer composite material is mostly prepared by processes of hand pasting, extrusion, adhesion and the like to reinforce the foam material, and the process is complex and has more defects. Therefore, the polyethylene foamed microspheres are prepared by controlling the content of metal ions in the material, and the dielectric constant of the polyethylene foamed microspheres can reach 1.1 at the lowest.
The radar cover and the dielectric constant of the radar cover are reduced by reducing the dielectric constants of the polyethylene functional powder and the polyethylene foamed microspheres respectively, so that the wave transmission rate of the radar cover is improved, wherein the polyethylene foamed microspheres of the inner wave transmission layer have better electromagnetic wave transmittance, and the polyethylene functional powder of the outer protective layer has better compactness, so that the inner wave transmission layer can be protected from external rainwater and environmental climate change.
Preferably, the radome is a double-layer structure prepared by one-step feeding through a rotational molding process, and comprises an outer protective layer and polyethylene foam beads, wherein the outer protective layer is polyethylene functional powder.
The dielectric constant of the material can be further reduced by introducing air into the material for the polyethylene foamed micro-beads. In general, it is common practice to reduce the dielectric constant by foaming technology, and the polyethylene foam beads of the inner wave-transmitting layer have good electromagnetic wave transmittance, but the foam material used alone is not enough to support the mechanical properties required by the radome, so the outer protective layer is introduced.
The outer protective layer is polyethylene functional powder, the dielectric constant of polyethylene is higher, after the content of metal ions is further controlled and reduced, the dielectric constant of the polyethylene functional powder is obviously reduced, the polyethylene functional powder of the outer protective layer has better compactness, so that the radar cover can play a better mechanical supporting role, the radar cover is protected from the influence of external rainwater and environmental climate change, the dielectric constant and the dielectric constant of the radar cover are reduced by reducing the dielectric constants of the polyethylene functional powder and the polyethylene foaming microbeads respectively, and the wave transmittance of the radar cover is further improved.
Preferably, the air bubble holes are contained, and the sizes of the air bubble holes are gradually increased from inside to outside.
The air hole gradient is arranged in the air hole, the size of the air hole is increased from inside to outside, the consistency of transmission angles can be ensured in the process of transmitting electromagnetic waves, the concentration degree of electromagnetic wave energy is increased, and the phenomenon that the electromagnetic waves are dispersed to weaken the signal acquisition capability and the detection distance of the electromagnetic waves is avoided.
A preparation process of a high-wave-transmittance radome comprises the following preparation steps:
a. extruding and granulating polyethylene functional powder to obtain granules, and crushing the granules;
b. extruding polyethylene foaming micro-beads, wherein the diameter of an extrusion opening die hole is 0.4-8 mm;
c. mixing the polyethylene functional powder and the polyethylene foaming micro-beads for 3-10 min;
d. putting the mixed material into a rotational molding die of the radome;
e. and heating the mold for molding, wherein the heating furnace temperature is 240-300 ℃, the rotating speed is 10-20rpm, the heating time is 20-40min, and the cooling time is 20-40 min.
Rotational molding is a processing mode for producing large-scale and special-shaped hollow plastic products, and double-layer rotational molding products with polyethylene as an outer protective layer and foamed polyethylene as an inner wave-transmitting layer can be produced by a secondary feeding mode. The production method of the technology can be used for further manufacturing the polyethylene foamed micro-beads into micro-foamed micro-beads, and under the high-speed rotational molding processing technology, the radome with the double-layer structure, wherein the outer protective layer is made of the polyethylene functional material, and the inner wave-transmitting layer is made of the foamed polyethylene material, can be produced by one-time feeding.
The radome prepared by the technical scheme controls the density of the foaming inner wave-transmitting layer through a rotational molding processing technology, the average dielectric constant of the composite structure in a 1-10GHz frequency band can be as low as 1.2, and the lowest wave-transmitting rate can reach 98% under an incident angle of 30-60 degrees.
Preferably, the particle size D95 of the polyethylene functional powder is less than or equal to 0.6mm, the particle size D10 is more than or equal to 0.1mm, and the total content of metal ions is less than or equal to 3000 ppm.
Preferably, the particle size D95 of the polyethylene functional powder is less than or equal to 0.5mm, the particle size D10 is more than or equal to 0.15mm, and the total content of metal ions is less than or equal to 1000 ppm.
Preferably, the particle diameter D95 of the polyethylene foam beads is less than or equal to 10mm, the D5 is more than or equal to 0.5mm, the sphericity is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the density before molding is 0.80-0.93g/cm3The density after molding is less than or equal to 0.66g/cm3The total content of metal ions is less than or equal to 3000 ppm.
The total content of metal ions can be controlled within a reasonable range and is used for reducing the dielectric property of the material, and in the technical scheme, the total content of the metal ions is obtained by carrying out metal element full-scanning according to GB/T6041; the sphericity represents the volume of the particles closer to the sphere, the higher the sphericity indicates better uniformity in the circumferential direction of the particles, the larger the specific surface area, the stronger the surface adhesion capability, and the stronger the integrity of the formed material.
Preferably, the particle diameter D95 of the polyethylene foam beads is not less than 4mm, the D5 is not less than 2mm, the sphericity is not less than 90 percent, and the density before molding is 0.82-0.87g/cm3The density after molding is less than or equal to 0.2g/cm3The total content of metal ions is less than or equal to 1000 ppm.
Preferably, the metal ions include ions formed from all elements listed in the periodic table as metals and transition elements.
Preferably, the extrusion temperature in step b is 130-180 ℃.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an inner wave-transmitting layer 1.1, a bubble hole 2 and an outer protective layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
Extruding and granulating a low-metal-content polyethylene functional material (LLD120, Zhejiang Ruitang) in a double-screw extruder, wherein distilled water is used as cooling water, and grinding the mixture on a plastic grinding machine to obtain powder with D95 being 0.5mm and D10 being 0.15mm, wherein the total content of metal ions in the powder is 927 ppm; extruding the polyethylene foaming material (LLD480, Zhejiang Ruitang) in a water-cooling ground surface cutting extruder, wherein the diameter of a die hole is 4mm, the extrusion temperature is 160 ℃, and the prepared material has the advantages of D95 being 3mm, D5 being 2.5mm, the sphericity being 98%, and the density being 0.85g/cm3Mixing 5Kg of polyethylene functional powder and 5Kg of polyethylene foaming micro-beads, and then putting the mixture into a rotational molding die, and performing rotational molding under the conditions that the furnace temperature is 280 ℃, the rotating speed is 15rpm, the speed ratio is 1:4, the heating time is 30min, and the cooling time is 30 min.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the heating time for rotational moulding was 40 min.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the rotomoulding heating time is 20 min.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the rotomoulding oven temperature is 240 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 3 is that the total metal ion content of the polyethylene functional powder and the polyethylene foamed beads is 5214 ppm.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the polyethylene foam beads had a sphericity of 75% and a density of 0.93g/cm3。
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that 8.5Kg of polyethylene functional powder and 1.5Kg of polyethylene foam beads are mixed and put into a mold.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that 1.5Kg of polyethylene functional powder and 8.5Kg of polyethylene foam beads are mixed and put into a die.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that only polyethylene is used, the total content of metal ions is 5214ppm, and the feeding amount is 11.7 Kg.
Through test comparison, the results are as follows:
conclusion analysis:
all the numerical values of the embodiments 1 to 4 are within the reasonable range of the invention, so that the radome structural material with low dielectric property, high wave transmittance and good mechanical property can be obtained.
In the comparative example 1, the total content of metal ions in the polyethylene functional powder and the polyethylene foam beads is too high, so that the dielectric property of the material is influenced, and the dielectric property of the final material is too high, so that the wave transmittance of the radome is obviously reduced.
Compared with the comparative example 2, the polyethylene foamed microspheres have smaller sphericity, so that the thickness of the wave-transmitting layer in the formed radome is larger, the outer protective layer has foamed material leakage points, the density is greatly reduced, and the mechanical property and the wave-transmitting rate of the radome are greatly reduced.
Comparative example 3 and comparative example 4, polyethylene functional powder and polyethylene foam beads are not mixed according to a preset proportion and are put into a mould, the content of the polyethylene foam beads in the comparative example 3 is too low, an inner wave-transmitting layer cannot be uniformly covered, the content of the polyethylene functional powder in the comparative example 4 is too low, an outer protective layer cannot be uniformly covered, a large amount of foam bodies of the inner wave-transmitting layer leak, the mechanical property of the radome is reduced due to proportion unbalance, and finally the overall mechanical property and wave-transmitting rate of the radome are reduced.
The radar covers obtained in the comparative examples 2, 3 and 4 are unqualified, and the wave transmittance of the radar cover does not need to be measured.
Comparative example 5, only polyethylene was used, the total metal ion content was 5214ppm, and since only the outer protective layer structure was used and the radome structure was a non-polyethylene functional material, the radome structure did not have a polyethylene foamed inner wave-transmitting layer, and the resulting radome wave-transmitting rate was greatly reduced.
From the data of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-5, it can be seen that only the solution within the scope of the claims of the present invention can satisfy the above requirements in all aspects, resulting in an optimized solution and a high-transmissivity radome with optimal performance. The change of the mixture ratio, the replacement/addition/subtraction of raw materials or the change of the feeding sequence can bring corresponding negative effects.
The raw materials and equipment used in the invention are common raw materials and equipment in the field if not specified; the methods used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, alterations and equivalents of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-wave-transmittance radome is characterized in that the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 20-80% of polyethylene functional powder and 20-80% of polyethylene foaming micro-beads.
2. The radome of claim 1 is a double-layer structure prepared by one-time feeding through rotational molding process, and comprises an inner wave-transmitting layer (1) and an outer protective layer (2), wherein the inner wave-transmitting layer (1) is polyethylene foam beads, and the outer protective layer (2) is polyethylene functional powder.
3. A radome in accordance with claim 2 wherein the inner wave-transparent layer (1) contains pores (1.1) of increasing size from the inside to the outside.
4. A process for preparing a radome of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a. extruding and granulating polyethylene functional powder to obtain granules, and crushing the granules;
b. extruding polyethylene foaming micro-beads, wherein the diameter of an extrusion opening die hole is 0.4-8 mm;
c. mixing the polyethylene functional powder and the polyethylene foaming micro-beads for 3-10 min;
d. putting the mixed material into a rotational molding die of the radome;
e. and heating the mold for molding, wherein the heating furnace temperature is 240-300 ℃, the rotating speed is 10-20rpm, the heating time is 20-40min, and the cooling time is 20-40 min.
5. The process for preparing the radome with high wave-transmitting rate according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the particle size of the polyethylene functional powder D95 is not more than 0.6mm, the particle size of the polyethylene functional powder D10 is not less than 0.1mm, and the total content of metal ions is not more than 3000 ppm.
6. The process for preparing the radome with high wave-transmitting rate according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the particle size of the polyethylene functional powder D95 is not more than 0.5mm, the particle size of the polyethylene functional powder D10 is not less than 0.15mm, and the total content of metal ions is not more than 1000 ppm.
7. The process for preparing a radome with high wave-transmitting rate according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the particle size of the polyethylene foam beads D95 is not more than 10mm, D5 is not less than 0.5mm, the sphericity is not less than 80%, and the density before molding is 0.80-0.93g/cm3The density after molding is less than or equal to 0.66g/cm3The total content of metal ions is less than or equal to 3000 ppm.
8. The process for preparing a radome with high wave-transmitting rate according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the particle size of the polyethylene foam beads D95 is not more than 4mm, D5 is not less than 2mm, the sphericity is not less than 90%, and the density before molding is 0.82-0.87g/cm3The density after molding is less than or equal to 0.2g/cm3The total content of metal ions is less than or equal to 1000 ppm.
9. The process of claim 5 or 6, wherein the metal ions comprise ions of all elements listed as metals and transition elements in the periodic table.
10. The process for preparing a radome of claim 4 wherein the extrusion temperature in step b is 130-180 ℃.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113290879A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-08-24 | 江苏集萃先进高分子材料研究所有限公司 | Preparation method of integrated multilayer broadband high-wave-permeability microporous foam material |
| CN113290879B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-08-23 | 江苏集萃先进高分子材料研究所有限公司 | Preparation method of integrated multilayer broadband high-wave-permeability microporous foam material |
| CN113635480A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-12 | 上海春阳滚塑制品有限公司 | Plastic product processing technology |
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| CN110808465B (en) | 2021-02-02 |
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Denomination of invention: A high transmittance radome and its preparation process Effective date of registration: 20221129 Granted publication date: 20210202 Pledgee: China Construction Bank Corporation Cixi sub branch Pledgor: ZHEJIANG ROTOUN PLASTIC TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022330003313 |
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Address after: 315323 588 Industrial Avenue, Shengshan Town, Cixi City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: ZHEJIANG ROTOUN PLASTIC TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 315323 588 Industrial Avenue, Shengshan Town, Cixi City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: ZHEJIANG ROTOUN PLASTIC TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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