CN110808349A - Preparation method of lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in wide temperature range - Google Patents

Preparation method of lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in wide temperature range Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110808349A
CN110808349A CN201910934220.4A CN201910934220A CN110808349A CN 110808349 A CN110808349 A CN 110808349A CN 201910934220 A CN201910934220 A CN 201910934220A CN 110808349 A CN110808349 A CN 110808349A
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China
Prior art keywords
lithium ion
temperature range
ion battery
hydrogen phosphate
pvdf
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CN201910934220.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
蒋国强
孙百亚
吴晓明
姜伟伟
万鹏
梁国成
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Jiangsu Hundred Sichuan High Science And Technology New Materials Ltd By Share Ltd
Nantong Hundred Sichuan New Materials Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Hundred Sichuan High Science And Technology New Materials Ltd By Share Ltd
Nantong Hundred Sichuan New Materials Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910934220.4A priority Critical patent/CN110808349A/en
Publication of CN110808349A publication Critical patent/CN110808349A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/403Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411Organic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/431Inorganic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in a wide temperature range, which comprises the steps of dispersing zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder in PVDF-HFP-acetone solution with certain concentration, mixing at high speed for 3-10min, uniformly coating the mixture on two sides of a commercially available polyolefin diaphragm by using a scraper, and evaporating and drying acetone to obtain the lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in the wide temperature range. The invention has the advantages that: according to the preparation method of the lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in the wide temperature range, the inorganic coating is uniformly coated on the two surfaces of the conventional organic diaphragm by selecting a proper inorganic coating material and using a simple mechanical coating method, so that the problem of poor wettability of a PC-based electrolyte and the organic diaphragm can be solved, and the high and low temperature capacity can be improved; and simultaneously, the heat resistance of the separator and the safety performance of the battery are improved.

Description

Preparation method of lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in wide temperature range
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in a wide temperature range.
Background
Lithium ion batteries have been commercialized since 1990 by Sony corporation of japan to have a recent history of over 20 years. Because of higher volumetric energy, gravimetric energy and good environmental protection, the battery gradually replaces the traditional lead-acid battery, Ni-Cd and MH-Ni battery, and is widely used in portable 3C electronic equipment such as mobile phones, notebook computers and the like, thereby rapidly occupying a large market and rapidly developing. With the demand for smaller, lighter, and thinner electronic products becoming stronger in recent years, in addition to the pursuit of lower prices, the pursuit of higher energy density is a strong driving force for improving electronic products. In addition, the development of lithium ion batteries for electric tools, electric bicycles and automobiles is an industry with great investment in various countries in recent years, and the successful development in the field can relieve increasingly tense petroleum resources, so the lithium ion batteries have high international economic strategic significance. In practical application, the service temperature range of the power battery is required to be relatively wide (-30-60 ℃), and the service life is required to be very long (10-15 years). The conventional electrolyte contains considerable amounts of relatively high-melting-point solvents such as EC and DMC, so that the freezing point of the electrolyte is relatively high, and the low-temperature application is limited. In addition, some solvents such as DMC have low EMC boiling point and high volatility, which easily causes swelling and gassing of the battery, thereby limiting high temperature applications. Compared with EC, PC has wider liquid temperature range (-49 ℃ -248 ℃) and relatively higher dielectric constant (64.92 at 25 ℃), and high flash point (133 ℃), and in addition, the room-temperature viscosity of PC is medium (2.53mPa), so PC is a very good cosolvent, the application temperature range of the lithium ion battery can be widened when the PC is applied to the electrolyte, and the battery safety can be improved.
The PC has a relatively high dielectric constant and thus a relatively high polarity, so that the compatibility of the PC-based electrolyte and the organic polyolefin diaphragm with a low polarity is poor, and the main problem is that the wettability is not ideal, so that the charging and discharging of the corresponding battery are difficult. This problem is more serious at low temperatures. Thus limiting the wide temperature range of applications for PC-based electrolytes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a diaphragm for a lithium ion battery, which is applied in a wide temperature range, and not only can improve the wettability with a PC-based electrolyte and improve the cycle capacity, but also can improve the heat resistance of the diaphragm, so that the safety performance of the battery is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of a lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in a wide temperature range, which can effectively solve the problems of difficult battery charging and discharging and obvious capacity attenuation caused by poor wettability of the existing organic polyolefin diaphragm and PC-based electrolyte, and simultaneously improve the safety performance of the battery and the heat resistance of the diaphragm.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in a wide temperature range has the innovation points that: dispersing zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder in PVDF-HFP-acetone solution with a certain concentration, mixing at a high speed for 3-10min, uniformly coating the mixture on two sides of a commercially available polyolefin diaphragm by using a scraper, and evaporating and drying the acetone to obtain the lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in a wide temperature range.
Furthermore, the crystal form zirconium hydrogen phosphate with the granularity range of 5-1000nm and the purity range of 99.5-99.9% is selected as the zirconium hydrogen phosphate.
Furthermore, the crystal form zirconium hydrogen phosphate with the granularity range of 20-600nm and the purity range of 99.5-99.9% is selected as the zirconium hydrogen phosphate.
Further, the PVDF-HFP is powdery or granular, and the average weight average molecular weight is 400,000-455,000; the average molecular weight is in the range of 110,000-130,000.
Furthermore, in the PVDF-HFP-acetone solution, acetone with the purity not less than 99.5% is selected as the acetone, and the molar ratio of the PVDF-HFP to the acetone is 1: 7-1: 11.
Further, the thickness range of the PVDF-HFP/zirconium hydrogen phosphate coating layer is 1-5 um, and the molar ratio of the PVDF-HFP to the zirconium hydrogen phosphate in the coating layer is 19: 1-1: 1.
further, the thickness range of the PVDF-HFP/zirconium hydrogen phosphate coating layer is 1-2 um, and the molar ratio of the PVDF-HFP to the zirconium hydrogen phosphate in the coating layer is 9: 1-2: 3.
further, mixing the zirconium hydrogen phosphate and the PVDF-HFP glue solution at the rotating speed of 800-1000 rpm.
Further, the zirconium hydrogen phosphate is subjected to high-temperature vacuum drying treatment before being mixed with the glue solution, the temperature range is 150-200 ℃, and the time is 2-6 hours.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the preparation method of the lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in the wide temperature range, the inorganic coating is uniformly coated on the two surfaces of the conventional organic diaphragm by selecting a proper inorganic coating material and using a simple mechanical coating method, so that the problem of poor wettability of a PC-based electrolyte and the organic diaphragm can be solved, and the high and low temperature capacity can be improved; and simultaneously, the heat resistance of the separator and the safety performance of the battery are improved.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a case where a separator of a comparative example is in contact with an electrolyte solution in several sizes.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the case where the separator of example 1 is in contact with an electrolyte solution in several sizes.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the case where the separator is in contact with the electrolyte solution in several sizes according to example 2.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the tendency of the membranes of comparative example, example 1 and example 2 to have a circulating capacity of-20 ℃.
FIG. 5 shows the appearance of a separator of a comparative example before high-temperature treatment.
FIG. 6 shows the appearance of the separator of example 1 before high-temperature treatment.
FIG. 7 shows the appearance of the separator of example 2 before high-temperature treatment.
Fig. 8 shows the appearance of the separator of the comparative example after the high-temperature treatment.
FIG. 9 shows the appearance of the separator of example 1 after high-temperature treatment.
FIG. 10 shows the appearance of the separator of example 2 after high-temperature treatment.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the tendency of the membranes of comparative example, example 1 and example 2 to have a circulating capacity of-20 ℃.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments described herein.
Example 1
PVDF-co-HFP particles (Mn 130,000, Mw 400,000, sigma-Aldrich) were dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 2 hours, dissolved in acetone (99.5%) in a high-speed stirrer at 200rpm (PVDF-co-HFP: acetone 1: 9) to prepare a PVDF-co-HFP colloidal solution having a concentration of 10%, treated with α -zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder (99.9%) in a vacuum oven at 200 ℃ for 5 hours, then cooled to room temperature, 150g of the treated zirconium hydrogen phosphate and 8500g of the PVDF-co-HFP colloidal solution having the concentration of 10% were weighed and mixed in a high-speed mixer at 1000rpm for 5 minutes to prepare a mixed solution, the mixed solution was uniformly coated on one side of a commercially available PE separator with a mechanical coater, the acetone was evaporated and dried, and then coated on the other side of the separator, and the both sides of the separator were coated to a thickness of 1.5 um. to prepare example 1, in which the ratio of zirconium hydrogen phosphate and PVDF-co-HPF was 3: 17.
Example 2
PVDF-co-HFP particles (Mn 110,000, Mw 455,000, sigma-Aldrich) were dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 2 hours, dissolved in acetone (99.5%) in a high-speed stirrer at 200rpm (PVDF-co-HFP: acetone 1: 9) to prepare a PVDF-co-HFP dope having a concentration of 10%, treated with α -zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder (99.9%) in a vacuum oven at 200 ℃ for 5 hours, then cooled to room temperature, and 200g of the treated zirconium hydrogen phosphate and 8000g of the PVDF-co-HFP dope having the concentration of 10% were weighed and mixed in a high-speed mixer at 1000rpm for 5 minutes to prepare a mixed solution, the mixed solution was uniformly coated on one side of a commercially available PE separator with a mechanical coater, the acetone was evaporated and dried, and then coated on the other side, and the separator was coated on both sides to a thickness of 1.5 um. to prepare example 1 in which the ratio of zirconium hydrogen phosphate and PVDF-co-HFP was 1: 4.
The comparative example is a commercial PE membrane (Shenzhen star source, 16 um).
Preparing a PC-based electrolyte: the PC-based electrolyte was prepared in a glove box filled with argon gas of 99.999% purity, and the moisture and O in the glove box2Is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.1 ppm. 17.16g of EC (99.95%), 51.48g of PC (99.95%), 17.16g of DEC (99.95%) are uniformly mixed for half an hour, then placed in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for standing for half an hour, taken out, added with 11.71g of LiPF6 (99.9%) for full dissolution, then added with 1.5g of VC (99.5%), 1.0g of LiBOB (99%) lithium bis (oxalato) borate, and uniformly mixed to form a PC-based electrolyte containing 1.0mol/L of LiPF 6.
Buckle electricity making
6% PVDF900(Akema) glue solution is prepared, and NMP is used as a solvent. Then 90% of NCM523 positive electrode material (Hu nan fir T31D), 5% of superconducting carbon black (SP, Timcal) and 5% of NMP-PVDF glue solution are respectively weighed and fully mixed to prepare uniform slurry, and the uniform slurry is prepared into the positive electrode piece after coating, drying and rolling. Then, 90% of graphite negative electrode material (BTR, S360-LN), 4.5% of superconducting carbon black (SP, Timcal) SP and NMP-PVDF glue solution containing 5.5% of PVDF are respectively weighed and fully mixed to prepare uniform slurry, and the uniform slurry is coated, dried and rolled to prepare the negative electrode plate. The NCM523 pole piece is used as a positive pole, the graphite pole piece is used as a negative pole, and the NCM523 pole piece, the diaphragm of the embodiments 1 and 2, the diaphragm of the comparative example and the prepared PC-based electrolyte 1 are assembled into a 2032 button type full cell in a glove box filled with argon gas. And testing the high and low temperature cycle performance.
Associated test data
1. Low temperature (-20 ℃) wettability test data: after the separator of comparative example and the separators of examples 1 and 2 and the PC-based electrolyte were allowed to stand in a refrigerator at-20 ℃ for 1 hour, 3 drops of the electrolyte were dropped into each of the separators to observe the contact angle between the electrolyte and the separator, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, it was apparent that the separators of examples 1 and 2 and the PC-based electrolyte had better wettability at low temperature (the area of the PC-based electrolyte penetrated into the separator of comparative example was the smallest and the contact angle should be the smallest in the same amount of dropping).
2. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the trend of the cycling capacity of the diaphragms of comparative example, example 1 and example 2 at-20 ℃, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the diaphragms of example 1 and example 2 and the prepared PC-based electrolyte are assembled into a 2032 button full cell in a glove box filled with argon gas, so that the button full cell has better specific discharge capacity.
3. High temperature treatment of separator (130 ℃ for 1h) heat resistance data:
FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7 show the appearance of the separator of comparative example, example 1, example 2 before high temperature treatment; fig. 8, 9, and 10 show the outer appearance of each separator after the high-temperature treatment. It is evident that the diaphragm of the comparative example is deformed (partially melted) after being left at 130 ℃ for 1 hour; while the appearance of the separators of examples 1 and 2 was not substantially changed, the longitudinal and transverse shrinkages were measured to be substantially 0%.
4. Fig. 11 is a graph showing the trend of the cycling capacity of the separators of comparative example, example 1 and example 2 at 45 ℃, and it can be seen from fig. 11 that the separators of example 1 and example 2 and the prepared PC-based electrolyte are assembled into a 2032 button full cell in a glove box filled with argon gas, and the discharge capacity is better.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of a lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in a wide temperature range is characterized in that: dispersing zirconium hydrogen phosphate powder in PVDF-HFP-acetone solution with a certain concentration, mixing at a high speed for 3-10min, uniformly coating the mixture on two sides of a commercially available polyolefin diaphragm by using a scraper, and evaporating and drying the acetone to obtain the lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in a wide temperature range.
2. The preparation method of the lithium ion battery separator with the wide temperature range application according to claim 1, wherein α crystal form zirconium hydrogen phosphate with the particle size range of 5-1000nm and the purity range of 99.5-99.9% is selected as the zirconium hydrogen phosphate.
3. The preparation method of the lithium ion battery separator with the wide temperature range application according to claim 2, wherein α crystal form zirconium hydrogen phosphate with the granularity range of 20-600nm and the purity range of 99.5-99.9% is selected as the zirconium hydrogen phosphate.
4. The method of claim 1 for preparing a lithium ion battery separator for wide temperature range applications, wherein: the PVDF-HFP is powdery or granular, and the average weight average molecular weight range is 400,000-455,000; the average molecular weight is in the range of 110,000-130,000.
5. The method of claim 1 for preparing a lithium ion battery separator for wide temperature range applications, wherein: in the PVDF-HFP-acetone solution, acetone with the purity of more than or equal to 99.5% is selected as the acetone, and the molar ratio of the PVDF-HFP to the acetone is 1: 7-1: 11.
6. The method of claim 1 for preparing a lithium ion battery separator for wide temperature range applications, wherein: the thickness range of the PVDF-HFP/zirconium hydrogen phosphate coating layer is 1-5 um, and the molar ratio of the PVDF-HFP to the zirconium hydrogen phosphate in the coating layer is 19: 1-1: 1.
7. the method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the thickness range of the PVDF-HFP/zirconium hydrogen phosphate coating layer is 1-2 um, and the molar ratio of the PVDF-HFP to the zirconium hydrogen phosphate in the coating layer is 9: 1-2: 3.
8. the method of claim 1 for preparing a lithium ion battery separator for wide temperature range applications, wherein: and mixing the zirconium hydrogen phosphate and the PVDF-HFP glue solution at the rotating speed of 800-1000 rpm.
9. The method of claim 1 for preparing a lithium ion battery separator for wide temperature range applications, wherein: and (3) carrying out high-temperature vacuum drying treatment on the zirconium hydrogen phosphate before mixing with the glue solution, wherein the temperature range is 150-200 ℃, and the time is 2-6 hours.
CN201910934220.4A 2019-09-29 2019-09-29 Preparation method of lithium ion battery diaphragm applied in wide temperature range Pending CN110808349A (en)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2443195A1 (en) * 2009-06-15 2012-04-25 Arkema, Inc. Organic/inorganic composite blend membrane compositions of polyelectrolye blends with nanoparticles
CN102810655A (en) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-05 东莞新能源科技有限公司 Lithium ion battery composite isolation membranes
CN103236511A (en) * 2013-04-18 2013-08-07 广东工业大学 Preparation method of super-heat-resistant organic/inorganic composite film
CN103897207A (en) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-02 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 Electrochemical power source diaphragm and preparation method thereof, and electrochemical cell or capacitor
CN104051696A (en) * 2014-06-27 2014-09-17 佛山市金辉高科光电材料有限公司 Lithium ion battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof
CN104124418A (en) * 2014-07-25 2014-10-29 佛山市盈博莱科技有限公司 Lithium ion battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof
US20160164060A1 (en) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-09 Celgard, Llc Coated separators for lithium batteries and related methods
CN110085793A (en) * 2019-05-10 2019-08-02 安徽新衡新材料科技有限公司 A kind of lithium ion battery functional diaphragm and its preparation method and application

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2443195A1 (en) * 2009-06-15 2012-04-25 Arkema, Inc. Organic/inorganic composite blend membrane compositions of polyelectrolye blends with nanoparticles
CN102810655A (en) * 2011-05-30 2012-12-05 东莞新能源科技有限公司 Lithium ion battery composite isolation membranes
CN103897207A (en) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-02 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 Electrochemical power source diaphragm and preparation method thereof, and electrochemical cell or capacitor
CN103236511A (en) * 2013-04-18 2013-08-07 广东工业大学 Preparation method of super-heat-resistant organic/inorganic composite film
CN104051696A (en) * 2014-06-27 2014-09-17 佛山市金辉高科光电材料有限公司 Lithium ion battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof
CN104124418A (en) * 2014-07-25 2014-10-29 佛山市盈博莱科技有限公司 Lithium ion battery diaphragm and preparation method thereof
US20160164060A1 (en) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-09 Celgard, Llc Coated separators for lithium batteries and related methods
CN110085793A (en) * 2019-05-10 2019-08-02 安徽新衡新材料科技有限公司 A kind of lithium ion battery functional diaphragm and its preparation method and application

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Application publication date: 20200218