CN110806398A - Thermal infrared spectrum atmospheric extinction measurement method and device - Google Patents
Thermal infrared spectrum atmospheric extinction measurement method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal infrared spectrum atmospheric extinction measurement method and device, which comprises a normal-temperature surface source black body, wherein a plane reflector is arranged right in front of the normal-temperature surface source black body along the light transmission direction, and a Fourier spectrometer is arranged on the right side of the plane reflector along the light transmission direction; an aperture diaphragm is arranged between the normal temperature surface source black body and the plane reflector along the light transmission direction, the aperture diaphragm is positioned on the optical chopper, a chopper of the optical chopper is positioned right in front of the normal temperature surface source black body, and the center of the chopper is positioned on the right side of the normal temperature surface source black body; and a neutral infrared attenuation sheet is also arranged on the chopping sheet. The method inverses atmospheric extinction by measuring atmospheric radiation spectra at different zenith angles, gets rid of dependence on standard stars, and can simply, conveniently and efficiently obtain infrared atmospheric extinction spectrum distribution. The method can realize high-precision measurement of spectral atmospheric extinction, and solves the problem that the calibration blackbody and atmospheric radiation brightness exceed the linear dynamic range of a measuring instrument.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optics, and particularly relates to a thermal infrared spectrum atmospheric extinction measurement method and device.
Background
The thermal infrared (with the wavelength of 3-14 um) observation carried out on the ground can not avoid the attenuation of the earth atmosphere to the infrared radiation, namely, the atmospheric extinction. The atmospheric extinction causes the reduction of the signal-to-noise ratio, causes larger measurement error, and correspondingly reduces the target detection distance, so that great attention is paid to the measurement of the atmospheric extinction in the fields of scientific research and military and national defense. The traditional method for measuring atmospheric extinction utilizes an extra-atmospheric standard star, the residual intensity after the standard star passes through the atmosphere is measured by observing the standard star with known radiation intensity, and the unit mass atmospheric star equal difference (atmospheric extinction) is as shown in a formula (1):
Δm＝-2.5log10(I/I0) (1)
in the formula, I and I0The standard satellite intensities after atmospheric attenuation in the zenith direction and outside the atmosphere are respectively.
The atmospheric extinction accuracy measured by the standard star method depends on the measurement accuracy of a standard star, the infrared standard star is generally weak, and the standard star is not uniformly distributed in the sky, so that a large-caliber telescope is required for accurately measuring the standard star, an available standard star needs to be continuously searched in the sky, time and labor are wasted, and the accuracy is limited. In order to overcome the problem, a method for measuring atmospheric radiation at different zenith angles by using small-caliber equipment is proposed in a paper 'research on infrared whole-layer atmospheric transmittance measuring method' published by 7 months in 2018 by Zhao Shi et al to invert atmospheric extinction, principle verification is carried out by using corresponding equipment, and a related paper is published, wherein the principle expression of the related paper is as follows:
the atmospheric radiance at different zenith angles is as follows formula (2):
Ls＝Sλ(1-exp(-τ0secθ)α) (2)
s can be obtained by least squares fitting of the dataλ、τ0α, and the like, and further, the unit atmospheric mass star equi-difference, namely the atmospheric extinction is as in formula (3):
Δm＝-2.5log10(exp(-(τ0)α) (3)
the method used in the paper has certain defects, the used equipment cannot measure spectral atmospheric extinction, only one waveband with good optical transmittance is selected, the formula (3) is approximated, α is approximately equal to 1, radiometric calibration is not carried out in the measurement, the radiance from an instrument and the radiance from the atmosphere which does not change along with zenith angle cannot be distinguished, and the error is increased.
The accurate measurement of atmospheric extinction requires radiometric calibration, the temperature of an equivalent blackbody of the atmosphere is usually in the level of-10 ℃ to-50 ℃, the calibration requires a low-temperature surface source blackbody, but the low-temperature surface source blackbody is complex and low in efficiency and easy to dewfall during field measurement, but the radiation brightness of the normal-temperature surface source blackbody is far higher than that of atmospheric radiation, and the calibration error is large due to the insufficient linear dynamic range of an infrared instrument.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an atmospheric extinction measurement method of a thermal infrared spectrum and a special measurement device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a thermal infrared spectrum atmospheric extinction measurement method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the Fourier spectrometer is set to be in a low gain mode, radiometric calibration is carried out, and the rotary plane reflector faces to a normal-temperature surface source blackbody; the aperture diaphragm and the neutral infrared attenuation sheet are alternatively aligned to the normal-temperature surface source black body; when the aperture stop faces a normal temperature surface source black body, the output of the fourier spectrometer can be expressed as:
Ib＝Rlow(RmLb+Lm)+d (4)
when the neutral infrared attenuation sheet faces a normal temperature plane source black body, the output of the fourier spectrometer can be expressed as:
Ib＝Rlow(τfRmLb+RmLf+Lm)+d (5)
in order to ensure that the radiation calibration is in a linear dynamic range, when the neutral infrared attenuation piece faces to a normal temperature surface source black body, the Fourier spectrometer is selectedThe high temperature point of (2), the high temperature point being 20-50 ℃; when the aperture diaphragm faces to a normal temperature surface source black body, a low temperature point of the Fourier spectrometer is selected, and the coefficient tau of the neutral infrared attenuation sheet can be obtained through radiometric calibrationf、Lf: wherein R islowThe responsivity to the radiance when the Fourier spectrometer has low gain; tau isfThe transmittance of the neutral infrared attenuation sheet; l isfThe radiation brightness of the neutral infrared attenuation sheet is obtained; rmIs the reflectivity of the plane mirror, LmIs the flat mirror radiance; the low-temperature point is greater than the dew point temperature and less than the dew point temperature plus 2 ℃;
step 2:
the Fourier spectrometer is set to be in a high-gain mode, the plane reflector is rotated to the zenith angle (atmosphere and sky) to start recording data, the plane reflector continues to rotate towards the direction of the large zenith angle, and data at each angle are recorded; the R ishighThe responsivity to the radiation brightness when the Fourier spectrometer has high gain; the fourier spectrometer output can be expressed as:
Is＝Rhigh(RmLs+Lm)+d (6)
and step 3:
the Fourier spectrometer is set to be in a high-gain mode, after atmospheric radiation measurement is finished, a normal-temperature surface source black body and a neutral infrared attenuation sheet are used for calibrating a measurement result, and the output of the spectrometer can be expressed as:
I″b＝Rhigh(τfRmLb+RmLf+Lm)+d (7)
according to the above formula, R is easily obtainedhighRmThe result of (1);
formula Is＝Rhigh(RmLs+Lm) + d (6) and formula I ″)b＝Rhigh(τfRmLb+RmLf+Lm) + d (7) given by the difference:
ΔIsb＝Rhigh(RmLs-τfRmLb-RmLf) (8)
from the above equation, the atmospheric radiance is easily obtained:
Ls＝ΔIsb/(RhighRm)+τfLb+Lf(9)
and 4, step 4:
calculation of atmospheric extinction data for uniform atmosphere, radiance and optical thickness as in equation Ls＝Sλ(1-exp(-τ0secθ)α)
According to the atmospheric radiation brightness result obtained in the step (3), utilizing a formula Ls＝Sλ(1-exp(-τ0secθ)α) (2) fitting the radiance of different zenith angles to obtain the atmospheric transmittance:
t＝exp(-(τ0secθ)α) (10)
let formula t be exp (- (τ)0secθ)α) (10) substituting the result into the formula Δ m-2.5 log10(exp(-(τ0)α) And (3) obtaining the star equal difference of unit atmospheric mass, namely atmospheric extinction.
In order to better realize the measuring method, the invention also provides a special measuring device which comprises a normal-temperature surface source black body, wherein a plane reflector is arranged right in front of the normal-temperature surface source black body along the light transmission direction, and a Fourier spectrometer is arranged on the right side of the plane reflector along the light transmission direction; an aperture diaphragm is arranged between the normal temperature surface source black body and the plane reflector along the light transmission direction, the aperture diaphragm is positioned on the optical chopper, a chopper of the optical chopper is positioned right in front of the normal temperature surface source black body, and the center of the chopper is positioned on the right side of the normal temperature surface source black body; the rotation direction of the chopping plate is vertical to the horizontal plane; and a neutral infrared attenuation sheet is also arranged on the chopping sheet. The light transmission direction of the normal-temperature surface source black body is parallel to the horizontal plane.
Preferably, in order to facilitate the rotation of the plane mirror, the plane mirror is disposed on a rotating device, the rotating device includes a fixing rod and a rotating motor, one end of the fixing rod is connected to the rotating motor, and the other end of the fixing rod is connected to the plane mirror; the fixing rod is parallel to the light transmission direction of the plane mirror (the reflection light direction of the plane mirror).
The included angle between the plane reflector and the incident optical axis of the Fourier spectrometer (the main optical axis of the reflection light transmission direction of the plane reflector) is 45 degrees.
In order to better realize that the aperture diaphragm and the neutral infrared attenuation sheet are alternatively aligned with the normal-temperature surface source black body, the aperture diaphragm and the neutral infrared attenuation sheet are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the center of the chopper sheet.
In order to ensure the accuracy of the detection result, the size of the attenuation sheet is equal to that of the aperture diaphragm.
Preferably, the device is also provided with a data acquisition and processing system, and the infrared atmospheric extinction spectrum is rapidly calculated by utilizing radiometric and calibration data.
The characteristics of each device in the invention are as follows: sky (atmosphere) needs to be clear and cloudy, atmosphere is relatively stable, and radiance is recorded as Ls(ii) a The plane reflector has high reflectivity, can rotate 180 degrees around the optical axis of the reflected light of the plane reflector, enables the reflecting surfaces of the plane reflector to respectively face the sky with different zenith angles or a normal temperature surface source black body, and records the reflectivity of the plane reflector as RmAnd radiance is noted as Lm(ii) a The aperture diaphragm limits the effective field of view of the normal-temperature surface source black body; a normal temperature surface source blackbody, a radiation calibration standard source, adjustable temperature of 0-100 ℃, good stability and uniformity, and the radiation brightness recorded as Lb(ii) a The neutral infrared attenuation sheet can attenuate the wavelength of 3-14 um, and the transmittance is recorded as taufAnd radiance is noted as LfThe radiation of a normal-temperature plane source black body is attenuated, and the radiation brightness equivalent to sky (atmosphere) is generated for radiation calibration; the Fourier spectrometer component can measure the infrared spectrum of 2-14 um, and the responsivity to the radiance is R when the gain is lowlowThe responsivity to the radiation brightness at high gain is Rhigh(ii) a The optical chopper needs stable temperature control and can rotate around a shaft for 360 degrees, so that the aperture diaphragm and the neutral infrared attenuation sheet respectively face a normal temperature surface source black body.
According to the device, the neutral infrared attenuation sheet and the aperture diaphragm are arranged on the chopper, and the neutral infrared attenuation sheet and the aperture diaphragm are alternately matched with a normal-temperature surface source black body, so that the transmittance and the radiant brightness of the neutral infrared attenuation sheet can be measured, and the self-calibration of a measuring system is realized; meanwhile, the neutral infrared attenuation sheet is matched with the black body to generate the radiation brightness equivalent to the low-temperature black body, and the accurate calibration of low-brightness targets such as atmosphere and the like can be realized only by adopting the normal-temperature black body during observation. During measurement, the optical chopper is accurately controlled in temperature, so that the radiation and transmittance of the infrared attenuation sheet are stable, and the system deviation is reduced; the Fourier spectrometer is used for inverting atmospheric extinction by measuring atmospheric radiation spectra at different zenith angles, dependence on a standard star is eliminated, and infrared atmospheric extinction spectrum distribution can be obtained simply, conveniently and efficiently. The method can realize high-precision measurement of spectral atmospheric extinction, and solves the problem that the calibration blackbody and atmospheric radiation brightness exceed the linear dynamic range of a measuring instrument.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the chopper of the optical chopper of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rotary device according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
The thermal infrared spectrum atmospheric extinction measuring device shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3 comprises a normal-temperature surface source black body 4, wherein a plane reflector 2 is arranged right in front of the normal-temperature surface source black body 4 along the light transmission direction, a fourier spectrometer 6 is arranged on the right side of the plane reflector 2 along the light transmission direction, and the fourier spectrometer 6 is electrically connected with a data acquisition and processing system 7 through a lead; an aperture diaphragm 3 is arranged between the normal temperature surface source black body 4 and the plane reflector 2 along the light transmission direction, the aperture diaphragm 3 is positioned on an optical chopper 8, a chopping plate 9 of the optical chopper 8 is positioned above the normal temperature surface source black body 4, and the center of the chopping plate 9 is positioned on the right side of the normal temperature surface source black body 4; the rotation direction of the wave chopping plate 9 is vertical to the horizontal plane; the chopping plate 9 is also provided with a neutral infrared attenuation plate 5. The horizontal plane is parallel to the light transmission direction of the normal temperature plane source black body 4.
In order to facilitate the rotation of the plane mirror 2, the plane mirror 2 is arranged on a rotating device, the rotating device comprises a fixed rod 10 and a rotating motor 11, one end of the fixed rod 10 is connected with the rotating motor 11, and the other end of the fixed rod is connected with the plane mirror 2; the fixing bar 10 is parallel to the light transmission direction of the plane mirror 2.
The aperture diaphragm 3 and the neutral infrared attenuation sheet 5 are correspondingly arranged at two sides of the center of the chopping sheet 9.
The included angle between the plane reflecting mirror 2 and the incident optical axis of the Fourier spectrometer 6 is 45 degrees.
The method for carrying out atmospheric extinction measurement by using the device comprises the following steps:
step 1: the Fourier spectrometer 6 is set to be in a low gain mode for radiation calibration, the rotating motor 11 rotates, and the fixed rod 10 drives the rotating plane reflector to face the normal-temperature surface source black body 4; the aperture diaphragm 3 and the neutral infrared attenuation sheet 5 are alternatively aligned to the normal-temperature surface source black body 4 through the rotation of the optical chopper 8; when the aperture stop 3 faces the normal temperature surface source black body 4, the output of the fourier spectrometer 6 can be expressed as:
Ib＝Rlow(RmLb+Lm)+d (4)
when the neutral infrared attenuation sheet 5 faces the normal temperature plane source black body 4, the output of the fourier spectrometer 6 can be expressed as:
I′b＝Rlow(τfRmLb+RmLf+Lm)+d (5)
in order to ensure that the radiometric calibration is in a linear dynamic range, when the neutral infrared attenuation piece 5 faces the normal temperature plane source black body 4, a high temperature point of the Fourier spectrometer 6 is selected, wherein the high temperature point is 20-50 ℃; when the aperture diaphragm 3 faces the normal temperature surface source black body 4, selecting a low temperature point of the Fourier spectrometer 6, wherein the low temperature point is greater than the dew point temperature and less than the dew point temperature plus 2 ℃, and obtaining the coefficient tau of the neutral infrared attenuation sheet 5 through radiation calibrationf、Lf: wherein R islowThe responsivity to radiance at low gain of the fourier spectrometer 6; tau isfThe transmittance of the neutral infrared attenuation sheet 5; l isfThe radiation brightness of the neutral infrared attenuation sheet 5 is obtained; rmIs the reflectivity, L, of the plane mirror 2mThe radiance of the plane mirror 2;
step 2:
the Fourier spectrometer 6 is set to be in a high-gain mode, the plane reflector 2 is rotated to face the direction of the positive zenith of the sky 1 (atmosphere), data are recorded, the plane reflector 2 continues to rotate towards the direction of the large zenith angle, and data at each angle are recorded; the R ishighThe responsivity to the radiance when the Fourier spectrometer 6 has high gain; the fourier spectrum 6 instrument output can be expressed as:
Is＝Rhigh(RmLs+Lm)+d (6)
and step 3:
the Fourier spectrometer 6 is set to be in a high-gain mode, after atmospheric radiation measurement is finished, a normal-temperature surface source black body 4 and a neutral infrared attenuation sheet 5 are used for calibrating a measurement result, and the output of the Fourier spectrometer can be expressed as:
I″b＝Rhigh(τfRmLb+RmLf+Lm)+d (7)
according to the above formula, R is easily obtainedhighRmThe result of (1);
formula Is＝Rhigh(RmLs+Lm) + d (6) and formula I ″)b＝Rhigh(τfRmLb+RmLf+Lm) + d (7) given by the difference:
ΔIsb＝Rhigh(RmLs-τfRmLb-RmLf) (8)
from the above equation, the atmospheric radiance is easily obtained:
Ls＝ΔIsb/(RhighRm)+τfLb+Lf(9)
and 4, step 4:
calculation of atmospheric extinction data for uniform atmosphere, radiance and optical thickness as in equation Ls＝Sλ(1-exp(-τ0secθ)α)
According to the atmospheric radiation brightness result obtained in the step (3), utilizing a formula Ls＝Sλ(1-exp(-τ0secθ)α) (2) fitting the radiance of different zenith angles to obtain the atmospheric transmittance:
t＝exp(-(τ0secθ)α) (10)
let formula t be exp (- (τ)0secθ)α) (10) substituting the result into the formula Δ m-2.5 log10(exp(-(τ0)α) And (3) obtaining the star equal difference of unit atmospheric mass, namely atmospheric extinction.
Claims (6)
1. A thermal infrared spectrum atmospheric extinction measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the Fourier spectrometer is set to be in a low gain mode, radiometric calibration is carried out, and the plane reflector faces a normal-temperature surface source blackbody; when the aperture stop faces a normal temperature surface source black body, the output of the fourier spectrometer can be expressed as:
Ib＝Rlow(RmLb+Lm)+d
when the neutral infrared attenuation sheet faces a normal temperature plane source black body, the output of the fourier spectrometer can be expressed as:
I′b＝Rlow(τfRmLb+RmLf+Lm)+d
when the neutral infrared attenuation sheet faces a normal-temperature plane source black body, selecting 20-50 ℃; when the aperture diaphragm faces to a normal temperature surface source black body, a low temperature point is selected, and the coefficient tau of the neutral infrared attenuation sheet can be obtained through radiometric calibrationf、Lf: wherein R islowThe responsivity to the radiance when the Fourier spectrometer has low gain; tau isfThe transmittance of the neutral infrared attenuation sheet; l isfIs the radiance of the neutral infrared attenuation sheet；RmIs the reflectivity of the plane mirror, LmIs the flat mirror radiance; the low-temperature point is greater than the dew point temperature and less than the dew point temperature plus 2 ℃;
step 2:
the Fourier spectrometer is set to be in a high-gain mode, the plane reflector faces to the zenith, data recording is started, the plane reflector continues to rotate towards the direction of the large zenith angle, and data at each angle are recorded; the R ishighThe responsivity to the radiation brightness when the Fourier spectrometer has high gain; the fourier spectrometer output can be expressed as:
Is＝Rhigh(RmLs+Lm)+d
and step 3:
the Fourier spectrometer is set to be in a high-gain mode, after atmospheric radiation measurement is finished, a normal-temperature surface source black body and a neutral infrared attenuation sheet are used for calibrating a measurement result, and the output of the Fourier spectrometer can be expressed as:
I″b＝Rhigh(τfRmLb+RmLf+Lm)+d
according to the above formula, R is easily obtainedhighRmThe result of (1);
formula Is＝Rhigh(RmLs+Lm) + d and formula Ib＝Rhigh(τfRmLb+RmLf+Lm) + d is given as the difference:
ΔIsb＝Rhigh(RmLs-τfRmLb-RmLf)
from the above equation, the atmospheric radiance is easily obtained:
Ls＝ΔIsb/(RhighRm)+τfLb+Lf
and 4, step 4:
calculation of atmospheric extinction data for uniform atmosphere, radiance and optical thickness as in equation Ls＝Sλ(1-exp(-τ0secθ)α)
According to the atmospheric radiation brightness result obtained in the step (3), utilizing a formula Ls＝Sλ(1-exp(-τ0secθ)α) Fitting the radiance of different zenith angles to obtain the atmospheric transmittance:
t＝exp(-(τ0secθ)α)
let formula t be exp (- (τ)0secθ)α) Substituting the result into the formula of-2.5 log10(exp(-(τ0)α) The star equal difference of unit atmospheric mass can be obtained, namely atmospheric extinction.
2. The thermal infrared spectrum atmospheric extinction measuring device is characterized by comprising a normal-temperature surface source black body, wherein a plane reflector is arranged right in front of the normal-temperature surface source black body along the light transmission direction, and a Fourier spectrometer is arranged on the right side of the plane reflector along the light transmission direction; an aperture diaphragm is arranged between the normal temperature surface source black body and the plane reflector along the light transmission direction, the aperture diaphragm is positioned on the optical chopper, a chopper of the optical chopper is positioned right in front of the normal temperature surface source black body, and the center of the chopper is positioned on the right side of the normal temperature surface source black body; the rotation direction of the chopping plate is vertical to the horizontal plane; and a neutral infrared attenuation sheet is also arranged on the chopping sheet.
3. The atmospheric extinction measurement device according to the thermal infrared spectrum of claim 2, wherein the plane mirror is disposed on a rotation device, the rotation device includes a fixed rod and a rotation motor, one end of the fixed rod is connected to the rotation motor, and the other end is connected to the plane mirror; the fixed rod is parallel to the light transmission direction of the plane reflector.
4. The atmospheric extinction measurement device according to claim 2, wherein the angle between the plane mirror and the incident optical axis of the fourier spectrometer is 45 °.
5. The thermal infrared spectrum atmospheric extinction measurement device according to claim 2, wherein the aperture stop and the neutral infrared attenuation sheet are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the center of the chopper sheet.
6. The atmospheric extinction measurement device according to claim 5, wherein the size of the neutral infrared attenuator is such as to limit the effective field of view of a normal temperature surface source black body.
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| CN111473868A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-07-31 | 许方宇 | Remote infrared temperature measurement method |
| CN113847990A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2021-12-28 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Self-calibration multispectral thermal infrared bright temperature radiometer |
| CN115452755A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-09 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Method for measuring infrared spectrum radiation and absorption characteristics of high-temperature and high-pressure gas |
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| CN113847990A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2021-12-28 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Self-calibration multispectral thermal infrared bright temperature radiometer |
| CN115452755A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-09 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Method for measuring infrared spectrum radiation and absorption characteristics of high-temperature and high-pressure gas |
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