CN110806146A - Honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy-absorbing material and preparation thereof - Google Patents
Honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy-absorbing material and preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110806146A CN110806146A CN201911190394.0A CN201911190394A CN110806146A CN 110806146 A CN110806146 A CN 110806146A CN 201911190394 A CN201911190394 A CN 201911190394A CN 110806146 A CN110806146 A CN 110806146A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
- F41H5/0457—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C39/10—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
- B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
- B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/06—Coating on the layer surface on metal layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
- B32B2305/024—Honeycomb
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
- B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing
Abstract
The invention provides a honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof. The composite energy absorption material is sequentially composed of a protective metal plate I, a high-strength polyurea coating, a honeycomb damping energy absorption layer and an energy processing layer. The honeycomb damping energy absorption layer consists of a honeycomb aluminum energy absorption plate and a plurality of polyurea elastic energy absorption columns; the polyurea elastic energy absorption columns are filled in honeycomb structural units of the honeycomb aluminum energy absorption plate. The energy processing layer sequentially comprises an interlayer metal plate, a viscoelastic damping layer I, a high-strength spring, a thin-wall energy absorption pipe, a viscoelastic damping layer II and a protective metal plate II. One end of the high-strength spring is fixed in the viscoelastic damping layer I, and the other end of the high-strength spring is fixed in the thin-wall energy absorption tube through a viscoelastic damping material III. And one end of the thin-wall energy absorption pipe, which is far away from the high-strength spring, is fixed in the viscoelastic damping layer II. The composite energy-absorbing material not only greatly improves the protection efficiency, but also overcomes the defect of one-time protection of the traditional structure, and improves the utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of materials, relates to an energy-absorbing material, and particularly relates to a light multilayer composite energy-absorbing material used in the field of explosion prevention.
Background
Blast loading is a high frequency load that is more likely to damage a structure than static loading. The energy of the explosion wave generated after explosion is extremely large, and the destructive power to the target is also extremely strong. When the explosion happens, the energy impact can not only cause damage to the structure and personnel of the explosion center, but also generate impact waves and structural fragments which can affect the nearby environment, cause structural vibration and often accompany huge noise.
The explosion-proof structure is mainly researched on two aspects, namely, on one hand, a new material is researched on the basis of the energy absorption characteristic of the material, namely, the principle that the material deforms to absorb energy or the loss factor of the material is improved. Such as protection of military transport vehicles by adding additional blast-proof armor. The method can effectively improve the safety of the vehicle, but the additional armor can greatly increase the dead weight of the transport vehicle, thereby greatly reducing the maneuverability of the vehicle. For transporting aircraft, excessive loads will severely affect the transport capacity of the aircraft and greatly reduce the maneuverability of the aircraft. On the other hand, the principle of reaction momentum is utilized to resist the incoming blast wave, and a complex structure is designed. For example, the explosion impact energy is dispersed by adopting a V-shaped vehicle bottom structure, and the explosion impact pressure at the bottom of the vehicle body is reduced, so that the ground mine prevention capability of the vehicle is improved. At present, more and more modern mine-proof vehicle all adopts similar vehicle bottom structure, however because military vehicle has higher requirement to open-air trafficability characteristic, underbody installation V-arrangement protective structure often leads to the ground clearance to reduce, thereby make vehicle centre of gravity position often higher, cause vehicle operation stability to reduce.
In order to solve the above problems, the invention patent 201510211687.8 discloses a blast wave resistant composite armor structure, which comprises a metamaterial layer, a bonding layer and an energy absorption buffer layer from outside to inside in sequence; the metamaterial layer and the energy absorption buffer layer are optimally combined through a bonding layer, wherein the metamaterial layer is a microstructure consisting of a metal-nonmetal sphere system. Each microstructure is a shock vibration absorber, and the resonance frequency of the resonator inside the microstructure is close to the specific frequency of the explosion shock wave, so that the incoming shock wave is reflected. Therefore, on one hand, the explosion-proof structure can block shock waves in the area near the overpressure peak value in the explosion waves through the micro-structure design of the metamaterial layer; on the other hand, the energy absorption buffer layer absorbs explosion pressure waves, so that the explosion-proof capacity of the structure is improved. However, for large deformation caused by explosion, the structure can only achieve the energy absorption effect through the crushing deformation of the energy absorption buffer layer, so that the structure can only resist single explosion; once the energy absorption layer absorbs energy and is damaged, the energy absorption effect of the structure is greatly reduced. In addition, for the stress concentration action of high strain rate such as contact explosion and high-speed impact, the metamaterial layer is easy to be subjected to brittle failure, so that the protective performance of the structure is greatly reduced.
The honeycomb structure is used as an efficient and light energy absorption structure, is widely applied to various protection fields, and various materials are filled in a honeycomb cavity to improve rigidity. Utility model patent 201821026217.X discloses a honeycomb formula energy-absorbing buffering anti-cracking explosion-proof cabin, and it adopts the individual layer honeycomb board as the skeleton, maintains through the steel frame board to the method of pouring light elasticity filler material improves honeycomb intensity. But the self-weight of the structure is larger, the energy absorption direction is the honeycomb hexagon horizontal direction, and the energy absorption effect is weaker. Utility model 201821861677.4 discloses a multi-functional protection rail of highway, the inside backplate honeycomb holes that forms of protection breast board, the inside fixed column honeycomb holes that forms of protection fixed column. The cellular porous capsule cavity structure has good impact resistance and buffering performance, has good energy absorption effect, and greatly improves the impact resistance. Because the single honeycomb structure is still adopted, the energy absorption effect is weak, and the energy absorption device can only be used for protecting low-speed impact or buffer structures.
In addition, the traditional energy absorption pipe can absorb certain energy through crushing deformation, but due to the limitation of the energy absorption principle of the traditional energy absorption pipe, the energy absorption pipe can only carry out single protection. The high-strength spring is generally used as a damping device of a vehicle, has poor energy absorption effect, is generally used for improving the stability of the vehicle, and is not used for absorbing energy. The traditional polyurea material is mostly used in the protection field of base materials, and is mostly used in the fields of water resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance of vehicles and the like. The application fields of the three are greatly different, and no related report that the three are combined to form an energy-absorbing or energy-consuming structure exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the energy-absorbing material in the prior art, the invention provides a honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy-absorbing material. The multilayer composite energy-absorbing material not only realizes light weight under the same protection grade, but also overcomes the defect of one-time protection of the traditional structure, and greatly improves the safety of a protected structure.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
the multi-layer composite energy-absorbing material of the honeycomb damping unit sequentially comprises a protective metal plate I1, a high-strength polyurea coating 2, a honeycomb damping energy-absorbing layer 3 and an energy processing layer. The honeycomb damping energy absorption layer 3 is connected with each adjacent layer by a viscoelastic damping material. The viscoelastic damping material is a two-component viscoelastic damping material modified based on polyurea. The viscoelastic damping material exhibits elasticity at high strain rates and does not undergo brittle failure under load.
The honeycomb damping energy absorption layer 3 consists of a honeycomb aluminum energy absorption plate 12 and a plurality of polyurea elastic energy absorption columns 11; the honeycomb aluminum energy-absorbing plate 12 is composed of a plurality of honeycomb structural units, and each polyurea elastic energy-absorbing column 11 is filled in the honeycomb structural unit. The honeycomb structure unit is a hexagon, and the side length of the hexagon is 8-15 mm; the honeycomb structure unit is made of aluminum alloy, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy is 0.03-0.08 mm; the height of the honeycomb structure unit (namely the thickness of the honeycomb aluminum energy absorbing plate/the thickness of the honeycomb damping energy absorbing layer) is 14-30 mm. The radius of the polyurea elastic energy absorption column 11 is 5-12mm, and the height of the polyurea elastic energy absorption column is the same as that of the honeycomb structure unit. The elastic energy absorption column is formed by pouring a polyurea elastomer purchased from commercial sources, and has the characteristics of high strength and high elasticity; the elastic energy absorption column with other strength can be replaced according to the protection load requirement. Because the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer is a hollow composite structure, the mass of the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer is far lower than that of a same-order energy absorption structure or material, and the influence on the protective base material is small. In addition, because the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer consists of a plurality of honeycomb structure units and energy absorption columns, each honeycomb cavity can effectively disperse shock waves and disperse energy to each energy absorption structure, thereby reducing the damage of the energy absorption structure.
The energy processing layer sequentially comprises an interlayer metal plate 4, a viscoelastic damping layer I5, a high-strength spring 7, a thin-wall energy absorption pipe 8, a viscoelastic damping layer II8 and a protective metal plate II 10. One end of the high-strength spring 7 is fixed in the viscoelastic damping layer I5, and the other end of the high-strength spring 7 is fixed in the thin-wall energy absorption tube 6 through a viscoelastic damping material III 9. One end of the thin-wall energy absorption tube 6, which is far away from the high-strength spring 7, is fixed in the viscoelastic damping layer II8, and the viscoelastic damping layer III9 in the thin-wall energy absorption tube 6 is equal to the viscoelastic damping layer II8 outside in height. The energy consumption is essentially conversion and absorption of external load energy, and the characteristics of crushing energy absorption of the energy absorption pipe, energy conversion of the high-strength spring and the viscoelastic damping material, elastic deformation and high loss factor are utilized, so that plastic deformation, elastic deformation and damping energy consumption are fully combined, and a brand-new graded energy consumption composite anti-explosion protection armor is realized.
Wherein the height H of the thin-wall energy absorption pipe 6 is 3/5 of the height H of the energy treatment layer; the thickness d of the viscoelastic damping layer II8 and the viscoelastic damping layer III9 is larger than 2/3 of the height h of the energy absorption pipe and smaller than 7/8 of the height h of the energy absorption pipe. The viscoelastic damping layer (comprising a viscoelastic damping layer I, a viscoelastic damping layer II and a viscoelastic damping layer III) is the same as the viscoelastic damping material, and two-component viscoelastic damping materials modified based on polyurea are adopted; wherein the component A is isocyanate, the index R value of the isocyanate is 0.8, and the component B is an amino compound. The viscoelastic damping layer can effectively reduce the vibration of the vehicle in normal running, plays a role in vibration reduction, and greatly improves the stability of the vehicle and the comfort of passengers in the vehicle.
Preferably, the thickness of the viscoelastic damping layer I5 is 10-15 mm; the height h of the thin-wall energy absorption pipe 6 is 33-46 mm; the thickness of the viscoelastic damping layer II8 and the viscoelastic damping layer III9 is 22-41 mm; the height h of the high-strength spring 7 is not less than 1.2 times of the height h of the thin-wall energy absorption tube 6 and is not more than 56 mm.
The high-strength spring 7 has a compression stress of 750MPa-900MPa, and the thin-wall energy-absorbing tube 6 is made of aluminum alloy. The interlayer metal plate 4 is made of high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 3.5-5 mm; as an energy transfer structure, when the energy transfer structure is excited by the outside, the integrity of the composite structure is ensured, and the deformation is transferred to the next layer of energy absorption structure.
The protective metal plate I1 and the protective metal plate II10 are both made of high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 5-10 mm; the polyurea coating 2 is formed on the inner side of the protective metal plate I1 through a spraying process, the elastic modulus of the polyurea coating 2 is 180 MPa-260 MPa, and the thickness of the polyurea coating is 6 mm. The polyurea coating is formed by the reaction of A, B two components, wherein the component A is isocyanate prepolymer, and the component B is composed of amine-terminated polyether, amine chain extender and auxiliary agent. The polyurea coating has high tensile strength and elongation at break, so that the polyurea coating has the capability of bearing large deformation, and can resist tearing damage brought by high strain rate loading so as to ensure the structural integrity. And the high-strength polyurea coating has extremely high elastic modulus under the action of high strain rate, and can flick the external fragments or reduce the fragment speed when the protective metal plate I is damaged and the external fragments are broken and the penetration of the projectile occurs, thereby greatly reducing the secondary damage such as the fragments and the like. The protective metal plate II is a base plate of the back explosion surface of the anti-explosion composite armor, is made of the same material as the protective metal plate I and serves as the last layer of protective structure, and the integrity of the structure is guaranteed when the structure is excited by the outside.
The preparation method of the honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy-absorbing material comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing a protective metal plate I, firstly polishing the inner side of the metal plate I, and spraying primer to improve the adhesive force between the polyurea coating and the metal plate. After the surface of the primer is dried, spraying a high-strength polyurea elastomer with a certain thickness to form a high-strength polyurea coating; and (3) pouring a viscoelastic damping material on the high-strength polyurea coating, immediately inserting the honeycomb aluminum energy-absorbing plate and the polyurea elastomer energy-absorbing column into the viscoelastic damping material, and curing at normal temperature for 12 hours to obtain the honeycomb damping energy-absorbing layer. And after the maintenance is finished, pouring a viscoelastic damping material on the surface of the interlayer metal plate, inserting the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer, and maintaining for 12 hours to finish the fixation.
(b) Preparing a protective metal plate II, polishing the inner side surface of the metal plate, and fixing the metal thin-wall energy absorption tube on the surface of the protective metal plate II by adopting a small amount of viscoelastic damping material. And after the surface of the viscoelastic damping material is dried, pouring the viscoelastic damping material with a certain thickness around the metal thin-wall energy absorption pipe to obtain a viscoelastic damping layer II. And placing the high-strength spring in the center of the metal thin-wall energy absorption pipe, and pouring a viscoelastic damping material with the same height as the external viscoelastic damping layer II into the metal thin-wall energy absorption pipe to obtain a viscoelastic damping layer III.
(c) The protective metal plate II fixed with the high-strength spring is reversely buckled; pouring a viscoelastic damping material with a certain thickness on the interlayer metal plate to obtain a viscoelastic damping layer I; and quickly immersing the high-strength spring in the damping layer I until the viscoelastic damping layer I is surface-dried. And curing for 24 hours to obtain the multilayer composite energy-absorbing material.
The application of the multilayer composite energy-absorbing material of the honeycomb damping unit is applied to the explosion prevention of the vehicle or the building, and specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) mounting/fixing the composite energy-absorbing material on the outer layer of a vehicle or a building to be used as an energy-absorbing protective layer.
Energy absorption and energy consumption principle:
the protective metal plate I on the explosion-facing surface and the high-strength polyurea coating form a first-stage energy absorption structure. When an external load acts on the protective metal plate I, the external load consumes energy through large deformation of the metal plate; the polyurea coating that excels in has higher dissipation factor on the one hand, can turn into internal energy with mechanical energy, and on the other hand can effectively restrain the big deformation of protection metal sheet 1 because of the effect of high strain rate to the integrality of structure has been guaranteed. When the structure is greatly deformed, different layers are bent and deformed to cause relative slippage, so that the viscoelastic damping material between the layers is subjected to shear deformation, and energy is converted into internal energy to be consumed.
The secondary energy absorption structure consists of a honeycomb damping energy absorption layer, an adjacent viscoelastic damping material and an interlayer metal plate. When the external explosion or impact load acts, the protective steel plate I deforms inwards, and the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer (comprising the honeycomb structure unit and the polyurea elastic energy absorption column inside the honeycomb structure unit) deforms along with compression. (ii) a The polyurea elastic body energy absorption column has high loss factor and elastic modulus, so that a large amount of impact energy can be absorbed when the polyurea elastic body energy absorption column is subjected to compression deformation; and when the external load action is not enough to completely crush the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer, the polyurea elastic energy absorption column can recover and deform in a very short time, so that the recovery of the honeycomb structure unit is driven. The structure can still resist the action of multiple explosions or impact loads although the structure has certain damage.
The viscoelastic damping layer III and the high-strength spring form a third-stage energy dissipation structure, when external explosion or shock wave acts, the interlayer metal plate deforms to drive the high-strength spring and the viscoelastic damping layer III to generate compression deformation, energy is converted into elastic potential energy, and the energy is consumed in the process of restoring deformation of the structure. When the interlayer metal plate is greatly deformed to the thin-wall energy absorption tube, the graded energy-consumption composite anti-explosion armor enters a fourth-stage energy consumption stage, and the un-poured section of the metal thin-wall energy absorption tube is crushed and deformed, so that energy is consumed. And when the sandwich metal plate continues to deform upwards under the action of an external load and reaches the viscoelastic damping layer II, the structure enters a fifth-level energy consumption stage. When an external load acts, the high-strength spring, the metal thin-wall energy absorption pipe and the viscoelastic damping layer are simultaneously compressed and deformed; at the moment, due to the high elastic modulus characteristic of the viscoelastic damping material, the crushing energy consumption of the metal thin wall is increased, and due to the high loss factor characteristic of the viscoelastic damping layer II, the external mechanical energy is converted into internal energy consumption. The protective metal plate II of the back explosion surface and the protective metal plate I of the explosion-facing surface are made of the same material and are used as the last layer of protective structure, and the integrity of the structure is ensured when the structure is excited by the outside.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the multilayer composite energy-absorbing material for the honeycomb damping unit disclosed by the invention can be used for carrying out five-level grading energy consumption aiming at the action deformation of an external load on a protective metal plate I on a blast-facing surface, so that the protection efficiency is greatly improved. When the structure deformation does not reach the four-stage energy consumption stage, the structure can be repeatedly used, and the protection performance basically keeps consistent, so that the defect of one-time protection of the traditional structure is overcome, and the utilization rate is improved.
(2) In the secondary energy absorption structure, the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer consists of a plurality of honeycomb structure units and energy absorption columns, and each honeycomb cavity can effectively disperse shock waves so as to reduce the damage of the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer to the structure; meanwhile, when the external load action is not enough to completely crush the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer, the structure can be restored under the driving of the polyurea elastic energy absorption column; therefore, the aim of repeated use is fulfilled to a certain extent.
(3) The multi-layer composite energy-absorbing material of the honeycomb damping unit can flexibly adjust the size and the position of the protective armor according to the requirements of a protective object and the protection level, is not limited by the protection position, is easy to construct by a metal plate, can be made into an assembled structure, and is convenient to install.
(4) The honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy absorption material realizes the light weight of the structure through the hollow composite structure of the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer; and the oxygen indexes of the viscoelastic damping layer and the anti-explosion polyurea coating are 28-30%, and the viscoelastic damping layer and the anti-explosion polyurea coating are both made of flame-retardant materials, so that the flame-retardant coating has good flame-retardant performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy-absorbing material according to the present application; wherein, 1 is protection metal sheet I, 2 is the polyurea coating, 3 is the honeycomb damping energy-absorbing layer, 4 is intermediate layer metal sheet, 5 is viscoelastic damping layer I, 6 is the thin wall energy-absorbing pipe, 7 is high strength spring, 8 is viscoelastic damping layer II, 9 is viscoelastic damping layer III, 10 is protection metal sheet II, 11 is polyurea elastic energy-absorbing post, 12 is the honeycomb aluminium energy-absorbing board.
FIG. 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional structure diagram of a honeycomb damping energy absorption layer.
FIG. 3 is a graph of loss modulus versus temperature for viscoelastic damping material at different frequencies; wherein the curves a-e represent 1Hz, 5Hz, 10Hz, 25Hz, 50Hz, respectively.
FIG. 4 is a plot of storage modulus versus temperature for viscoelastic damping material at different frequencies; wherein the curves a-e represent 1Hz, 5Hz, 10Hz, 25Hz, 50Hz, respectively.
FIG. 5 is a plot of peak modulus versus frequency for a viscoelastic damping material; wherein a is loss modulus; and b is the storage modulus.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of loss factor with temperature of a viscoelastic damping material at different frequencies; wherein the curves a-e represent 1Hz, 5Hz, 10Hz, 25Hz, 50Hz, respectively.
FIG. 7 is a stress-strain curve of a polyurea elastomer under the action of different strain rates.
FIG. 8 is a TG-DTG curve of a high strength polyurea elastomer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1: damping performance analysis of viscoelastic damping material
In order to test the damping performance of the viscoelastic damping material, the dynamic mechanical properties of the viscoelastic damping material were tested by using a DMA-Q800 dynamic mechanical analyzer manufactured by TA of America, and the loss modulus (FIG. 3), the storage modulus (FIG. 4) and the loss factor curve (FIG. 6) of the material were obtained
As can be seen from fig. 3, when the frequency is constant, the loss modulus and the storage modulus of the viscoelastic damping material show different laws in 3 different temperature ranges. The material is in a glass state at-80 to-40 ℃, the molecular chain segment is in a frozen state, the loss modulus is smaller than the storage modulus, but the material slowly increases with the increase of the temperature, the storage modulus of the material is higher, and the material is reduced with the increase of the temperature; the mechanical property of the stage corresponds to the high strain rate action stage of the material and is expressed as high elastic modulus. The temperature of-40 to 20 ℃ is a glass transition region, and the loss modulus of the material in the region is increased and then decreased. The peak value of the loss modulus is obtained at minus 30 to minus 20 ℃, and the storage modulus is sharply reduced. The rubber is in a rubber state at the temperature of 20-100 ℃, and the loss modulus and the storage modulus of the material in the area are slowly reduced to be stable.
The present application also investigated the effect of frequency on the modulus peak of the material and the temperature change corresponding to the peak, as shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from the curve variation trend, with the increase of the frequency, the peak value of the loss modulus of the material is reduced and tends to be smooth, and the peak value of the storage modulus of the material is increased. When the frequency is increased from 1Hz to 50Hz, the loss modulus is increased from 197.9MPa to 175.7MPa, the reduction amplitude is 22.2MPa, and the reduction is 11.2 percent; and the peak value of the storage modulus is changed from 1443.2MPa to 1522.5MPa, the increase amplitude is 79.3MPa, and the increase is 5.49 percent. It can be seen that the frequency has a more significant effect on the peak loss modulus, but it can be seen from the figure that the loss modulus of the material gradually approaches a constant value as the frequency increases.
As can be seen from fig. 6, when the frequency is constant, the loss factor of the material generally shows a tendency of rapidly increasing and then rapidly decreasing with increasing temperature, and reaches a peak in a certain temperature range. Within the temperature range of minus 80 ℃ to 0 ℃, the loss factor of the material rapidly increases along with the rise of the temperature, and reaches a peak value within the temperature range of minus 20 ℃ to 20 ℃.
Through the dynamic mechanical property test of the viscoelastic damping material and the analysis verification of loss modulus, storage modulus and loss factor, the following results are obtained: when the viscoelastic damping material acts at a high strain rate, the material has a high loss factor, can effectively dissipate external mechanical energy and convert the external mechanical energy into internal energy, and can effectively improve the anti-explosion performance of the protective structure.
Example 2: performance analysis of high-Strength polyurea Elastomers
(1) High-strength polyurea elastomer strain rate sensitivity analysis
In order to verify that the polyurea elastomer has high strain rate sensitivity, a mechanical property test is carried out on the polyurea coating by adopting a universal mechanical testing machine, and the stress-strain curve of the obtained material is shown in figure 7.
As can be seen from the stress-strain curve of the material, under the action of low strain rate, the strength of the polyurea is obviously changed under the strain rates of different orders of magnitude; as the strain rate increases, the elastic stage of the strain becomes longer gradually, the elastic modulus also changes to a certain degree, and the strain decreases accordingly. However, the polyurea elastomer has a high elongation at break, and the deformation thereof still satisfies the actual requirement. According to the WLF equation, under the action of high strain rate, the mechanical strength of the polyurea elastomer is further improved and is higher than the existing measurement value, so that the polyurea elastomer meets the actual deformation requirement and has higher strength.
(2) Analysis of thermal stability of high-Strength polyurea elastomer
And performing TG test on the high-strength polyurea elastomer, and performing thermal weight loss behavior of the sample in a thermogravimetric analyzer. 6.44mg of the sample is placed in an alumina crucible, heated to 750 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min under a nitrogen environment, and kept at the temperature for 1 h. The test experimental equipment is a TA-SDTQ600 thermal comprehensive analyzer in the United states.
Thermal performance tests were performed on the viscoelastic damping material using a thermogravimetry, and the thermogravimetry curve is shown in fig. 8. As can be seen by the thermogravimetric curve, the initial thermal degradation temperature was 231.87 ℃ over the experimental temperature range. This parameter can be used to evaluate its thermal stability. The temperatures at which the material remained half the initial mass and at which the residual mass tended to stabilize were 376.5 ℃ and 512.6 ℃ respectively, and the loss of material mass was due to the pyrolysis reaction of the material, and the final residual mass was about 7.7% of the mass of the raw material, indicating that the material had good thermal stability.
Example 3:
the multi-layer composite energy-absorbing material of the honeycomb damping unit sequentially comprises a protective metal plate I (1), a high-strength polyurea coating (2), a honeycomb damping energy-absorbing layer (3) and an energy processing layer. The honeycomb damping energy absorption layer (3) is connected with each adjacent layer by a viscoelastic damping material. The viscoelastic damping material is a two-component viscoelastic damping material modified based on polyurea; wherein the component A is isocyanate, the index R value of the isocyanate is 0.8, and the component B is an amino compound.
The honeycomb damping energy absorption layer (3) is composed of a honeycomb aluminum energy absorption plate (12) and a plurality of polyurea elastic energy absorption columns (11), the honeycomb aluminum energy absorption plate (12) is composed of a plurality of honeycomb structural units, and each polyurea elastic energy absorption column (11) is filled in each honeycomb structural unit. The honeycomb structure unit is a hexagon, and the side length of the hexagon is 8 mm; the honeycomb structure units are made of aluminum alloy, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy is 0.03 mm; the height of the honeycomb structural unit (namely the thickness of the honeycomb aluminum energy absorption plate/the thickness of the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer) is 14 mm. The polyurea elastic energy absorption column (11) is 5mm in radius and the height of the polyurea elastic energy absorption column is the same as that of the honeycomb structure unit.
The energy processing layer sequentially comprises an interlayer metal plate (4), a viscoelastic damping layer I (5), a high-strength spring (7), a thin-wall energy absorption pipe (8), a viscoelastic damping layer II (8) and a protective metal plate II (10); one end of the high-strength spring (7) is fixed in the viscoelastic damping layer I (5), and the other end of the high-strength spring (7) is fixed in the thin-wall energy absorption tube (6) through a viscoelastic damping material III (9); one end, far away from the high-strength spring (7), of the thin-wall energy absorption pipe (6) is fixed in the viscoelastic damping layer II (8), and the viscoelastic damping layer III (9) in the thin-wall energy absorption pipe (6) is equal to the viscoelastic damping layer II (8) outside in height.
The viscoelastic damping layer is the same as the viscoelastic damping material, and the two-component viscoelastic damping material modified based on polyurea is adopted. The thickness of the viscoelastic damping layer I (5) is 10 mm; the thickness of the viscoelastic damping layer II (8) and the viscoelastic damping layer III (9) is 22 mm. The thin-wall energy absorption pipe (6) is made of aluminum alloy; the height h of the thin-wall energy absorption pipe (6) is 33 mm. The high-strength spring (7) has a compressive stress of 880MPa, and the height of the high-strength spring (7) is 40 mm. The interlayer metal plate (4) is made of high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 3.5 mm; as an energy transfer structure, when the energy transfer structure is excited by the outside, the integrity of the composite structure is ensured, and the deformation is transferred to the next layer of energy absorption structure.
The protective metal plate I (1) and the protective metal plate II (10) both adopt high-strength anti-knock alloy with the thickness of 10 mm; the polyurea coating (2) is formed on the inner side of the protective metal plate I (1) through a spraying process, the elastic modulus of the polyurea coating (2) is 185MPa, and the thickness of the polyurea coating is 6 mm. The protective metal plate II is a base plate of the back explosion surface of the anti-explosion composite armor, is made of the same material as the protective metal plate I and serves as the last layer of protective structure, and the integrity of the structure is guaranteed when the structure is excited by the outside.
The preparation method of the honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy-absorbing material comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing a protective metal plate I, firstly polishing the inner side of the metal plate I, and spraying primer to improve the adhesive force between the polyurea coating and the metal plate. After the surface of the primer is dried, spraying a high-strength polyurea elastomer with a certain thickness to form a high-strength polyurea coating; and (3) pouring a viscoelastic damping material on the high-strength polyurea coating, immediately inserting the honeycomb aluminum energy-absorbing plate and the polyurea elastomer energy-absorbing column into the viscoelastic damping material, and curing at normal temperature for 12 hours to obtain the honeycomb damping energy-absorbing layer. And after the maintenance is finished, pouring a viscoelastic damping material on the surface of the interlayer metal plate, inserting the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer, and maintaining for 12 hours to finish the fixation.
(b) Preparing a protective metal plate II, polishing the inner side surface of the metal plate, and fixing the metal thin-wall energy absorption tube on the surface of the protective metal plate II by adopting a small amount of viscoelastic damping material. And after the surface of the viscoelastic damping material is dried, pouring the viscoelastic damping material with a certain thickness around the metal thin-wall energy absorption pipe to obtain a viscoelastic damping layer II. And placing the high-strength spring in the center of the metal thin-wall energy absorption pipe, pouring a viscoelastic damping material with the same height as the external viscoelastic damping layer II into the metal thin-wall energy absorption pipe, and drying the surface to obtain a viscoelastic damping layer III.
(c) The protective metal plate II fixed with the high-strength spring is reversely buckled; pouring a viscoelastic damping material with a certain thickness on the interlayer metal plate to obtain a viscoelastic damping layer I; and quickly immersing the high-strength spring in the damping layer I until the viscoelastic damping layer I is surface-dried. And curing for 24 hours to obtain the multilayer composite energy-absorbing material.
The application of the multilayer composite energy-absorbing material of the honeycomb damping unit is applied to the explosion prevention of the vehicle or the building, and specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) mounting/fixing the composite energy-absorbing material on the outer layer of a vehicle or a building to be used as an energy-absorbing protective layer.
Example 4:
unlike example 3, the honeycomb structure unit was a hexagon, the side length of which was 12 mm; the honeycomb structure unit is made of aluminum alloy, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy is 0.05 mm. The height of the honeycomb structural unit is 24 mm. The polyurea elastic energy absorption column (11) is 9mm in radius and the height of the polyurea elastic energy absorption column is the same as that of the honeycomb structure unit.
The thickness of the viscoelastic damping layer I (5) is 12 mm; the thickness of the viscoelastic damping layer II (8) and the viscoelastic damping layer III (9) is 27 mm. The height h of the thin-wall energy absorption pipe (6) is 40 mm. The compression stress of the high-strength spring (7) is 820MPa, and the height of the high-strength spring (7) is 48 mm. The interlayer metal plate (4) is made of high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 4 mm.
The protective metal plate I (1) and the protective metal plate II (10) both adopt high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 8 mm; the polyurea coating (2) is formed on the inner side of the protective metal plate I (1) through a spraying process, and the elastic modulus of the polyurea coating (2) is 260 MPa.
Example 5:
unlike example 3, the honeycomb structure unit was a hexagon, the side length of which was 15 mm; the honeycomb structure unit is made of aluminum alloy, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy is 0.08 mm. The height of the honeycomb structural unit was 30 mm. The polyurea elastic energy absorption column (11) has the radius of 12mm and the height same as that of the honeycomb structure unit.
The thickness of the viscoelastic damping layer I (5) is 15 mm; the thickness of the viscoelastic damping layer II (8) and the viscoelastic damping layer III (9) is 39 mm. The height h of the thin-wall energy absorption pipe (6) is 46 mm. The high-strength spring (7) has a compression stress of 760MPa, and the height of the high-strength spring (7) is 56 mm. The interlayer metal plate (4) is made of high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 5 mm.
The protective metal plate I (1) and the protective metal plate II (10) both adopt high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 5 mm; the polyurea coating (2) is formed on the inner side of the protective metal plate I (1) through a spraying process, and the elastic modulus of the polyurea coating (2) is 210 MPa.
Claims (10)
1. The multi-layer composite energy-absorbing material of the honeycomb damping unit sequentially comprises a protective metal plate I (1), a high-strength polyurea coating (2), a honeycomb damping energy-absorbing layer (3) and an energy processing layer; the method is characterized in that: the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer (3) is connected with each adjacent layer by a viscoelastic damping material; the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer (3) is composed of a honeycomb aluminum energy absorption plate (12) and a plurality of polyurea elastic energy absorption columns (11), the honeycomb aluminum energy absorption plate (12) is composed of a plurality of honeycomb structure units, and each polyurea elastic energy absorption column (11) is filled in each honeycomb structure unit; the energy processing layer sequentially comprises an interlayer metal plate (4), a viscoelastic damping layer I (5), a high-strength spring (7), a thin-wall energy absorption pipe (8), a viscoelastic damping layer II (8) and a protective metal plate II (10); one end of the high-strength spring (7) is fixed in the viscoelastic damping layer I (5), and the other end of the high-strength spring (7) is fixed in the thin-wall energy absorption tube (6) through a viscoelastic damping material III (9); one end, far away from the high-strength spring (7), of the thin-wall energy absorption pipe (6) is fixed in the viscoelastic damping layer II (8), and the viscoelastic damping layer III (9) in the thin-wall energy absorption pipe (6) is equal to the viscoelastic damping layer II (8) outside in height.
2. The honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy absorbing material of claim 1, wherein: the honeycomb structure unit is a hexagon, and the side length of the hexagon is 8-15 mm; the honeycomb structure unit is made of aluminum alloy, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy is 0.03-0.08 mm; the height of the honeycomb structure unit is 14-30 mm; the radius of the polyurea elastic energy absorption column (11) is 5-12mm, and the height of the polyurea elastic energy absorption column is the same as that of the honeycomb structure unit.
3. The honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy absorbing material of claim 2, wherein: the height H of the thin-wall energy absorption pipe (6) is 3/5 of the height H of the energy treatment layer; the thickness d of the viscoelastic damping layer II (8) and the viscoelastic damping layer III (9) is larger than 2/3 of the height h of the energy absorption pipe and smaller than 7/8 of the height h of the energy absorption pipe.
4. The honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy absorbing material of claim 2, wherein: the thickness of the viscoelastic damping layer I (5) is 10-15 mm; the height h of the thin-wall energy absorption pipe (6) is 33-46 mm; the thickness of the viscoelastic damping layer II (8) and the viscoelastic damping layer III (9) is 22-41 mm; the height h of the high-strength spring (7) is not less than 1.2 times of the height h of the thin-wall energy absorption tube (6) and is not more than 56 mm.
5. The honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy absorbing material according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the compression stress of the high-strength spring (7) is 750MPa-900MPa, and the thin-wall energy absorption pipe (6) is made of aluminum alloy; the interlayer metal plate (4) is made of high-strength anti-explosion alloy with the thickness of 3.5-5 mm.
6. The honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy absorbing material according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the viscoelastic damping layer is made of a polyurea modified two-component viscoelastic damping material; wherein the component A is isocyanate, the index R value of the isocyanate is 0.8, and the component B is an amino compound.
7. The honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy absorbing material according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the protective metal plate I (1) and the protective metal plate II (10) both adopt high-strength anti-knock alloy with the thickness of 5-10 mm; the polyurea coating (2) is formed on the inner side of the protective metal plate I (1) through a spraying process, the elastic modulus of the polyurea coating (2) is 180 MPa-260 MPa, and the thickness of the polyurea coating is 6 mm.
8. The honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy absorbing material of claim 7, wherein: the polyurea coating (2) is formed by the reaction of A, B two components, wherein the component A is isocyanate prepolymer, and the component B is composed of amino-terminated polyether, amine chain extender and auxiliary agent.
9. The method for preparing the honeycomb damping unit multilayer composite energy-absorbing material according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing a protective metal plate I, firstly polishing the inner side of the metal plate I, and spraying primer; after the surface of the primer is dried, spraying a high-strength polyurea elastomer with a certain thickness to form a high-strength polyurea coating; pouring a viscoelastic damping material on the high-strength polyurea coating, immediately inserting the honeycomb aluminum energy-absorbing plate and the polyurea elastomer energy-absorbing column into the viscoelastic damping material, and curing at normal temperature for 12 hours to obtain a honeycomb damping energy-absorbing layer; after curing is finished, pouring a viscoelastic damping material on the surface of the interlayer metal plate, inserting the honeycomb damping energy absorption layer, and curing for 12 hours to finish fixing;
(b) preparing a protective metal plate II, polishing the inner side surface of the metal plate, and fixing a metal thin-wall energy absorption pipe on the surface of the protective metal plate II by adopting a small amount of viscoelastic damping material; after the surface of the viscoelastic damping material is dried, pouring the viscoelastic damping material with a certain thickness around the metal thin-wall energy absorption pipe to obtain a viscoelastic damping layer II; placing a high-strength spring in the center of the metal thin-wall energy absorption pipe, and pouring a viscoelastic damping material with the same height as the external viscoelastic damping layer II into the metal thin-wall energy absorption pipe to obtain a viscoelastic damping layer III;
(c) the protective metal plate II fixed with the high-strength spring is reversely buckled; pouring a viscoelastic damping material with a certain thickness on the interlayer metal plate to obtain a viscoelastic damping layer I; quickly immersing the high-strength spring in the damping layer I until the surface of the viscoelastic damping layer I is dry; and curing for 24 hours to obtain the multilayer composite energy-absorbing material.
10. Use of the cellular damping unit multilayer composite energy absorbing material according to claims 1-8, characterized in that: the explosion-proof kang explosion-proof device is applied to explosion-proof kang explosion of vehicles or buildings, and specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) mounting/fixing the composite energy-absorbing material on the outer layer of a vehicle or a building to be used as an energy-absorbing protective layer.
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