CN110804291A - Biodegradable composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biodegradable composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110804291A CN110804291A CN201911237441.2A CN201911237441A CN110804291A CN 110804291 A CN110804291 A CN 110804291A CN 201911237441 A CN201911237441 A CN 201911237441A CN 110804291 A CN110804291 A CN 110804291A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K2003/321—Phosphates
- C08K2003/325—Calcium, strontium or barium phosphate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/10—Transparent films; Clear coatings; Transparent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
Abstract
The invention provides a biodegradable composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of degradable materials. The biodegradable composite material provided by the invention comprises the following components in parts by mass: 80-100 parts of polylactic acid, 30-50 parts of polycaprolactone, 5-10 parts of cellulose fiber, 1-5 parts of hydroxyapatite, 1-5 parts of calcium silicate and 10-15 parts of clay. In the biodegradable composite material provided by the invention, the cellulose fiber, the hydroxyapatite, the calcium silicate and the clay can be fully dispersed in the polylactic acid and the polycaprolactone, so that the mechanical property of the biodegradable composite material is effectively improved. In addition, the polylactic acid is added, so that the composite material provided by the invention has the advantages of high transparency and good glossiness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of degradable materials, in particular to a biodegradable composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Since the advent of plastic products in the 30's of the 20 th century, plastic products were widely used in various fields of human life due to their unique properties, and common plastic products include polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and the like. With the widespread use of plastic products, the amount of plastic waste generated therefrom has also increased dramatically, especially the disposal of disposable plastic bags and disposable tableware, causing severe white contamination. However, the plastic products are piled in the environment for a long time, are difficult to be degraded by microorganisms in the environment, have great influence on the ecological environment and are not beneficial to environmental protection.
In recent years, biodegradable materials have gained wide attention. The biodegradable material is a material which can be degraded by microorganisms such as bacteria, mould, algae and the like in the nature, and is called as a green ecological material. However, the mechanical properties of the biodegradable material are still to be improved compared with those of the conventional plastic products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a biodegradable composite material and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a biodegradable composite material which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
the biodegradable composite material provided by the invention preferably comprises the following components in parts by mass:
preferably, the length of the cellulose fiber is 2-3 mm, and the diameter of the cellulose fiber is 15-20 microns.
Preferably, the particle size of the clay is 10-50 μm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the biodegradable composite material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, cellulose fiber, hydroxyapatite, calcium silicate and clay, and then sequentially carrying out melt blending and granulation treatment to obtain the biodegradable composite material.
Preferably, the mixing is high-speed stirring mixing, the rotating speed of the mixing is 2000-4000 r/min, and the mixing time is 30-60 min.
Preferably, the melt blending is carried out in a double-screw extruder, the melt blending temperature is 150-200 ℃, and the screw rotating speed of the melt blending is 200-300 rpm.
The invention provides a biodegradable composite material which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 80-100 parts of polylactic acid, 30-50 parts of polycaprolactone, 5-10 parts of cellulose fiber, 1-5 parts of hydroxyapatite, 1-5 parts of calcium silicate and 10-15 parts of clay. In the biodegradable composite material provided by the invention, the cellulose fiber, the hydroxyapatite, the calcium silicate and the clay can be fully dispersed in the polylactic acid and the polycaprolactone, so that the mechanical property of the biodegradable composite material is effectively improved; and the addition of polycaprolactone is also beneficial to improving the mechanical property of the biodegradable composite material. In addition, the biodegradable composite material provided by the invention takes polylactic acid as a main component, so that the composite material provided by the invention has the advantages of high transparency and good glossiness.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a biodegradable composite material which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
in the present invention, all the raw materials are commercially available.
The biodegradable composite material provided by the invention comprises 80-100 parts by mass of polylactic acid, preferably 85-95 parts by mass, and more preferably 88-92 parts by mass. According to the invention, by adding the polylactic acid and controlling the dosage of the polylactic acid within the range, the composite material provided by the invention has the advantages of high transparency and good glossiness.
Based on the mass part of polylactic acid, the biodegradable composite material provided by the invention comprises 30-50 parts of polycaprolactone, preferably 35-45 parts, and more preferably 38-42 parts.
Based on the mass part of polylactic acid, the biodegradable composite material provided by the invention comprises 5-10 mass parts of cellulose fiber, preferably 6-9 mass parts, and more preferably 7-8 mass parts. In the present invention, the length of the cellulose fiber is preferably 2 to 3mm, and the diameter of the cellulose fiber is preferably 15 to 20 μm. The invention is beneficial to improving the mechanical property of the biodegradable composite material by adding the cellulose fiber.
Based on the mass part of polylactic acid, the biodegradable composite material provided by the invention comprises 1-5 parts of hydroxyapatite by mass, preferably 2-4 parts. Based on the mass part of polylactic acid, the biodegradable composite material provided by the invention comprises 1-5 mass parts of calcium silicate, and preferably 2-4 mass parts. In the invention, after the hydroxyapatite, the calcium silicate and the polylactic acid are compounded, the mechanical property of the polylactic acid can be effectively improved.
Based on the mass part of polylactic acid, the biodegradable composite material provided by the invention comprises 10-15 parts of clay, preferably 11-14 parts, and more preferably 12-13 parts. In the invention, the particle size of the clay is preferably 10-50 μm, more preferably 15-45 μm, and even more preferably 20-40 μm. In the invention, the clay can be fully dispersed in the polylactic acid, and the mechanical property of the composite material is effectively improved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the biodegradable composite material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, cellulose fiber, hydroxyapatite, calcium silicate and clay, and then sequentially carrying out melt blending and granulation treatment to obtain the biodegradable composite material.
In the invention, the mixing is preferably carried out by stirring at a high speed, the rotation speed of the mixing is preferably 2000-4000 r/min, more preferably 2500-3500 r/min, and the mixing time is preferably 30-60 min, more preferably 40-50 min. The invention preferably mixes the raw materials by high-speed stirring, which is beneficial to the full mixing of the raw materials.
After the mixing is finished, the invention carries out melting blending and granulation treatment on the mixed raw materials in sequence. In the invention, the melt blending is preferably carried out in a double-screw extruder, and the temperature of the melt blending is preferably 150-200 ℃, more preferably 160-190 ℃; the rotation speed of the melt blending screw is preferably 200-300 rpm, and more preferably 220-280 rpm.
After the melt blending is completed, the present invention performs granulation treatment on the melted material, and the granulation method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a method known to those skilled in the art may be used.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
Adding 80 parts of polylactic acid, 30 parts of polycaprolactone, 5 parts of cellulose fiber, 1 part of hydroxyapatite, 1 part of calcium silicate and 10 parts of clay into a high-speed stirrer, stirring and mixing at the stirring speed of 2000r/min for 30 min. And then injecting the mixed materials into a double-screw extruder for melting, blending and granulating to obtain the biodegradable composite material, wherein the temperature of melting and blending is 150 ℃, and the rotating speed of a screw is 200 rpm.
Example 2
Adding 90 parts by mass of polylactic acid, 35 parts by mass of polycaprolactone, 10 parts by mass of cellulose fiber, 4 parts by mass of hydroxyapatite, 1 part by mass of calcium silicate and 14 parts by mass of clay into a high-speed stirrer, stirring and mixing at the stirring speed of 2500r/min for 35 min. And then injecting the mixed materials into a double-screw extruder for melt blending and granulation treatment to obtain the biodegradable composite material, wherein the melt blending temperature is 155 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 210 rpm.
Example 3
Adding 85 parts of polylactic acid, 50 parts of polycaprolactone, 6 parts of cellulose fiber, 2 parts of hydroxyapatite, 4 parts of calcium silicate and 10 parts of clay into a high-speed stirrer, stirring and mixing at the stirring speed of 3000r/min for 40 min. And then injecting the mixed materials into a double-screw extruder for melting, blending and granulating to obtain the biodegradable composite material, wherein the melting and blending temperature is 180 ℃, and the screw rotating speed is 240 rpm.
Example 4
95 parts of polylactic acid, 40 parts of polycaprolactone, 8 parts of cellulose fiber, 3 parts of hydroxyapatite, 3 parts of calcium silicate and 14 parts of clay are added into a high-speed stirrer to be stirred and mixed, the stirring speed is 3500r/min, and the stirring and mixing are carried out for 50 min. And then injecting the mixed materials into a double-screw extruder for melt blending and granulation treatment to obtain the biodegradable composite material, wherein the melt blending temperature is 190 ℃, and the screw rotating speed is 250 rpm.
Example 5
100 parts of polylactic acid, 50 parts of polycaprolactone, 10 parts of cellulose fiber, 5 parts of hydroxyapatite, 5 parts of calcium silicate and 15 parts of clay are added into a high-speed stirrer to be stirred and mixed, the stirring speed is 4000r/min, and the stirring and mixing are carried out for 60 min. And then injecting the mixed materials into a double-screw extruder for melting, blending and granulating to obtain the biodegradable composite material, wherein the melting and blending temperature is 200 ℃, and the screw rotating speed is 300 rpm.
Comparative example 1
The test was carried out as in example 1, with the difference that no cellulose fibres were added.
Comparative example 2
The test was carried out according to the method of example 1, with the difference that hydroxyapatite and calcium silicate were not added.
Comparative example 3
The experiment was carried out according to the method of example 1, with the difference that no clay was added.
The biodegradable composite materials prepared in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3 were prepared into films by using a single-screw film blowing machine, the mechanical properties of the films were tested, and the test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 mechanical properties of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3
The test results in table 1 show that the biodegradable composite material provided by the invention has better mechanical properties, and the tensile strength and the elongation at break are higher than those of the comparative example.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The biodegradable composite material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
2. the biodegradable composite material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
3. biodegradable composite according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said cellulose fibres have a length comprised between 2 and 3mm and a diameter comprised between 15 and 20 μm.
4. The biodegradable composite material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the clay has a particle size of 10-50 μm.
5. A method for preparing the biodegradable composite material as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
mixing polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, cellulose fiber, hydroxyapatite, calcium silicate and clay, and then sequentially carrying out melt blending and granulation treatment to obtain the biodegradable composite material.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the mixing is high-speed stirring mixing, the rotation speed of the mixing is 2000-4000 r/min, and the mixing time is 30-60 min.
7. The method for preparing the polypropylene composition according to claim 5, wherein the melt blending is carried out in a twin-screw extruder, the melt blending temperature is 150 to 200 ℃, and the screw rotation speed of the melt blending is 200 to 300 rpm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911237441.2A CN110804291A (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2019-11-26 | Biodegradable composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911237441.2A CN110804291A (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2019-11-26 | Biodegradable composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110804291A true CN110804291A (en) | 2020-02-18 |
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| CN201911237441.2A Pending CN110804291A (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2019-11-26 | Biodegradable composite material and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111410826A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-07-14 | 泉州市华创园智能研究有限公司 | Degradable antibacterial environment-friendly straw and preparation method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107603178A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-19 | 四会市启德信息咨询服务有限公司 | A kind of heat-resisting biodegradable plastic material |
| CN109749381A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-05-14 | 福建师范大学 | A kind of biomass-based masterbatch and preparation method thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-11-26 CN CN201911237441.2A patent/CN110804291A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107603178A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-19 | 四会市启德信息咨询服务有限公司 | A kind of heat-resisting biodegradable plastic material |
| CN109749381A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-05-14 | 福建师范大学 | A kind of biomass-based masterbatch and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111410826A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-07-14 | 泉州市华创园智能研究有限公司 | Degradable antibacterial environment-friendly straw and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200218 |