CN110803720A - Multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary positive electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary positive electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material, which comprises the following steps: mixing the ternary positive electrode material with phosphotungstate particles and borate particles, preserving the heat for 2-8h at the temperature of 200-400 ℃ in an aerobic environment, and then cooling to room temperature to form the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary positive electrode material. The method has the advantage of improving the problems of structural fracture and cycle performance reduction of the single crystal ternary cathode material caused by surface side reaction in the charging and discharging processes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion battery anode materials, in particular to a multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary anode material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The applicant, Beijing university of Engineers, filed an invention patent CN201811492423.4 in 2018, which discloses a surface layer coated lithium tungstate and W-doped ternary cathode material, wherein the surface layer coated lithium tungstate and W-doped ternary cathode material comprises a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode material and a lithium tungstate layer attached outside the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode material; the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary positive electrode material is LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2Wherein x is>0.6，y>0，1-x-y>0; and doping W ions in a region of the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary positive electrode material which extends inwards by 5-10nm to form a W ion doping layer.
The method is realized by adopting a one-step method, namely adding a tungsten source in the process of mixing a precursor and a lithium salt, and then calcining at high temperature to obtain the precursor. The surface layer is coated with the lithium tungstate and W-doped ternary cathode material, so that the problems of poor overall cycle performance and the like of the high-nickel ternary cathode material due to unstable surface layer structure in the cycle process can be solved, and the electrochemical performance and structural stability of the ternary cathode material are improved by utilizing the synergistic effect of coating and doping, so that the high-performance high-nickel ternary cathode material is obtained.
After the cycle lasts for 50 weeks, compared with the cycle performance of the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode material, the cycle capacity retention rate of the ternary cathode material coated with lithium tungstate and doped with W on the surface layer is about: 95 to 97.5 percent, and the cycle retention rate of the latter is 93 percent.
The technical problem that this application will solve is: in the charge and discharge process of the single crystal ternary cathode material, the contact surface of the single crystal ternary cathode material and electrolyte can generate side reaction, so that the technical problems of structural fracture, gas expansion and reduction of cycle performance are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material, which has the advantage of improving the problems of structural fracture and cycle performance reduction of the single crystal ternary cathode material caused by surface side reaction in the charging and discharging processes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material comprises the following steps: mixing the ternary positive electrode material with phosphotungstate particles and borate particles, preserving the heat for 2-8h at the temperature of 200-400 ℃ in an aerobic environment, and then cooling to room temperature to form the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary positive electrode material.
In the preparation method of the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material, the ternary cathode material is LiNixCoyMn(1-x-y)O2Wherein x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.65, y is more than 0 and less than 1.0, and x + y is more than 0 and less than 1.0.
In the preparation method of the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material, the mass ratio of the ternary cathode material to the phosphotungstate particles to the borate particles is 100: 0.5-5: 0.2-3.
In the preparation method of the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material, the phosphotungstate particles are one of ammonium phosphotungstate and lithium phosphotungstate; the borate particles are one of lithium tetraborate and lithium metaborate.
In the above preparation method of the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material, the oxygen volume ratio content in the aerobic environment is 20 vol% -100 vol%.
In the above preparation method of the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing a ternary positive electrode material, phosphotungstate particles and borate particles together;
step 2: preserving heat for 2-8 hours at 200-400 ℃ in an aerobic environment;
and step 3: cooling to room temperature to form a multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material;
the cooling time in the cooling process is 5-10 hours.
In the preparation method of the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material, the particle size of the phosphotungstate particles is 0.1-2 um; the particle size of the borate particles is 0.1um-2 um.
In the preparation method of the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material, the particle size of the ternary cathode material is 1.0-5.0 um.
In the preparation method of the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material, the ternary cathode material, phosphotungstate particles and borate particles are mixed in a solid phase or mixed in a liquid phase.
Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material which is prepared by adopting the method
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has the advantage of improving the problems of structural fracture and cycle performance reduction caused by surface side reaction of the single crystal ternary cathode material in the charging and discharging processes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the results of electrical property tests of examples 1 to 4 of the present invention and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing a ternary positive electrode material, phosphotungstate particles and borate particles together;
the ternary positive electrode material in the step is LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2；
The mass ratio of the ternary positive electrode material to the phosphotungstate particles to the borate particles is 100: 0.5: 0.2.
step 2: preserving the heat for 8 hours at 200 ℃ in an aerobic environment;
specifically, under a standard atmospheric pressure, in an aerobic atmosphere, the oxygen content was 50%, the oxygen aeration rate was 50ml/min, the argon content was 50%, and the argon aeration rate was 50ml/min, and gas supply was continued.
And step 3: cooling to room temperature to obtain the final product.
In this process, the cooling time was 5 hours.
The scanning electron micrograph of example 1 shows that a dot-shaped coating layer having a diameter of 10 to 200nm is present on the surface.
Example 2
A preparation method of a multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing a ternary positive electrode material, phosphotungstate particles and borate particles together;
the ternary positive electrode material in the step is LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2；
The mass ratio of the ternary anode material to the phosphotungstate particles to the borate particles is as follows: 100: 5: 3
Step 2: preserving the heat for 4 hours at 400 ℃ in an aerobic environment;
specifically, under standard atmospheric pressure, in an aerobic atmosphere, the oxygen content was 80%, the oxygen aeration rate was 80ml/min, the argon content was 20%, and the argon aeration rate was 20ml/min, and gas supply was continued. And step 3: cooling to room temperature to obtain the final product.
In this process, the cooling time was 5 hours.
The scanning electron micrograph of example 2 below shows that the surface has a spot-like coating layer with a diameter of 10 to 200 nm.
Example 3
A preparation method of a multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing a ternary positive electrode material, phosphotungstate particles and borate particles together;
the ternary positive electrode material in the step is LiNi0.55Co0.15Mn0.3O2；
The mass ratio of the ternary positive electrode material to the phosphotungstate particles to the borate particles is 100: 1: 2.
step 2: preserving the heat for 6 hours at 300 ℃ in an aerobic environment;
specifically, the oxygen content was 100% and the oxygen aeration rate was 100ml/min in an aerobic atmosphere at normal atmospheric pressure, and the gas supply was continued.
And step 3: cooling to room temperature to obtain the final product.
In this process, the cooling time was 5 hours.
The scanning electron micrograph of example 3 below shows that the surface has a spot-like coating layer with a diameter of 10 to 200 nm.
Example 4
A preparation method of a multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing a ternary positive electrode material, phosphotungstate particles and borate particles together;
the ternary positive electrode material in the step is LiNi0.65Co0.15Mn0.2O2；
The mass ratio of the ternary anode material to the phosphotungstate particles to the borate particles is as follows: 100: 4: 0.5
Step 2: keeping the temperature for 7 hours at 350 ℃ in an aerobic environment;
specifically, under standard atmospheric pressure, in an aerobic atmosphere, the oxygen content was 20%, the oxygen aeration rate was 20ml/min, the argon content was 80%, and the argon aeration rate was 80ml/min, and gas supply was continued.
And step 3: cooling to room temperature to obtain the final product.
In this process, the cooling time was 5 hours.
The scanning electron micrograph of example 4 below shows that the surface has a spot-like coating layer with a diameter of 10 to 200 nm.
Comparative example 1
Referring to the method described in CN201811492423.4, the ternary cathode material is the same as that in example 1, and an oxygen atmosphere is adopted, which only has a temperature rise stage, where the temperature rise stage is divided into 2 stages of temperature rise, one stage is pre-temperature rise, the temperature rises from room temperature to 500 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 2 ℃/min, and the full time of the pre-temperature rise is 5 hours; the method is characterized in that a calcination stage is followed, the temperature of the calcination stage is increased from 500 ℃ to 750 ℃, the temperature increase rate is 2 ℃/min, and the total time of the calcination stage is 15 h. The flow rate of oxygen in the preheating and calcining stages is controlled at 100-500 ml/min.
And after the calcination stage is finished, taking out the material at the temperature of 750 ℃, cooling and testing the electrochemical performance.
According to the mass ratio of 92: 5: 3, weighing the ternary material, the conductive agent acetylene black and the binder PVDF, uniformly mixing with a dispersant N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) to form slurry, coating the slurry on a current collector aluminum foil, drying at 120 ℃, and cutting into a circular positive pole piece of 1.56cm 2. A metal lithium sheet is used as a negative electrode, and a diaphragm, the positive electrode sheet and an LiPF6 (EC: DEC: 1) electrolyte are combined to assemble a 2016 type button cell in a glove box. Constant current charge and discharge tests were performed on the novei cell test system. And (3) testing conditions are as follows: current 1.0C multiplying power, cycle 100 weeks, voltage range 3.0-4.3V. The structural cracking and the flatulence of the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative example 1 do not occur in the test process; test results refer to fig. 5 and table 1 below;
TABLE 1 test results of examples 1-4 and comparative example 1
| Number of cycles | Comparative example 1 | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| 50 cycle retention | 94.49 | 97.56 | 96.44 | 95.75 | 96.45 |
| Retention rate of 100 cycles | 91.10 | 95.84 | 95.36 | 93.22 | 95.31 |
From the above tests, it was found that comparative example 1 had a significantly deteriorated discharge capacity after 18 cycles, as compared to example 1.
Therefore, the electrical properties of the material can be effectively improved by combining the phosphotungstate particles and the borate particles with a slow cooling method.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps: mixing the ternary positive electrode material with phosphotungstate particles and borate particles, preserving the heat for 2-8h at the temperature of 200-400 ℃ in an aerobic environment, and then cooling to room temperature to form the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary positive electrode material.
2. The method for preparing the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material according to claim 1, wherein the ternary cathode material is LiNixCoyMn(1-x-y)O2Wherein x is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.65, y is more than 0 and less than 1.0, and x + y is more than 0 and less than 1.0.
3. The preparation method of the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the ternary cathode material to the phosphotungstate particles to the borate particles is 100: 0.5-5: 0.2-3.
4. The preparation method of the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material according to claim 3, wherein the phosphotungstate particles are one of ammonium phosphotungstate and lithium phosphotungstate; the borate particles are one of lithium tetraborate and lithium metaborate.
5. The method for preparing the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume ratio content in the aerobic environment is 20 vol% to 100 vol%.
6. The preparation method of the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing a ternary positive electrode material, phosphotungstate particles and borate particles together;
step 2: preserving heat for 2-8 hours at 200-400 ℃ in an aerobic environment;
and step 3: cooling to room temperature to form a multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material;
the cooling time in the cooling process is 5-10 hours.
7. The method for preparing the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the particle size of the phosphotungstate particles is 0.1um to 2 um; the particle size of the borate particles is 0.1um-2 um.
8. The method for preparing the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the particle size of the ternary cathode material is 1.0 to 5.0 um.
9. The method for preparing the multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the ternary cathode material is mixed with phosphotungstate particles and borate particles in a solid phase or in a liquid phase.
10. A multi-element coated modified single crystal ternary cathode material, characterized in that it is prepared by the method of any of claims 1-9.
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| CN114772574A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-07-22 | 蜂巢能源科技股份有限公司 | Method for doping cathode material by using heteropoly acid and/or heteropoly acid salt, cathode material and application |
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| CN109742336A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-05-10 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of surface layer coats the tertiary cathode material and preparation method of tungstate lithium and doping W |
| CN109768232A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-05-17 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | A kind of complex phase doping nickel-cobalt-manganternary ternary anode material and its preparation method and application |
| CN110120505A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-13 | 厦门厦钨新能源材料有限公司 | Anode material for lithium-ion batteries, preparation method and lithium ion battery |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109742336A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-05-10 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of surface layer coats the tertiary cathode material and preparation method of tungstate lithium and doping W |
| CN109768232A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-05-17 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | A kind of complex phase doping nickel-cobalt-manganternary ternary anode material and its preparation method and application |
| CN110120505A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-13 | 厦门厦钨新能源材料有限公司 | Anode material for lithium-ion batteries, preparation method and lithium ion battery |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114772574A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-07-22 | 蜂巢能源科技股份有限公司 | Method for doping cathode material by using heteropoly acid and/or heteropoly acid salt, cathode material and application |
| CN114772574B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-12-05 | 蜂巢能源科技股份有限公司 | Method for doping positive electrode material by using heteropolyacid and/or heteropolyacid salt, positive electrode material and application |
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