CN110797873A - Hybrid micro-grid system capable of realizing power smoothing function - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hybrid micro-grid system capable of realizing a power smoothing function, which comprises: 1) main power supply: the diesel generator provides electric energy to control the frequency and voltage of the alternating current side; 2) interconnecting the DC-AC devices: a three-phase bidirectional DC-AC converter is adopted to control the voltage of a direct current side; 3) an alternating-current side energy storage system: the system comprises an alternating-current side super capacitor or an alternating-current side storage battery, and an alternating-current bus is connected through a three-phase bidirectional DC-AC converter; 4) direct current side energy storage system: the direct-current bus comprises a direct-current side super capacitor or a direct-current side storage battery, and is connected to a direct-current bus through a Buck/Boost bidirectional DC-DC converter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of alternating current and direct current hybrid micro-grid system structures, and relates to a hybrid micro-grid system capable of realizing a power smoothing function.
Background
The alternating current-direct current hybrid micro-grid can effectively accommodate various renewable energy sources, but frequent fluctuation and instability of the power of the renewable energy sources bring certain challenges to the voltage and frequency stability of the alternating current-direct current hybrid micro-grid, and the energy storage system can effectively inhibit fluctuation in the micro-grid, reduce the output load of a main power supply and improve the stability of the system [1 ].
How the energy storage system functions needs to be embodied by the control of the DC-DC or DC-AC connected with the energy storage system, so that the power compensation of the energy storage system on the diesel is realized dynamically, and the quick dynamic image response of a control strategy needs to be considered. The conventional droop control [2-4] in the micro-grid can not provide inertial support for the system, and the dynamic response is poor. Most of the current control methods aiming at the dynamic response of the converter are singly concentrated on the alternating current side or the direct current side of the microgrid. For example, a converter in an AC side microgrid applies a virtual resistor [5], a droop control [6] with improved frequency change rate or a virtual synchronous control (VSG) technology [7-8], an integrated droop control [9] with improved frequency change rate, a virtual capacitor droop control [10] in a DC microgrid, a frequency division control [11] based on a three-port converter improvement or a DC virtual inertia control [12-13] and the like. The control methods can improve the dynamic output process or dynamic performance of the power supply in both an alternating current micro-grid and a direct current micro-grid. However, in the ac-dc hybrid microgrid, if the energy storage systems are all configured on the ac side or the dc side, the centralized energy storage can completely adopt some methods to achieve the stabilization of the load disturbance on the side and reduce the output load of the firewood, but if the load disturbance does not occur on the subnet side where the energy storage is configured, the firewood still faces the risk of load impact, so when the ac side and the dc side are both configured with energy storage, the energy storage systems on both sides can be associated by adopting an appropriate method, and the energy storage systems on both sides can dynamically compensate the disturbance no matter which side generates the power disturbance.
For an energy storage system configured in a distributed manner, in the application of a direct current distribution network and a ship power system, documents [14-15] respond to the dynamic change of a direct current side (or an alternating current side) by establishing a relation between a direct current side virtual capacitor dynamic and an alternating current side virtual synchronous control equation and introducing a correlation coefficient to conduct a direct current voltage variable quantity (or an alternating current frequency variable quantity) to an alternating current side energy storage (or a direct current side energy storage). Are all drawbacks of the above methods.
Reference to the literature
[1] Zhao Bo, Wang Chengshan, Zhangsong, island independent type microgrid energy storage type selection and commercial operation mode discussion [ J ] power system automation, 2013,37(4):21-27.
[2]J.Liu,Y.S.Miura,T.Ise.Comparison of Dynamic CharacteristicsBetween Virtual Synchronous Generator and Droop Control in Inverter-BasedDistributed Generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(5):3600-3611.
[3]Jin C,Loh P C,Wang P,et al.Autonomous operation of hybrid AC-DCmicrogrids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(5):2214-2223.
[4]Xin H,Zhang L,Wang Z,et al.Control of Island AC Microgrids Using aFully Distributed Approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(2):943-945.
[5]Sun C,Joos G,Bouffard F.Control of microgrids with distributedenergy storage operating in Islanded mode[C],2017IEEE Electrical Power andEnergy Conference (EPEC).IEEE,2017.
[6]Soni N,Doolla S,Chandorkar M C.Improvement of Transient Responsein Microgrids Using Virtual Inertia[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013, 28(3):1830-1838.
[7] Adaptive control method for rotor inertia of virtual synchronous generator [ J ] power system automation, 2015(19), 82-89.
[8]Li B,Zhou L,Yu X,et al.Improved power decoupling control strategybased on virtual synchronous generator[J].IET Power Electronics,2017, 10(4):462-470.
[9]P.F.Lin,P.Wang,J.F.Xiao,et al.An Integral Droop for TransientPower Allocation and Output Impedance Shaping of Hybrid Energy Storage Systemin DC Microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(7):6262-6277.
[10]Q.W.Xu,X.L.Hu,P.Wang,et al.A Decentralized Dynamic Power SharingStrategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System in Autonomous DC Microgrid[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(7):5930-5941.
[11]P.B.Wang,X.N.Lu,W.Wang,et al.Frequency Division Based CoordinatedControl of Three-Port Converter Interfaced Hybrid Energy Storage Systems inAutonomous DC Microgrids[J].IEEE Access,vol.6,pp.25389-25398,2018. DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2830420.
[12]W.H.Wu,Y.D.Chen,A.Luo,et al.A Virtual Inertia Control Strategyfor DC MicrogridsAnalogized with Virtual Synchronous Machines[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(7):6005-6016.
[13]S.Samanta,J.P.Mishra,B.K.Roy.Virtual DC machine:an inertiaemulation and control technique for a bidirectional DC–DC converter in a DCmicrogrid[J]. IET Electric Power Applications,2018,12(6):874-884.
[14]L.He,Y.Li,Z.K.Shuai,et al.A Flexible Power Control Strategy forHybrid AC/DC Zones of Shipboard Power System with Distributed Energy Storages[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2018,12(12):5496-5508.
[15]Y.Li,L.He,F.Liu,et al.Flexible Voltage Control StrategyConsidering Distributed Energy Storages for DC Distribution Network[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2019,10(1):163-172.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a hybrid micro-grid system capable of realizing a power smoothing function, which can smooth power disturbance by using a distributed energy storage system, can smoothly switch the energy storage system to a power supply mode when a main power supply fails, supports the operation of the system, does not depend on communication, and increases the reliability and stability of the system. The technical scheme is as follows:
a hybrid microgrid system capable of implementing a power smoothing function, comprising:
1) main power supply: the diesel generator provides electric energy to control the frequency and voltage of the alternating current side; 2) interconnecting the DC-AC devices: a three-phase bidirectional DC-AC converter is adopted to control the voltage of a direct current side; 3) an alternating-current side energy storage system: the system comprises an alternating-current side super capacitor or an alternating-current side storage battery, and an alternating-current bus is connected through a three-phase bidirectional DC-AC converter; 4) direct current side energy storage system: the direct-current bus comprises a direct-current side super capacitor or a direct-current side storage battery, and is connected to a direct-current bus through a Buck/Boost bidirectional DC-DC converter;
control system of interconnected DC-AC converters: measuring three-phase voltage and current on alternating current side, direct current side voltage and output current on interconnected DC-AC direct current side, and converting the three-phase voltage and current into voltage u under dq axisd、uqCurrent, phase-locked to q-axis voltage to obtain phase-locked frequency, and converting the phase-locked frequency into per unit value omega at reference frequencypllThen, the voltage on the DC side obtained by measurement is converted into a per unit value udc(ii) a At omegapllAs reference value pair udcPerforming difference and entering a proportional integral link to obtain a d-axis current reference value idrefThen introducing a feed forward control, i.e. idrefPlus the output current i on the DC sideoAs reference value pair idProportional integral control is carried out to obtain d-axis modulation voltage edAs shown in the following formula, kic,upAnd k isic,uiIs the proportional coefficient and integral system of the voltage loopNumber, kic,ipAnd k isic,iiIs a current loop proportionality coefficient and an integral coefficient, KfIs a feed forward coefficient:
an alternating-current side energy storage system: the droop control added with the inertia link is adopted, and is shown as the following formula:
in the formula, PES,acRepresenting the active power, P, actually output by the ac side stored energyref,acRepresenting the active power set value of the control system; hac、DacRespectively representing the inertia coefficient and the droop coefficient of the active control loop of the virtual synchronous control system; omegaref,esFor the stored energy frequency reference value omegaset,esAnd the frequency set value represents the virtual synchronous control of the energy storage at the alternating current side.
Direct current side energy storage system: droop control with the addition of an inertia element is also used, as shown in the following formula:
PES,dcrepresenting the real output active power, P, of the dc side stored energyref,dcRepresenting the active power set value of the control system; hdc、 DdcRespectively representing an inertia coefficient and a droop coefficient of the direct current virtual inertia; u. ofref,esFor a reference value of the DC storage voltage uset,dcThe voltage setting value of the dc side energy storage is shown.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the dynamic consistency of the voltage at the direct current side and the frequency at the alternating current side is realized.
2. On the basis of consistency, the energy storage system at the alternating current side and the energy storage system at the direct current side can perform transient power support on the diesel generator after load disturbance (no matter which side the power disturbance occurs) occurs, so that the output process of the diesel generator is smoothed, and when the system returns to a steady state, the energy storage system returns to a power set value;
2. in the process of outputting the power of the transient smooth diesel generator, the transient power of the alternating current side energy storage system and the direct current side energy storage system can be subjected to parameter adjustment of a controller according to the rated capacity of the alternating current side energy storage system and the direct current side energy storage system, so that the coordinated distribution of the transient power is realized;
3. when the diesel generator breaks down, the alternating-current side energy storage system and the direct-current side energy storage system can be smoothly switched to a system supporting mode, so that the system is supported to stably run, and the system is prevented from being broken down;
4. the realization of the functions only depends on the cooperation among local controllers of all units and does not depend on the interconnection communication among the controllers, and the implementation cost is low.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a topology of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified model of a diesel generator and control system interconnecting DC-AC;
FIG. 3 is a control block diagram of the AC side energy storage system and the DC side energy storage system;
FIG. 4 shows the PSCAD simulation results of the diesel generator during normal operation;
FIG. 5 shows the PSCAD simulation results in the case of diesel generator failure.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
according to the alternating current-direct current hybrid micro-grid system, a direct current side comprises a direct current energy storage and accessed power unit (new energy for load or maximum power tracking); the alternating current side comprises a diesel generator, an alternating current side energy storage system and power units (new energy for load or maximum power tracking), the two sides of the alternating current side energy storage system form a hybrid micro-grid through interconnected DC-AC, the direct current side energy storage system is connected into a direct current side bus through a bidirectional DC-DC converter, the alternating current side energy storage system is connected into the alternating current side bus through the bidirectional DC-AC converter, the interconnected DC-AC device adopts the bidirectional DC-AC converter, and the power units are connected into respective buses according to the load property or the power generation form of the power units. The whole system structure is shown in fig. 1, and the control system of each unit is shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3.
The hybrid micro-grid system capable of realizing the power smoothing function comprises:
a diesel generator: the control is the no-difference frequency modulation control. The control characteristics are shown in figure 2(a), RpIs the droop coefficient of the firewood hair, T is the time constant of the integral link, G0(s) is the internal equivalent transfer function, T, of the diesel generatormAnd TeRepresenting input torque and electromagnetic torque, respectively, HdgIs the inertia coefficient of the diesel generator, DdgFor the loss factor, when the system reaches a steady state, the following conditions are satisfied:
ωac＝ωref,dg(1)
in the formula, ωacFrequency, omega, of the AC busref,dgIs the frequency reference value of the diesel generator.
An alternating current side energy storage system; the droop control added with the inertia element is configured, and the control block diagram is shown in fig. 3 (a). The operating characteristics are expressed as formula (2). Obtaining the actual output power P of the energy storage system by in situ measurementES,acObtaining a frequency reference value omega through an outer ring droop controllerref,esThen, the omega is adjustedref,esAnd converting the frequency into actual frequency to carry out integration to obtain a phase reference theta.
PES,acRepresenting the active power, P, actually output by the ac side stored energyref,acRepresenting the active power set value of the control system; hac、 DacRespectively representing the inertia coefficient and the droop coefficient of the active control loop of the virtual synchronous control system; omegaref,esFor the stored energy frequency reference value omegaset,esAnd the frequency set value represents the virtual synchronous control of the energy storage at the alternating current side.
Direct current side energy storage system: the droop control added with the inertia link is configured, the function is similar to that of an energy storage system at the alternating current side, the control block diagram is shown in fig. 3(b), and the working characteristic is expressed as a formula (3).
PES,dcRepresenting the real output active power, P, of the dc side stored energyref,dcRepresenting the active power set value of the control system; hdc、 DdcRespectively representing an inertia coefficient and a droop coefficient of the direct current virtual inertia; u. ofref,esFor a reference value of the DC storage voltage uset,dcThe voltage setting value of the dc side energy storage is shown.
The output power is also measured in situ, and then a voltage reference u is obtained through a droop controller added with an inertia linkref,esThe voltage reference value enters a voltage and current double-loop control structure and is converted into a modulation signal d of the direct-current energy storage converter through the following formulasAnd further, the current variation is changed, and the power output is changed:
ds＝[(uref,es-udc)(kpu+kiu/s)-iLs,es](kpi+kii/s) (4)
in the formula kpuAnd k isiuIs a direct current DC-DC voltage loop proportional coefficient and an integral coefficient, iLs,esFor the inductive current, k, of a DC energy-storage converterpiAnd k isiiThe current loop proportionality coefficient and the integral coefficient.
Interconnecting the DC-AC controllers: the controller structure is shown in fig. 2 (b). Measuring three-phase voltage, three-phase current, DC side voltage and DC-AC output current flowing to DC side, converting three-phase voltage and current into voltage u under d through abc/dq conversiondCurrent idVoltage u under q-axisqCurrent iq；uqEntering a phase locking link to obtain a phase locking frequency, and then converting the phase locking frequency into a corresponding per unit value omegapll(ii) a Converting the DC side voltage into a corresponding per unit value udc(ii) a At omegapllAs reference value pair udcPerforming difference and entering a proportional integral link to obtain a d-axis current reference value idrefThen introducing a feed forward control, i.e. idrefPlus the output current i on the DC sideoAs reference value pair idProportional-integral control is carried out to further obtain d-axis modulation voltage,as shown in the following equation (5), kic,upAnd k isic,uiIs the proportional coefficient and integral coefficient, k, of the voltage loopic,ipAnd k isic,iiCurrent loop proportionality coefficient and integral coefficient:
in the formula, ωpllRepresenting the frequency per unit value, u, of the interconnected DC-AC obtained by phase-locking the q-axis voltage on the AC sidedcIs the per unit value of the DC bus voltage idref、idAnd Δ idRespectively representing a d-axis current reference value, a d-axis actual current and a d-axis current loop PI control input value (namely d-axis current deviation); i.e. i0For the DC-AC side output current, KfAs a feed forward coefficient
And then a d-axis voltage modulation signal of the interconnected DC-AC can be obtained through an internal current loop:
ed＝ud+idωL+Δid(kic,ip+kic,ii/s) (3)
in the above formula edFor d-axis voltage modulation signal, udFor the actual d-axis voltage, ω L is the line reactance between DC-AC and the AC bus, kic,ipAnd k isic,iiThe proportionality coefficient and the integral coefficient of the current loop.
Obtaining the modulation signal edThe q-axis voltage modulation signal e can also be obtained according to the controller in the same wayqAnd the two signals are converted into three-phase modulation signals through conversion, so that the operation of the interconnected DC-AC converter is controlled.
Through the configuration of the controllers, the steady-state relation between the electrical quantities of the system at the time satisfies:
udc＝ωpll＝ωac＝ωref,dg(4)
and, in transient terms:
Δudc≈Δωpll≈Δωac(5)
at the moment, the controllers of the alternating current energy storage system and the direct current energy storage system can equivalently respond to any power disturbanceAnd can pass through parameter H (H)acOr Hdc)、D(DacOr Ddc) To change its transient power response effect and magnitude.
A system simulation model shown in figure 1 is built in PSCAD/EMTDC software, simulation verification is carried out on the controller and the cooperation of the controller, and basic parameters of the system are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic parameters of the System
By the rated capacity ratio P of stored energyES,dcB:PES,acBTaking 1:1 as an example, D is selecteddc＝Dac＝40，Hdc＝HacThe feasibility of the invention was verified as 1.
When the diesel generator is operating normally, if P is the sameref,dcAnd Pref,acAre all 0.
During the period of 0-40 s, the system has a load of 50kW on the alternating current side, the whole system normally operates, the energy storage works in a power dispatching mode, and the active power output is 0.
At the moment t is 40s, the direct-current side power unit puts a load of 100kW, as can be seen from fig. 4(b), both side energy storages can perform transient power support on the disturbance, and the transient power distribution satisfies the relation of 1:1, so that the purpose of reducing the output load of the diesel generator is achieved, and when the system reaches the steady state again, the active power stored at both sides returns to the power set value.
At the moment t being 65s, a load of 100kW is input to the alternating current side, and as with the direct current side, the energy storage at the two sides provides transient power support according to the rated power ratio at the moment, and finally the power returns to the power set value.
In the whole process, the dynamic and steady-state values of the direct-current side voltage and the alternating-current frequency are kept consistent and approximately equal through the control of the interconnection device.
When the diesel generator fails, if P is presentref,dcAnd Pref,ac0.4 pu.
And in the period t being 0-30 s, the system has a load of 100kW on the alternating current side, and the whole system normally operates.
At time t-30 s, the diesel generator is out of operation due to a fault, as shown in fig. 5(b) (c), at which time the system switches to the support mode without communication and without control strategy change, the load disturbance is distributed by the two energy storages according to the rated power ratio, and the frequency and voltage will no longer be maintained at 1pu, and will change with the load fluctuation.
At the time t being 50s, the dc-side power unit puts 50kW of load, and as can be seen from fig. 5(b), the energy storage on both sides responds to the load disturbance, the system is maintained stable, and the steady-state power change satisfies the relationship of the rated power ratio of 1: 1.
And at the moment t being 70s, the alternating current side puts 50kW of load, and at the moment, the steady-state output of the energy storage at the two sides can still meet the rated power proportion distribution, so that the power balance in the system is maintained.
Claims (2)
1. A hybrid microgrid system capable of implementing a power smoothing function, comprising:
1) main power supply: the diesel generator provides electric energy to control the frequency and voltage of the alternating current side; 2) interconnecting the DC-AC devices: a three-phase bidirectional DC-AC converter is adopted to control the voltage of a direct current side; 3) an alternating-current side energy storage system: the system comprises an alternating-current side super capacitor or an alternating-current side storage battery, and an alternating-current bus is connected through a three-phase bidirectional DC-AC converter; 4) direct current side energy storage system: the direct-current bus comprises a direct-current side super capacitor or a direct-current side storage battery, and is connected to a direct-current bus through a Buck/Boost bidirectional DC-DC converter;
control system of interconnected DC-AC converters: measuring three-phase voltage and current on alternating current side, direct current side voltage and output current on interconnected DC-AC direct current side, and converting the three-phase voltage and current into voltage u under dq axisd、uqCurrent, phase-locked to q-axis voltage to obtain phase-locked frequency, and converting the phase-locked frequency into per unit value omega at reference frequencypllThen, the voltage on the DC side obtained by measurement is converted into a per unit value udc(ii) a At omegapllAs reference value pair udcPerforming difference and entering a proportional integral link to obtain a d-axis current reference value idrefThen introducing feed forward controlSystem idrefPlus the output current i on the DC sideoAs reference value pair idProportional integral control is carried out to obtain d-axis modulation voltage edAs shown in the following formula, kic,upAnd k isic,uiIs the proportional coefficient and integral coefficient, k, of the voltage loopic,ipAnd k isic,iiIs a current loop proportionality coefficient and an integral coefficient, KfIs a feed forward coefficient:
an alternating-current side energy storage system: the droop control added with the inertia link is adopted, and is shown as the following formula:
in the formula, PES,acRepresenting the active power, P, actually output by the ac side stored energyref,acRepresenting the active power set value of the control system; hac、DacRespectively representing the inertia coefficient and the droop coefficient of the active control loop of the virtual synchronous control system; omegaref,esFor the stored energy frequency reference value omegaset,esAnd the frequency set value represents the virtual synchronous control of the energy storage at the alternating current side.
Direct current side energy storage system: droop control with the addition of an inertia element is also used, as shown in the following formula:
PES,dcrepresenting the real output active power, P, of the dc side stored energyref,dcRepresenting the active power set value of the control system; hdc、DdcRespectively representing an inertia coefficient and a droop coefficient of the direct current virtual inertia; u. ofref,esFor a reference value of the DC storage voltage uset,dcThe voltage setting value of the dc side energy storage is shown.
2. The hybrid microgrid system capable of performing a power smoothing function of claim 1, characterized in that: the reference frequency of the AC side is 50Hz, the voltage level is 380V, and the voltage level of the DC side is 750V.
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| CN111162546A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-05-15 | 天津大学 | Adaptive adjustment power smoothing control method applied to energy storage |
| CN111725824A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-09-29 | 天津大学 | Power smooth unified operation control method based on super capacitor |
| CN111953014A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-17 | 天津大学 | Photovoltaic power generation virtual inertia compensation system and method based on super capacitor energy storage |
| CN113224749A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-08-06 | 重庆理工大学 | Oil-electricity hybrid energy storage power supply shelter and global optimal discharge control method |
| CN114024335A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-08 | 华北电力大学 | Virtual inertia control strategy for AC/DC hybrid microgrid interconnection converter |
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