CN110795968A - Device for acquiring fingerprint image - Google Patents
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- CN110795968A CN110795968A CN201810869947.4A CN201810869947A CN110795968A CN 110795968 A CN110795968 A CN 110795968A CN 201810869947 A CN201810869947 A CN 201810869947A CN 110795968 A CN110795968 A CN 110795968A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
- G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
- G06V40/1324—Sensors therefor by using geometrical optics, e.g. using prisms
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Abstract
The invention relates to a biological characteristic identification technology, in particular to a device for acquiring a fingerprint image. An apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image according to an aspect of the present invention comprises: a first optical waveguide; a light source unit disposed below the first optical waveguide and configured to provide a parallel light beam incident to the first optical waveguide at an angle set such that the parallel light beam does not satisfy a total reflection condition within the first optical waveguide when an upper surface of the first optical waveguide is not covered with an object; a first light coupling-out unit arranged on the surface of the first optical waveguide and configured to guide the light beam totally reflected in the first optical waveguide to the outside of the first optical waveguide and form an image when the upper surface of the first optical waveguide is covered by an object; and the image receiving unit is arranged at the imaging position of the first light coupling-out unit.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to biometric identification technology (biometrics), and in particular to a device for acquiring fingerprint images.
Background
Biometric identification technology utilizes physiological or behavioral characteristics inherent to a human body to perform personal authentication. The available biometric techniques include, for example, fingerprints, faces, voice prints, irises, etc., which are among the most widely used. In recent years, fingerprint identification technology is gradually applied to mobile terminals such as smart phones and tablet computers, and becomes an important basic technology for supporting functions such as unlocking and online payment. The principle of fingerprint recognition is that when a finger is in contact with a detection plane, a change in some physical state is caused, the change is detected by a sensor and converted into a corresponding fingerprint image, and then comparison recognition is performed based on the image. Fingerprint collection is classified into optical type, capacitive type and radio frequency type according to different image acquisition modes.
The optical fingerprint acquisition mode has the advantages of long service life, difficult damage, low price, good image quality and the like. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical fingerprint acquisition device in the prior art. As shown in fig. 1, a light beam emitted by the light source enters the prism P through the first surface S1 of the prism, the second surface S2 of the prism is a detection surface, and when no finger is placed on the second surface S2, the light beam is totally reflected by the second surface S2 and then exits from the third surface S3 of the prism; on the other hand, when a finger is placed on the second face S2, the light beam is scattered at the ridge of the fingerprint and only part of the light beam is totally reflected, and the totally reflected light beam is imaged by the focusing lens L to obtain a fingerprint image having a ridge/valley contrast. The above-mentioned devices are difficult to miniaturize due to the volume of the prism and the long focal length of the focusing lens (in order to eliminate scattering components), thus hindering the application in mobile terminals, especially in the trend of making terminals thinner.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image, which has advantages of compact structure and good integration with a mobile terminal.
An apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image according to an aspect of the present invention comprises:
a first optical waveguide;
a light source unit disposed below the first optical waveguide and configured to provide a parallel light beam incident to the first optical waveguide at an angle set such that the parallel light beam does not satisfy a total reflection condition within the first optical waveguide when an upper surface of the first optical waveguide is not covered with an object;
a first light coupling-out unit arranged on the surface of the first optical waveguide and configured to guide the light beam totally reflected in the first optical waveguide to the outside of the first optical waveguide and form an image when the upper surface of the first optical waveguide is covered by an object; and
and the image receiving unit is arranged at the imaging position of the first light coupling-out unit.
Preferably, in the above apparatus, an irradiation area of the parallel light beam on the first optical waveguide corresponds to a fingerprint detection area on the first optical waveguide.
Preferably, in the above device, the first optical waveguide has a microprism structure in a region irradiated by the parallel light beam.
Preferably, in the above apparatus, the first optical waveguide is provided with a plated film layer on a surface of a region close to the first light out-coupling unit.
Preferably, in the above apparatus, the light source unit includes:
a point light source;
a collimating lens disposed in front of the point light source, configured to convert light emitted from the point light source into parallel light beams;
a second optical waveguide provided on a path of the outgoing beam of the collimator lens, having a coated inclined surface at an end facing the collimator lens to totally reflect the parallel beam from the collimator lens in the second optical waveguide; and
and a second light coupling-out unit disposed on a surface of the second optical waveguide, configured to guide the parallel light beam totally reflected within the second optical waveguide to an outside of the second optical waveguide, the second light coupling-out unit being sized to correspond to an irradiation area of the parallel light beam on the first optical waveguide.
Preferably, in the above apparatus, the light source unit includes:
a point light source;
a collimating lens disposed in front of the point light source, configured to convert light emitted from the point light source into parallel light beams;
a second optical waveguide provided on a path of the outgoing light beam of the collimator lens;
a light coupling-in unit disposed on a first surface of the second optical waveguide, configured to cause total reflection of the parallel light beams from the collimator lens within the second optical waveguide, the first surface facing the collimator lens; and
and a second light coupling-out unit disposed on a surface of the second optical waveguide, configured to guide the parallel light beam totally reflected within the second optical waveguide to an outside of the second optical waveguide, the second light coupling-out unit being sized to correspond to an irradiation area of the parallel light beam on the first optical waveguide.
Preferably, in the above apparatus, the light source unit includes:
a point light source;
a collimating lens disposed in front of the point light source, configured to convert light emitted from the point light source into parallel light beams;
a second optical waveguide provided on a path of the outgoing light beam of the collimator lens;
a light coupling-in unit disposed on a second surface of the second optical waveguide, configured to cause total reflection of the parallel light beam from the collimator lens within the second optical waveguide, the second surface being opposite to a surface of the second optical waveguide facing the collimator lens; and
and a second light coupling-out unit disposed on a surface of the second optical waveguide, configured to guide the parallel light beam totally reflected within the second optical waveguide to an outside of the second optical waveguide, the second light coupling-out unit being sized to correspond to an irradiation area of the parallel light beam on the first optical waveguide.
Preferably, in the above apparatus, the light coupling-in unit is one of a tilted grating, a wedge-shaped reflecting surface, and a reflecting prism.
Preferably, in the above apparatus, the first light out-coupling unit is one of a nano-grating pixel array, a fresnel lens, a superlens, a micro-lens array, and a short-focus lens.
Preferably, in the above apparatus, the second light out-coupling unit is a grating. Each of the sub-modules includes:
drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a light source unit in the apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a light source unit that can be applied to the apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of another light source unit that may be applied to the apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a nano-grating pixel array that may be used in the apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint shown in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image according to one embodiment of the present invention.
The apparatus 20 for acquiring a fingerprint image shown in fig. 2 comprises a first optical waveguide 210, a light source unit 220, a first light out-coupling unit 230 and an image receiving unit 240.
As shown in fig. 2, the light source unit 220 is disposed below the first light waveguide 210, and is configured to provide parallel light beams to the first light waveguide 210. By setting the incident angle into the first optical waveguide 210 for the parallel light beam, it is possible to make the parallel light beam not satisfy the total reflection condition in the first optical waveguide 210 when the upper surface of the first optical waveguide 210 is not covered with an object.
Referring to fig. 2, when an object (e.g., a finger in the drawing) covers the upper surface of the first optical waveguide 210, the parallel light beams at the position corresponding to the ridge of the finger are diffusely reflected, and the angle of the part of the light beams after the diffuse reflection satisfies the total reflection to continue to propagate in the optical waveguide 210; on the other hand, at the positions corresponding to the valleys of the fingerprint, the light does not satisfy the total reflection condition and thus cannot propagate in the optical waveguide 210. When the part of the parallel light beam that is totally reflected and propagates continuously reaches the first light coupling-out unit 230 disposed on the surface of the first light waveguide 210, the total reflection condition is no longer satisfied, and at this time, the light beam is guided to the outside of the first light waveguide 210 by the first light coupling-out unit 230 and is imaged. Thereby, a fingerprint image may be obtained on the image receiving unit 240 disposed at the imaging position of the first light out-coupling unit 230.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, preferably, the irradiation area of the parallel light beam on the first optical waveguide 210 corresponds to the fingerprint detection area on the first optical waveguide 210, that is, the irradiation area has substantially the same size as the fingerprint detection area and is substantially aligned in a direction perpendicular to the surface normal of the first optical waveguide 210. Further, in order to increase the incident angle of the parallel light beam from the light source unit 220 to improve the light energy utilization efficiency, it is preferable that a micro-prism structure be formed at a region (e.g., the left lower surface in fig. 2) of the first optical waveguide 210 irradiated with the parallel light beam.
Referring to fig. 2, preferably, coatings 251 and 252 are respectively disposed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the first optical waveguide 210 in the region close to the first light out-coupling unit 230 to further improve the efficiency of light energy utilization.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, if the total reflection angle is too small, the light rays impinging on the fingerprint will still be in the fingerprint detection area after undergoing a total reflection (denoted by L in fig. 2)2The indicated area). In order to prevent this, it is preferable that the total reflection angle satisfies the following relationship:
tanα≥L2/2L1(1)
wherein α is the angle of total reflection, L1And L2Respectively, the thickness of the first optical waveguide 210 and the length of the sensing region.
The refractive indices of coatings 251 and 252 satisfy the following relationship:
wherein n is2And n3The refractive indexes of the first optical waveguide and the coating layer are respectively.
The refractive index of the coating layer is therefore selected to satisfy the above formulae (1) and (2).
Further, in the embodiment shown in fig. 2, it is preferable that the lengths of the plating layers satisfy the following relationship:
L2+L3≤L0(3)
L4＝L3+L5(4)
wherein L is0Is the length of the first optical waveguide, L2Length of fingerprint detection area, L3And L4The lengths, L, of coatings 251 and 252, respectively5Is the length of the first light out-coupling unit or grating.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a light source unit in the apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 3, the light source unit 220 includes a point light source 221, a collimating lens 222, a second light waveguide 223, and a second light out-coupling unit 224. The point light source 221 may be a monochromatic light source or a non-monochromatic light source, and is disposed near the focal point or on the focal plane of the collimating lens 222. The second optical waveguide 223 is disposed on a path of the outgoing light beam of the collimator lens 222. Preferably, the collimating lens 222 may be a refractive lens, a diffractive lens, or a super lens, and may have a square or circular shape, and the lens material may be a resin material (e.g., PMMA material) having good transmittance in the visible light band.
Referring to fig. 3, the light emitted from the point light source 221 is converted into parallel light by the collimating lens 222 and then enters the second light guide 223. As shown in fig. 3, the left end portion of the second light waveguide 223 has a coated slope, so that the parallel light beams from the collimating lens 222 are totally reflected after entering the second light waveguide 223. In the light source unit 220 shown in fig. 3, the second light out-coupling unit 224 is disposed on the surface of the second light waveguide 223, and is configured to guide the parallel light beam totally reflected within the second light waveguide to the outside of the second light waveguide, thereby obtaining the parallel light beam irradiated to the lower surface of the first light waveguide 210 shown in fig. 2.
Preferably, the second light out-coupling unit 224 is implemented in the form of a grating, and the size of the grating is set to be comparable to the irradiation area of the parallel light beam on the first optical waveguide 210. Preferably, the back of the grating is blackened to maximize light energy utilization.
The grating 224 used as the second light out-coupling unit satisfies the following grating equation:
n1T sinθ1+n2T sinθ2＝λ(5)
where T is the grating period, n1Is the refractive index of the incident medium, n2To emit the refractive index of the medium, theta1The angle of incidence, θ, of the light entering the grating2Is the diffraction angle of the grating, and λ is the wavelength of the light.
As can be seen from the formula (5), the incident angle θ1And the grating period T may be based on the desired diffraction angle θ2And is determined.
It is noted that the light source unit described above with reference to fig. 3 is merely exemplary, and that other configurations of light source units may be employed with the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a light source unit applicable to the apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image shown in fig. 2, wherein the same or similar components as those of the light source unit shown in fig. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
The main difference of the light source unit shown in fig. 4 compared to the light source unit shown in fig. 3 is that the parallel light beam from the collimator lens 222 is introduced into the second light waveguide 223 by the optical coupling-in unit 225, and the introduced light beam is totally reflected in the second light waveguide 223 by setting an appropriate incident angle.
Referring to fig. 4, the light coupling-in unit 225 is disposed at a first surface (i.e., a surface facing the collimating lens 222 in fig. 4) of the second optical waveguide 223. The light emitted from the point light source 221 is converted into parallel light by the collimating lens 222 and then enters the optical coupling-in unit 225, and the parallel light enters the second optical waveguide 223 at a proper angle under the action of the optical coupling-in unit 225, so that the parallel light is totally reflected inside the second optical waveguide 223. Similarly, in the light source unit 220 shown in fig. 4, the second light coupling-out unit 224 is disposed on the surface of the second light waveguide 223, and is configured to guide the parallel light beam totally reflected in the second light waveguide to the outside of the second light waveguide, thereby obtaining the parallel light beam irradiated to the lower surface of the first light waveguide 210 shown in fig. 2.
In the light source unit shown in fig. 4, the light coupling-in unit 225 may be, for example, an element that changes the direction of a light beam, such as a grating, a wedge-shaped reflecting surface, or a reflecting prism. In order to improve the coupling-in efficiency, the light coupling-in unit is preferably a slanted grating. Preferably, the groove shape of the slanted grating may be one of a triangular, sinusoidal or straight groove shape. Preferably, the groove shape has asymmetry with respect to a normal line of the second optical waveguide surface to suppress diffraction efficiency of diffracted light of the-1 st order, thereby improving light use efficiency of the +1 st order illumination light.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of another light source unit that can be applied to the apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image shown in fig. 2, wherein the same or similar components as those of the light source unit shown in fig. 3 and 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
The main difference of the light source unit shown in fig. 5 compared to the light source unit shown in fig. 4 is that the light coupling-in unit 225 is disposed at a second surface (i.e., a surface opposite to the surface facing the collimator lens 222 in fig. 5) of the second light waveguide 223. Referring to fig. 4, the light emitted from the point light source 221 is converted into parallel light by the collimating lens 222, enters the second light waveguide 223, and then enters the optical coupling-in unit 225, and the parallel light returns to the second light waveguide 223 at an appropriate angle under the action of the optical coupling-in unit 225, so that the parallel light is totally reflected when the upper surface of the second light waveguide 223 is not covered by an object. Similarly, in the light source unit 220 shown in fig. 5, the second light coupling-out unit 224 is disposed on the surface of the second light waveguide 223, and is configured to guide the parallel light beam totally reflected in the second light waveguide to the outside of the second light waveguide, thereby obtaining the parallel light beam irradiated to the lower surface of the first light waveguide 210 shown in fig. 2.
In the light source units shown in fig. 3-5, when the light coupling-in unit 225 and the second light coupling-out unit 224 adopt a grating structure, the size of the fingerprint acquisition device, particularly the thickness of the fingerprint acquisition device, can be greatly reduced.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the first light out-coupling unit 230 is preferably one of a nano-grating pixel array, a fresnel lens, a superlens, a micro-lens array and a short-focus lens. When the nano grating pixel array is adopted to realize the image focusing and imaging functions, the size of the fingerprint acquisition device, particularly the thickness of the fingerprint acquisition device, can be greatly reduced.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a nano-grating pixel array that may be used in the apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 6, the nano-grating pixel array is a stacked structure of multi-layer gratings with different grating periods and orientation angles, and is a diffraction grating (or called a diffraction grating pixel) with a structure size of nanometer processed on a phase plate.
According to the grating equation, the period and the orientation angle of the diffraction grating pixel satisfy the following relations:
tanφ1＝sinφ/(cosφ-nsinθ(Λ/λ))(6)
sin2(θ1)＝(λ/Λ)2+(nsinθ)2-2nsinθcosφ(λ/Λ)(7)
theta is assumed to be incident on the XY plane at a certain angle1And phi1Respectively representing the diffraction angle (the included angle between the diffraction ray and the negative direction of the z axis) and the azimuth angle (the included angle between the diffraction ray and the positive direction of the y axis) of the diffraction light, theta and lambda respectively representing the incident angle (the included angle between the incident ray and the negative direction of the z axis) and the wavelength of the ray.
As can be seen from the above equations (6) and (7), after setting the wavelength, the incident angle, and the diffraction angle and the diffraction azimuth angle of the incident light, the desired grating period and orientation angle can be determined.
Referring again to fig. 2, the image receiving unit 240 is located at an imaging position or image distance below the first light out-coupling unit 230, which may be, for example, a CMOS device or a CCD device, configured to capture a fingerprint image.
In the device shown in fig. 2, the object distance of the first light out-coupling unit 230 satisfies the following relationship:
L＝3*L1tanα(8)
wherein L is the object distance of the first light coupling-out unit 230, L1Being the thickness of the first light guide 210, α is the total reflection angle of a light ray within the first light guide 210.
Accordingly, the image distance of the first light out-coupling unit 230 satisfies the following relationship:
wherein L is6Is the image distance, L, of the first light out-coupling unit 230fIs the focal length of the first light out-coupling unit 230, and L is the object distance of the first light out-coupling unit 230.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has a plurality of advantages. For example, since the ultra-thin directional light guide illumination is adopted, the thickness of the light source unit is greatly reduced, which is advantageous for miniaturization of the optical imaging system. For another example, since the overall thickness of the device can be reduced by transmitting signal light using an ultra-thin waveguide, the device of the present invention can be well integrated into mobile devices such as mobile phones, keys, and payment cards. Moreover, stray light can be effectively filtered through secondary total reflection imaging of the coating film on the surface of the waveguide, so that the resolution and the recognition degree of image acquisition are enhanced.
The foregoing has described the principles and preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the invention should not be construed as being limited to the particular embodiments discussed. The preferred embodiments described above should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and it should be understood that variations may be made in those embodiments by workers skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for acquiring a fingerprint image, comprising:
a first optical waveguide;
a light source unit disposed below the first optical waveguide and configured to provide a parallel light beam incident to the first optical waveguide at an angle set such that the parallel light beam does not satisfy a total reflection condition within the first optical waveguide when an upper surface of the first optical waveguide is not covered with an object;
a first light coupling-out unit arranged on the surface of the first optical waveguide and configured to guide the light beam totally reflected in the first optical waveguide to the outside of the first optical waveguide and form an image when the upper surface of the first optical waveguide is covered by an object; and
and the image receiving unit is arranged at the imaging position of the first light coupling-out unit.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an illuminated area of the parallel light beam on the first optical waveguide corresponds to a fingerprint detection area on the first optical waveguide.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first optical waveguide has a microprism structure in an area illuminated by the parallel light beam.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first optical waveguide is provided with a coating on a surface of a region proximate the first light out-coupling unit.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light source unit comprises:
a point light source;
a collimating lens disposed in front of the point light source, configured to convert light emitted from the point light source into parallel light beams;
a second optical waveguide provided on a path of the outgoing beam of the collimator lens, having a coated inclined surface at an end facing the collimator lens to totally reflect the parallel beam from the collimator lens in the second optical waveguide; and
and a second light coupling-out unit disposed on a surface of the second optical waveguide, configured to guide the parallel light beam totally reflected within the second optical waveguide to an outside of the second optical waveguide, the second light coupling-out unit being sized to correspond to an irradiation area of the parallel light beam on the first optical waveguide.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light source unit comprises:
a point light source;
a collimating lens disposed in front of the point light source, configured to convert light emitted from the point light source into parallel light beams;
a second optical waveguide provided on a path of the outgoing light beam of the collimator lens;
a light coupling-in unit disposed on a first surface of the second optical waveguide, configured to cause total reflection of the parallel light beams from the collimator lens within the second optical waveguide, the first surface facing the collimator lens; and
and a second light coupling-out unit disposed on a surface of the second optical waveguide, configured to guide the parallel light beam totally reflected within the second optical waveguide to an outside of the second optical waveguide, the second light coupling-out unit being sized to correspond to an irradiation area of the parallel light beam on the first optical waveguide.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light source unit comprises:
a point light source;
a collimating lens disposed in front of the point light source, configured to convert light emitted from the point light source into parallel light beams;
a second optical waveguide provided on a path of the outgoing light beam of the collimator lens;
a light coupling-in unit disposed on a second surface of the second optical waveguide, configured to cause total reflection of the parallel light beam from the collimator lens within the second optical waveguide, the second surface being opposite to a surface of the second optical waveguide facing the collimator lens; and
and a second light coupling-out unit disposed on a surface of the second optical waveguide, configured to guide the parallel light beam totally reflected within the second optical waveguide to an outside of the second optical waveguide, the second light coupling-out unit being sized to correspond to an irradiation area of the parallel light beam on the first optical waveguide.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 or 7, wherein the light in-coupling unit is one of a tilted grating, a wedge-shaped reflecting surface, and a reflecting prism.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first light out-coupling unit is one of a nano-grating pixel array, a fresnel lens, a superlens, a micro-lens array, and a short-focus lens.
10. The apparatus of any one of claims 5-7, wherein the second light out-coupling unit is a grating.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810869947.4A CN110795968A (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2018-08-02 | Device for acquiring fingerprint image |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810869947.4A CN110795968A (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2018-08-02 | Device for acquiring fingerprint image |
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| CN110795968A true CN110795968A (en) | 2020-02-14 |
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| CN201810869947.4A Pending CN110795968A (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2018-08-02 | Device for acquiring fingerprint image |
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