CN110794037A - 碳纤维复合材料钻孔缺陷定量评价方法 - Google Patents

碳纤维复合材料钻孔缺陷定量评价方法 Download PDF

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CN110794037A
CN110794037A CN201911107453.3A CN201911107453A CN110794037A CN 110794037 A CN110794037 A CN 110794037A CN 201911107453 A CN201911107453 A CN 201911107453A CN 110794037 A CN110794037 A CN 110794037A
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陈明
李超
徐锦泱
安庆龙
明伟伟
马海善
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CHANGZHOU HAILI TOOL Co Ltd
Jiangsu Haibo Tool Industry Research Institute Co Ltd
Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Abstract

一种碳纤维复合材料钻孔缺陷定量评价方法，通过引入撕裂缺陷、毛刺缺陷评价中的二维面积因子及基于颜色识别的缺陷面积计算技术，得到①三维分层因子即分层缺陷的体积占名义钻削体积的比值作为分层缺陷；②二维缺陷因子即缺陷面积占名义制孔面积的比值作为出口撕裂缺陷；③钻头出口处的表层的纤维拔出作为出口毛刺缺陷；经加权得到定量评价指标
Figure DDA0002271746230000011
当
Figure DDA0002271746230000012
为0.6～1时，则被测碳纤维复合材料即为缺陷产品。本发明克服现有的碳纤维复合材料钻孔加工质量评价标准中评价因素的缺失问题，提高定量评价结果的准确性。

Description

碳纤维复合材料钻孔缺陷定量评价方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机械加工领域的技术，具体涉及一种基于颜色面积识别的，针对碳纤维复合材料三种典型缺陷-分层、撕裂、毛刺的综合缺陷评价方法。
背景技术
碳纤维增强复合材料是目前航空航天设备中广泛应用的一种强度高重量轻的材料。因构件连接主要是通过螺栓铆钉等连接方式进行的，所以需要进行大量的孔加工。然而，因碳纤维复合材料的两相材料的性质差异，在制孔过程中极易产生加工缺陷，主要分为三种类型：分层缺陷、出口撕裂缺陷及出口毛刺缺陷。目前对于复合材料加工质量的检测及评价标准未考虑各种缺陷的综合影响，以致不能准确评价所使用的制孔工艺及刀具的加工能力及特性，且不能给出定量的评价指标，导致不能预测复合材料制成品的疲劳强度及使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明针对现有缺陷检测手段对于复合材料制孔工艺中的毛刺缺陷及撕裂缺陷的评价使用毛刺缺陷或撕裂缺陷范围的直径最大值与制孔名义直径的比值作为评价因子，导致评价结果偏差的缺陷，提出一种碳纤维复合材料钻孔缺陷定量评价方法，通过引入撕裂缺陷、毛刺缺陷评价中的二维面积因子及基于颜色识别的缺陷面积计算技术，克服现有的碳纤维复合材料钻孔加工质量评价标准中评价因素的缺失问题，提高定量评价结果的准确性。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明涉及一种碳纤维复合材料钻孔缺陷定量评价方法，通过检测碳纤维复合材料钻孔工艺中：
①三维分层因子即分层缺陷的体积占名义钻削体积的比值作为分层缺陷；
②二维缺陷因子即缺陷面积占名义制孔面积的比值作为出口撕裂缺陷；
③钻头出口处的表层的纤维拔出作为出口毛刺缺陷；
经加权得到定量评价指标当
Figure BDA0002271746210000012
为0.6～1时，则被测碳纤维复合材料即为缺陷产品，其中：γb、γt和γd依次为毛刺缺陷的权重系数、撕裂缺陷的权重系数和分层缺陷的权重系数，
Figure BDA0002271746210000013
和Fv依次为毛刺缺陷评价因子、撕裂缺陷评价因子和三维分层缺陷评价因子。
所述的定量评价指标优选为其中：毛刺缺陷评价因子撕裂缺陷评价因子
Figure BDA0002271746210000023
三维分层缺陷评价因子碳纤维复合材料分层缺陷的体积
Figure BDA0002271746210000025
发生分层缺陷的碳纤维复合材料的名义体积Vnom＝p·h·Anom，
Figure BDA0002271746210000026
第k层发生分层缺陷的面积
Figure BDA0002271746210000027
Figure BDA0002271746210000028
为第i个毛刺的缺陷面积，Anom为制孔的名义面积。
Figure BDA0002271746210000029
为第i个撕裂的面积。
所述的制孔的名义面积，通过标定碳纤维复合材料钻孔的名义孔径并计算得到。
所述的缺陷面积，采用颜色识别的方式实现，具体步骤包括：
①利用超声波扫描显微镜对已加工的碳纤维复合材料进行逐层的扫描检测，得到从第一层到最后一层的分层图像；
②对已加工的碳纤维复合材料的出口位置进行拍照，取得出口位置的毛刺缺陷及撕裂缺陷图像；
③取围绕制孔范围的单位面积的方框，对其进行图像识别，首先对图片进行像素化，识别出缺陷所对应位置的颜色像素面积，再与单位面积进行比较，获得不同缺陷因素的二维占比数据。
所述的像素化，采用但不限于Imagine J软件实现。
技术效果
与现有技术相比，本发明将碳纤维复合材料的制孔缺陷进行准确定量评价；，实现碳纤维复合材料板钻孔质量从分层缺陷、撕裂缺陷及毛刺缺陷出发的综合缺陷评价，克服了以往计算方法的不准确性且提高了计算效率，能够更贴近碳纤维复合材料板制孔缺陷的实际情况，为制孔缺陷定量评价提供了更为准确的手段，实现对于碳纤维复合材料制孔工件的强度及寿命的准确预测。
附图说明
图1为本发明总体示意图；
图2为实施例中分层缺陷面积与名义钻孔面积示意图；
图3为实施例中毛刺缺陷面积处理过程示意图；
图4为实施例中撕裂缺陷面积处理过程示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，为本实施例涉及的一种碳纤维复合材料钻孔加工质量定量评价方法，通过引入碳纤维复合材料钻孔工艺中的分层缺陷、出口撕裂缺陷及出口毛刺缺陷，对钻孔质量进行定量评价。
所述的定量评价因子
Figure BDA0002271746210000031
通过以下过程得到：
如图2所示为超声波扫描已加工碳纤维复合材料的一层内分层情况，通过颜色识别分层面积，再由以下公式计算得到三维分层因子：
Figure BDA0002271746210000032
Vnom＝p·h·Anom，
Figure BDA0002271746210000033
如图3所示，首先对钻孔出口进行图像采集，然后进行图像处理，取围绕制孔范围的单位面积的方框，对其进行图像识别，利用Imagine J软件首先对图片进行像素化，识别出缺陷所对应位置的颜色像素面积，再与单位面积进行比较，获得毛刺缺陷的二维占比数据。
如图4所示，对撕裂缺陷的图片进行图像处理，取围绕制孔范围的单位面积的方框，对其进行图像识别，利用Imagine J软件首先对图片进行像素化，识别出缺陷所对应位置的颜色像素面积，再与单位面积进行比较，获得撕裂缺陷的二维占比数据。
分析三种缺陷对于制孔质量的影响权重，并对其赋值。
再利用公式求出定量评价因子
Figure BDA0002271746210000035
上述具体实施可由本领域技术人员在不背离本发明原理和宗旨的前提下以不同的方式对其进行局部调整，本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准且不由上述具体实施所限，在其范围内的各个实现方案均受本发明之约束。

Claims (4)

1.一种碳纤维复合材料钻孔缺陷定量评价方法，其特征在于，通过检测碳纤维复合材料钻孔工艺中：①三维分层因子即分层缺陷的体积占名义钻削体积的比值作为分层缺陷；②二维缺陷因子即缺陷面积占名义制孔面积的比值作为出口撕裂缺陷；③钻头出口处的表层的纤维拔出作为出口毛刺缺陷；经加权得到定量评价指标
Figure FDA0002271746200000011
当
Figure FDA0002271746200000012
为0.6～1时，则被测碳纤维复合材料即为缺陷产品，其中：γb、γt和γd依次为毛刺缺陷的权重系数、撕裂缺陷的权重系数和分层缺陷的权重系数，
Figure FDA0002271746200000013
和Fv依次为毛刺缺陷评价因子、撕裂缺陷评价因子和三维分层缺陷评价因子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是，所述的定量评价指标优选为
Figure FDA0002271746200000014
其中：毛刺缺陷评价因子撕裂缺陷评价因子三维分层缺陷评价因子
Figure FDA0002271746200000017
碳纤维复合材料分层缺陷的体积发生分层缺陷的碳纤维复合材料的名义体积Vnom＝p·h·Anom，第k层发生分层缺陷的面积
Figure FDA00022717462000000110
Figure FDA00022717462000000111
为第i个毛刺的缺陷面积，Anom为制孔的名义面积，为第i个撕裂的面积。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征是，所述的制孔的名义面积，通过标定碳纤维复合材料钻孔的名义孔径并计算得到。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征是，所述的缺陷面积，采用颜色识别的方式实现，具体步骤包括：
①利用超声波扫描显微镜对已加工的碳纤维复合材料进行逐层的扫描检测，得到从第一层到最后一层的分层图像；
②对已加工的碳纤维复合材料的出口位置进行拍照，取得出口位置的毛刺缺陷及撕裂缺陷图像；
③取围绕制孔范围的单位面积的方框，对其进行图像识别，首先对图片进行像素化，识别出缺陷所对应位置的颜色像素面积，再与单位面积进行比较，获得不同缺陷因素的二维占比数据。
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CN113176333A (zh) * 2021-03-31 2021-07-27 南京航空航天大学 一种用于纤维增强复合材料加工的质量检测方法
CN113740364A (zh) * 2021-07-12 2021-12-03 中北大学 一种钻削孔分层缺陷定量检测方法
CN115570186A (zh) * 2022-11-21 2023-01-06 成都航威精密刃具有限公司 一种用于抑制碳纤维制孔缺陷的刀具及方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113176333A (zh) * 2021-03-31 2021-07-27 南京航空航天大学 一种用于纤维增强复合材料加工的质量检测方法
CN113740364A (zh) * 2021-07-12 2021-12-03 中北大学 一种钻削孔分层缺陷定量检测方法
CN115570186A (zh) * 2022-11-21 2023-01-06 成都航威精密刃具有限公司 一种用于抑制碳纤维制孔缺陷的刀具及方法

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Application publication date: 20200214