CN110793664A - Installation and arrangement method of multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor - Google Patents
Installation and arrangement method of multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/14—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/04—Housings; Supporting members; Arrangements of terminals
- G01R1/0408—Test fixtures or contact fields; Connectors or connecting adaptors; Test clips; Test sockets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1218—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing using optical methods; using charged particle, e.g. electron, beams or X-rays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for installing and arranging a multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor. The winding temperature measurement optical fiber sensor comprises a single-point temperature measurement optical fiber and a quasi-distributed fiber grating string, wherein the single-point temperature measurement optical fiber is embedded in a cushion block between wire cakes and used for measuring the hot point temperature of a winding, and the distributed fiber grating string is embedded in a winding outer supporting bar and used for measuring the temperature field intensity distribution of the winding. The invention provides a solution for realizing the comprehensive sensing of the state of the transformer and the online real-time monitoring of multiple parameters of internal temperature, pressure, vibration and partial discharge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transformer monitoring, in particular to a method for installing and arranging a multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor.
Background
The power transformer is one of the most important electrical devices in the power system, and maintaining the normal operation of the power transformer is the basic guarantee of reliable power supply of the whole system. In recent years, as the capacity of transformers is gradually increased and the voltage class is gradually improved, the failure rate and the repair time of the transformers are also increased. The internal faults affecting the reliable operation of the transformer mainly include insulation faults, overheating faults, mechanical faults and the like. The partial discharge is caused by the decrease in the insulation performance or the deterioration of the insulation. Overheating faults are usually manifested by local overheating and temperature increase inside the transformer, which in the severe cases can cause the insulation material to decompose and generate gas. Mechanical failure often refers to abnormal vibration of the core, which results in loosening of the clamp or deformation of the winding after impact. These faults may cause the transformer to fail to operate properly, and therefore the transformer must be monitored for conditions of internal insulation, mechanical, overheating, etc.
The conventional scheduled power failure maintenance mainly based on prevention cannot realize real-time continuous monitoring of the state of the transformer, and excessive maintenance can also cause damage to equipment and shorten the service life of the equipment. In addition, the existing online monitoring technology is mostly used for monitoring single parameters such as temperature or partial discharge, however, along with the requirement of the construction scheme of the intelligent substation and the requirement of the comprehensive sensing technology of the equipment state in the construction of the ubiquitous power internet of things, the monitoring of the single parameters cannot meet the requirement of the operational reliability of the power transformation equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for installing and arranging a multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor, and provides a solution for realizing comprehensive sensing of the state of a transformer, and online real-time monitoring of internal temperature, pressure, vibration and partial discharge of the transformer in multiple parameters.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for installing and arranging a multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor comprises the installation and arrangement of a winding temperature measurement optical fiber sensor, a winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor, a vibration optical fiber sensor and a partial discharge optical fiber sensor;
the winding temperature measurement optical fiber sensor comprises single-point temperature measurement optical fibers and a quasi-distributed fiber grating string, wherein the single-point temperature measurement optical fibers are embedded in cushion blocks between wire cakes and used for measuring the hot point temperature of a winding, 1-2 single-point temperature measurement optical fibers are embedded in the same winding, and the number of the single-point optical fibers embedded in a phase B of the transformer is twice that of a phase A or a phase C;
the distributed fiber bragg grating strings are embedded in winding outer supporting bars and used for measuring temperature field intensity distribution of the winding, the distribution of the fiber bragg grating strings penetrates through the axial height of the winding, temperature measuring points contained in the fiber bragg grating strings are uniformly distributed in the winding outer supporting bars, 1-2 fiber bragg grating strings are embedded in the same winding, and the number of the fiber bragg grating strings embedded in a phase B of the transformer is twice that of the fiber bragg grating strings in the phase A or the phase C;
when the winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors are arranged in the pressure shoe cushion blocks of the upper clamping piece pressing support plate of the transformer or/and the pressure shoe cushion blocks of the lower clamping piece pressing support plate of the transformer, the positions of the winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors on the upper part and the lower part of the same phase of winding correspond to each other, and the winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors are symmetrically arranged on the high-low voltage side;
one transformer adopts one group or more than one group of vibration optical fiber sensors, each group comprises 3 vibration optical fiber sensors for respectively monitoring vibration signals in the three directions of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis, and each group of vibration optical fiber sensors is arranged on the surface of an upper clamping piece or a lower clamping piece of the transformer close to the through disc and is prevented from being arranged at the top and the bottom of an iron core of the transformer;
the partial discharge optical fiber sensors are arranged on the transformer inner device body, are respectively arranged at the sleeve lead joint, the lead support and the tap switch and are respectively used for detecting partial discharge signals of a lead, a winding and the tap switch, at least 1 partial discharge optical fiber sensor is arranged in a three-phase high-voltage lead clamping lead clamp, the partial discharge optical fiber sensors in the three-phase high-voltage lead clamping lead clamp are positioned at the same height, 1-2 partial discharge sensors are arranged in the clamping lead clamp within the range of 300 plus 600mm and at different heights, at least 3 partial discharge optical fiber sensors are arranged in the lead support, wherein the height positions of at least 1 partial discharge optical fiber sensor are staggered with other partial discharge optical fiber sensors, and at least 1 partial discharge optical fiber sensor is arranged at the tap switch.
Further, the single-point temperature measuring optical fiber is placed at a winding hot-point temperature point, and a theoretical value of the winding hot-point temperature is determined by formula 1:
wherein, thetahIs the winding hot spot temperature, θaIs the ambient temperature, θorIs the top oil temperature rise under rated current, R is the ratio of load loss and no-load loss under rated current, K is the load factor, which is equal to the ratio of load current to rated current, x is the index of the transformer oil, Hgr is the temperature difference of hot spot to the top oil of the winding under rated load, y is the winding index;
substituting the parameters of the transformer into formula 1 to calculate the theoretical value of the hot point temperature of the winding, calculating according to the distribution of the oil temperature in the transformer and the transmission process of the heat of the winding to obtain the area of the hot point temperature of the winding, and embedding the single-point temperature measuring optical fiber in a cushion block between wire cakes of the area of the hot point temperature.
Furthermore, 4-8 single-point temperature measuring optical fibers are arranged on the three-phase high-voltage winding, 4-8 single-point temperature measuring optical fibers are arranged on the medium-voltage winding, and 4-8 single-point temperature measuring optical fibers are arranged on the low-voltage winding.
Furthermore, x of the distribution transformer in the natural oil circulation cooling mode is 0.8, x of the medium-large power transformer is 0.9, x of the forced oil circulation cooling mode is 1.0, and y of the power transformer in the natural oil circulation cooling mode and the forced oil circulation cooling mode is 1.6.
Further, the number of temperature measurement points contained in each fiber grating string is determined by formula 2:
(2) where n is the number of temperature measuring points contained in each fiber grating string, HXThe axial height of the winding is shown, s is the distance between two adjacent temperature measuring points of the fiber grating strings, and after the number of the temperature measuring points contained in each fiber grating string is calculated by a formula 2, the fiber grating strings with the number of the temperature measuring points meeting the requirement are selected and embedded in the winding outer supporting bars.
Furthermore, the fiber bragg grating strings are arranged in winding outer supporting strips of the inner layer and the middle layer, the winding of the outermost layer is not arranged, 4-8 fiber bragg grating strings are arranged on the three-phase inner layer winding, and 4-8 fiber bragg grating strings are arranged on the three-phase middle layer winding.
Furthermore, 2-8 winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors are arranged on each phase winding, 6-24 winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors are arranged on the high-low voltage side of the three phases, and the arrangement positions of the winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors in the three-phase windings are the same.
Furthermore, two ends of the clamping piece in the long axis direction of the transformer are respectively provided with 1 partial discharge optical fiber sensor to realize the transverse positioning of partial discharge signals.
Furthermore, the middle part of the side surface of each winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor is welded with a grounding wire, a wire hole is formed at the position of a clamping piece close to the sensor, the periphery of the wire hole is not coated with paint, the non-coated range is as large as the outer diameter of a disc spring used by a grounding bolt, and the grounding wire is connected to the wire hole and grounded.
Furthermore, a square groove, an elongated groove and a strip-shaped groove are formed in the pressing shoe cushion block, the elongated groove and the strip-shaped groove are respectively communicated with the square groove, the winding pressing shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor is placed in the square groove, the contact surface of the pressing support plate and the pressing shoe cushion block completely covers the stress surface of the winding pressing shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor, the grounding wire is led out from the elongated groove, the optical fiber tail fiber of the winding pressing shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor is led out from the strip-shaped groove, and the strip-shaped groove is located between the two screw holes.
Further, the upper clamping piece or the lower clamping piece of the transformer is connected with a cubic tool through a fixing plate, and each group of vibration optical fiber sensors are respectively arranged on three adjacent planes of the cubic tool; the cubic tool is fixed on the fixing plate through the bolts, the periphery of a screw hole in the fixing plate is not painted, and the non-painted range is as large as the outer diameter of a disc spring used by the bolts.
Furthermore, the partial discharge optical fiber sensor is arranged in a wire clamp for clamping a lead, a wire clamp for specially arranging the partial discharge optical fiber sensor and a lead support, a cross-shaped groove is formed in the wire clamp or the support, the partial discharge optical fiber sensor is placed in the cross-shaped groove, and a short wire clamp is arranged on the upper portion of the partial discharge optical fiber sensor or outside the support, so that the sensor is prevented from being displaced due to the impact of oil flow.
Furthermore, the fiber grating string and the tail fiber embedded in the winding outer stay are wrapped with crepe paper, and the fiber grating string and the tail fiber and the outer stay are wrapped and fixed by the crepe paper every 150-200 mm.
Furthermore, the sensor fiber pigtails among the high, middle and low windings pass through the position winding paper tube matching cutting opening, when the sensor fiber pigtails of the internal winding are led out to the outside, two parallel grooves are formed in the winding end ring cushion block to enable the sensor fiber pigtails to penetrate through, and the part of the sensor fiber pigtails penetrating through the grooves in the cushion block is added with the corrugated paper.
Furthermore, the optical fiber tail fibers of all the sensors are led out from the installation positions of the sensors, and are fixed on a wire clamp in the transverse axis direction by crepe paper every 300-600mm after being collected, and the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side are respectively collected and led to the positions of the optical fiber through discs.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a mounting and arranging method of a multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor, which provides a solution for realizing multi-parameter online real-time monitoring of temperature, pressure, vibration and partial discharge in a transformer. The on-line monitoring can collect fault precursor information and carry out fault early warning, helps to find the early insulation defect of the transformer, takes targeted measures in time, avoids major or sudden accidents, shortens the unplanned power failure time of the system, can effectively avoid the loss possibly caused by excessive maintenance of equipment, prolongs the service life of the transformer, and reduces the maintenance and updating cost of the equipment.
According to the invention, the local discharge and vibration optical fiber sensor is directly arranged on a transformer body, so that the insulation and mechanical states in the transformer can be reflected more truly and accurately.
In addition, compared with the single parameter monitoring of the existing transformer, the comprehensive monitoring method with multi-parameter fusion belongs to the domestic advanced technology, the monitoring result is more accurate and comprehensive, the monitoring process is simplified, the working efficiency is improved, the labor cost is saved, the intelligent level of the transformer is improved, the intelligent transformation and intelligent transformer substation construction requirements of the transformer substation are met, and the requirement of comprehensive perception of the equipment state in the ubiquitous power internet of things construction is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a multi-parameter optical fiber sensor on a high-voltage side of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a multi-parameter optical fiber sensor on the low-voltage side of a transformer in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a shoe pad structure and a dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor for winding shoe installation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a lead clamp structure and a partial discharge fiber sensor;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation of the short wire clamp on the top of the partial discharge optical fiber sensor;
in the figure: 1. a winding temperature measurement optical fiber sensor; 2. a winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor; 3. vibrating the fiber optic sensor; 4. a partial discharge fiber optic sensor; 5. a shoe pressing cushion block; 6. a square groove; 7. a ground line; 8. a long groove; 9. a fiber pigtail; 10. a strip-shaped groove; 11. a wire clamp; 12. a cross-shaped slot; 13. a short wire clamp; 14. an upper clamp; 15. a lower clamp; 16. pressing the support plate; 17. and a lead wire bracket.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for installing and arranging a multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor, and provides a solution for realizing multi-parameter online real-time monitoring of temperature, pressure, vibration and partial discharge inside a transformer. The method comprises the installation and arrangement methods of a winding temperature measurement optical fiber sensor 1, a winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor 2, a vibration optical fiber sensor 3 and a partial discharge optical fiber sensor 4.
As shown in fig. 1, the winding temperature measurement optical fiber sensor 1 adopts a mode of combining a single-point temperature measurement optical fiber and a quasi-distributed fiber grating string. And single-point temperature measuring optical fibers are embedded in the cushion blocks between the wire cakes and used for measuring the hot point temperature of the winding, and each single-point temperature measuring optical fiber is used as a temperature measuring leading-out point. The single-point temperature measuring optical fiber is arranged near the winding hot point temperature point. The winding hot point temperature is the highest temperature which may occur in the winding, the value calculated by the formula 1 is the theoretical value of the winding hot point temperature, a measurement means is needed for measuring the temperature, the winding of the transformer can be dynamically detected in real time through optical fiber detection, and the running state of the winding can be mastered.
Substituting the parameters of the transformer into a formula 1 to calculate the hot spot temperature theoretical value of the winding, wherein the formula 1 is as follows:
wherein, thetahIs the winding hot spot temperature, θaIs the ambient temperature, θorIs the temperature rise of top layer oil under rated current, R is the ratio of load loss and no-load loss under rated current, K is the load coefficient, which is equal to the ratio of load current to rated current, x is the index of transformer oil, Hgr is the hot spot pair-winding under rated loadThe temperature difference of the oil at the top of the group, y is the winding index. X of the distribution transformer in the natural oil circulation cooling mode is 0.8, x of the medium-large power transformer is 0.9, x of the forced oil circulation cooling mode is 1.0, and y of the power transformer in the natural oil circulation cooling mode and the forced oil circulation cooling mode is 1.6;
and then calculating according to the distribution of the oil temperature in the transformer and the transmission process of the winding heat to obtain the area of the winding hot point temperature, and embedding the single-point temperature measuring optical fiber in a cushion block between wire cakes in the area of the hot point temperature.
The transformer oil flows into the bottom of the winding and has a bottom oil temperature, the bottom oil flows upwards through the winding, the temperature of the transformer oil linearly rises along with the height of the winding, heat generated by winding loss is transferred to the oil from the surface of the winding, and the transfer of the heat requires that a temperature difference exists between the winding and the oil around the winding, so that the oil temperature and the winding temperature distribution line are two parallel straight lines. The temperature of the transformer oil rises linearly with the height of the winding, and the temperature of the winding also rises linearly with the height of the winding, so that the hot spot area of the winding is located at the head end of the winding. The computer simulation tool is used to calculate in detail which cake of the winding the hot spot temperature is present in.
In this embodiment, the hot spot area of the high and medium voltage windings is located between the 1 st and 2 nd cakes, and the low voltage winding is located between the 4 th and 5 th cakes. And single-point temperature measuring optical fibers are embedded in cushion blocks between the wire cakes in the area where the hot point temperature is located. 4 single-point optical fibers are arranged in the three-phase high-voltage winding, the phase B current of the transformer is larger than A, C two phases, and the heat dissipation of the phase B winding is worse than that of the phase A, C two phases, so that 1 of A, C two phases and 2 of B phases are arranged. The medium voltage winding has 4 single-point optical fibers arranged, wherein A, C two phases are 1 each, and 2 in the B phase. The low voltage winding has 4 single-point optical fibers arranged, wherein A, C two phases are 1 each, and 2 in the B phase. The distribution of each single-point optical fiber in the radial gear of the winding is arranged on the principle of conveniently distributing the optical fibers.
And a quasi-distributed fiber grating string is buried in the winding outer stay and used for measuring the temperature field intensity distribution of the winding. The temperature rise of the winding at any position along the height increases linearly from the bottom to the top, and the fiber bragg grating strings are distributed throughout the axial height of the winding. Temperature measuring points contained in the fiber bragg grating string are uniformly distributed in the supporting strips. The axial height 1450mm of the winding and the distance 200mm between two adjacent temperature measuring points of the fiber bragg grating string are substituted into a formula 2,where n is the number of temperature measurement points contained in each fiber grating string, HXThe axial height of the winding is, s is the distance between two adjacent temperature measuring points of the fiber grating strings, the number of the temperature measuring points contained in each fiber grating string is calculated to be 8, the temperature measured by 8 temperature measuring points is transmitted to the fiber pigtail, and each fiber grating string is used as a temperature measuring leading-out point. The arrangement of the transformer windings is as follows from inside to outside in sequence: low voltage winding, medium voltage winding, high voltage winding. The three-phase low-voltage winding is provided with 4 fiber grating strings, wherein A, C two phases are respectively 1, and 2 are arranged in the B phase. 4 fiber grating strings are arranged in the medium-voltage winding, wherein A, C two phases are 1 in each phase, and 2 in the B phase. The fiber bragg grating strings are distributed in the radial gear of the winding in a mode that the fiber bragg grating strings are close to the lead wire clamp and convenient for fiber distribution.
In the embodiment, 20 winding temperature measurement leading-out points are arranged, wherein 4 of the 20 winding temperature measurement leading-out points are led out from the high-voltage side, as shown in figure 1, and 16 are led out from the low-voltage side, as shown in figure 2.
In the embodiment, 6 winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors 2 are arranged on the three-phase high-low voltage side, and are arranged in the pressure shoe cushion block 5 below the pressing and supporting plate 16 of the upper clamping piece 14, 2 windings are arranged on each phase, three phases are arranged at the same position, 3 of the three phases are led out from the high voltage side, as shown in fig. 1, and 3 are led out from the low voltage side, as shown in fig. 2. The winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors 2 are symmetrically arranged on the high-low voltage side, so that the gravity center deviation caused by the deformation of the three-phase winding can be monitored.
In the embodiment, 3 vibration optical fiber sensors 3 are arranged on the surface of the upper clamping piece 14 of the transformer, so that the vibration signals are considered to be attenuated by the propagation path of the vibration signals, and are prevented from being arranged at the top and the bottom of the iron core. Considering the relative position of the vibration measurement point and the optical fiber through disc, the optical fiber pigtail is convenient to route and fix in the transformer, and the vibration sensor is arranged on one side of the upper clamping piece close to the through disc, as shown in fig. 1.
In this embodiment, 8 partial discharge optical fiber sensors 4 are arranged on the high-low voltage side, and each of the three-phase high-voltage lead clamping wire clamps is 1 as shown in fig. 1. In this embodiment, the partial discharge optical fiber sensor 4 is an ultrasonic sensor, and the three-phase high-voltage lead clamping wire clamp is at the same height, and 1 partial discharge sensor is arranged at the position 300mm on the left side of the C-phase clamping wire clamp at different heights, so as to realize multi-point positioning of partial discharge signals. 3 of the high-voltage side lead wire supports, 2 of the high-voltage side lead wire supports are at the same height, and 1 of the high-voltage side lead wire supports is staggered. As shown in fig. 2, 1 partial discharge optical fiber sensor 4 is disposed at the right end of the low-voltage side upper clamp 14 near the tap changer.
In order to realize the transverse positioning of the partial discharge signals, 1 partial discharge optical fiber sensor can be respectively arranged at two ends of the clamping piece in the long axis direction of the transformer.
In this embodiment, the fiber grating string and its tail fiber embedded in the winding outer stay are wrapped with crepe paper, and the fiber grating string and its tail fiber and the outer stay are wrapped and fixed with crepe paper every 150 mm.
In the embodiment, the optical fiber tail fibers among the high winding, the middle winding and the low winding pass through the position winding paper tube and are provided with the cutting openings, so that the optical fiber tail fibers are prevented from being crushed; when the optical fiber tail fiber of the internal winding is led out to the outside, two parallel grooves are formed in the cushion block of the winding end ring to enable the optical fiber tail fiber to penetrate through, the length of each groove is changed along with the size of the cushion block, the thickness of the end ring and the winding amplitude phase, and the portion, penetrating through the grooves in the cushion block, of the optical fiber tail fiber is coated with crepe paper, so that the optical fiber tail fiber is prevented from being abraded.
In the embodiment, the winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors 2 are made of metal materials, in order to avoid the generation of a suspension potential, a grounding wire 7 is welded in the middle of the side face of each winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor 2, a wire hole is formed in the position, close to the clamping piece, of each winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor 2, no paint is coated on the periphery of the wire hole, the non-paint range is as large as the outer diameter of a disc spring used by a grounding bolt, and the grounding wire 7 is connected to the wire hole and grounded.
Referring to fig. 3, in this embodiment, a square groove 6 slightly larger than the external dimension of the sensor is formed in the pressure shoe cushion block 5, the winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor 2 is placed in the square groove 6 and close to the side of the clamp, and the contact surface of the upper clamp 14 pressing the support plate 16 and the pressure shoe cushion block 5 completely covers the stress surface of the sensor; one side of the square groove 6 is provided with a long groove 8 which is slightly wider than the sensor grounding wire 7 and is communicated with the square groove 6, the relative positions of the long groove 8 and the square groove 6 are matched with the sensor 2 and the grounding wire 7 thereof, and the grounding wire 7 is led out from the long groove 8; a strip-shaped groove 10 which is slightly wider than the optical fiber tail fiber 9 is arranged between two wire holes of the pressure shoe cushion block 5, and the optical fiber tail fiber 9 is led out from the strip-shaped groove 10.
In this embodiment, the vibration optical fiber sensor 3 is a three-axis sensor, which monitors vibration signals in three directions of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis, and the 3 sensors are installed on three adjacent planes of the cubic tool in a centralized manner; a fixing plate matched with the size of the cubic tool is welded on the upper clamping piece 14, the cubic tool is fixed on the fixing plate through bolts, no paint is coated around a screw hole on the fixing plate, the non-painting range is as large as the outer diameter of a disc spring used by the bolt, the tool and the upper clamping piece 14 are at the same potential through the non-painting range, and the occurrence of a suspension potential is avoided.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in this embodiment, the partial discharge optical fiber sensor 4 is installed in the lead wire clamp 11 for clamping the lead wire, the lead wire clamp 11 for specially installing the partial discharge optical fiber sensor, and the lead wire bracket 17, the cross-shaped groove 12 is opened in the lead wire clamp 11 or the bracket 17, the partial discharge optical fiber sensor 4 is placed in the cross-shaped groove 12, and the short lead wire clamp 13 is installed on the upper portion of the lead wire clamp 11 or the outside of the bracket 17 to cover the sensor 4 to prevent the sensor 4 from being displaced by oil flow.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in this embodiment, the fiber sensor pigtails are drawn from various positions, collected in sequence, fixed on the wire clamp in the transverse axis direction at intervals of 300 and 600mm by using crepe paper, and collected at the high and low voltage sides respectively and led to the position of the fiber through disc.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present patent.
Claims (15)
1. A method for installing and arranging a multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device comprises a winding temperature measurement optical fiber sensor, a winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor, a vibration optical fiber sensor and a local discharge optical fiber sensor which are arranged in an installation way;
the winding temperature measurement optical fiber sensor comprises single-point temperature measurement optical fibers and a quasi-distributed fiber grating string, wherein the single-point temperature measurement optical fibers are embedded in cushion blocks between wire cakes and used for measuring the hot point temperature of a winding, 1-2 single-point temperature measurement optical fibers are embedded in the same winding, and the number of the single-point optical fibers embedded in a phase B of the transformer is twice that of a phase A or a phase C;
the distributed fiber bragg grating strings are embedded in winding outer supporting bars and used for measuring temperature field intensity distribution of the winding, the distribution of the fiber bragg grating strings penetrates through the axial height of the winding, temperature measuring points contained in the fiber bragg grating strings are uniformly distributed in the winding outer supporting bars, 1-2 fiber bragg grating strings are embedded in the same winding, and the number of the fiber bragg grating strings embedded in a phase B of the transformer is twice that of the fiber bragg grating strings in the phase A or the phase C;
when the winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors are arranged in the pressure shoe cushion blocks of the upper clamping piece pressing support plate of the transformer or/and the pressure shoe cushion blocks of the lower clamping piece pressing support plate of the transformer, the positions of the winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors on the upper part and the lower part of the same phase of winding correspond to each other, and the winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors are symmetrically arranged on the high-low voltage side;
one transformer adopts one group or more than one group of vibration optical fiber sensors, each group comprises 3 vibration optical fiber sensors for respectively monitoring vibration signals in the three directions of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis, and each group of vibration optical fiber sensors is arranged on the surface of an upper clamping piece or a lower clamping piece of the transformer close to the through disc and is prevented from being arranged at the top and the bottom of an iron core of the transformer;
the partial discharge optical fiber sensors are arranged on the transformer inner device body, are respectively arranged at the sleeve lead joint, the lead support and the tap switch and are respectively used for detecting partial discharge signals of a lead, a winding and the tap switch, at least 1 partial discharge optical fiber sensor is arranged in a three-phase high-voltage lead clamping lead clamp, the partial discharge optical fiber sensors in the three-phase high-voltage lead clamping lead clamp are positioned at the same height, 1-2 partial discharge sensors are arranged in the clamping lead clamp within the range of 300 plus 600mm and at different heights, at least 3 partial discharge optical fiber sensors are arranged in the lead support, wherein the height positions of at least 1 partial discharge optical fiber sensor are staggered with other partial discharge optical fiber sensors, and at least 1 partial discharge optical fiber sensor is arranged at the tap switch.
2. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the single-point temperature measuring optical fiber is placed at a winding hot point temperature point, and the theoretical value of the winding hot point temperature is determined by formula 1:wherein, thetahIs the winding hot spot temperature, θaIs the ambient temperature, θorIs the top oil temperature rise under rated current, R is the ratio of load loss and no-load loss under rated current, K is the load factor, which is equal to the ratio of load current to rated current, x is the index of the transformer oil, Hgr is the temperature difference of hot spot to the top oil of the winding under rated load, y is the winding index;
substituting the parameters of the transformer into formula 1 to calculate the theoretical value of the hot point temperature of the winding, calculating according to the distribution of the oil temperature in the transformer and the transmission process of the heat of the winding to obtain the area of the hot point temperature of the winding, and embedding the single-point temperature measuring optical fiber in a cushion block between wire cakes of the area of the hot point temperature.
3. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein: 4-8 single-point temperature measuring optical fibers are arranged on the three-phase high-voltage winding, 4-8 single-point temperature measuring optical fibers are arranged on the medium-voltage winding, and 4-8 single-point temperature measuring optical fibers are arranged on the low-voltage winding.
4. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the x of the distribution transformer in the natural oil circulation cooling mode is 0.8, the x of the medium-large power transformer is 0.9, the x of the forced oil circulation cooling mode is 1.0, and the y of the power transformer in the natural oil circulation cooling mode and the forced oil circulation cooling mode is 1.6.
5. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the number of temperature measuring points contained in each fiber grating string is determined by formula 2:wherein n is the number of temperature measuring points contained in each fiber grating string, HXThe axial height of the winding is shown, s is the distance between two adjacent temperature measuring points of the fiber grating strings, and after the number of the temperature measuring points contained in each fiber grating string is calculated by a formula 2, the fiber grating strings with the number of the temperature measuring points meeting the requirement are selected and embedded in the winding outer supporting bars.
6. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein: the fiber bragg grating strings are arranged in winding outer supporting strips of the inner layer and the middle layer, the winding of the outermost layer is not arranged, 4-8 fiber bragg grating strings are arranged on the three-phase inner layer winding, and 4-8 fiber bragg grating strings are arranged on the three-phase middle layer winding.
7. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein: 2-8 winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors are arranged on each phase winding, 6-24 winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors are arranged on the high-low voltage side of the three phases, and the arrangement positions of the winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensors in the three-phase windings are the same.
8. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein: two ends of the clamping piece in the long axis direction of the transformer are respectively provided with 1 partial discharge optical fiber sensor to realize the transverse positioning of partial discharge signals.
9. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein: a grounding wire is welded in the middle of the side face of each winding pressure shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor, a wire hole is formed in a clamping piece close to the sensor, the periphery of the wire hole is not coated with paint, the non-coated range is as large as the outer diameter of a disc spring used by a grounding bolt, and the grounding wire is connected to the wire hole and grounded.
10. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor according to claim 9, wherein: the winding press shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor is arranged in the square groove, the contact surface of the press supporting plate and the press shoe cushion block completely covers the stress surface of the winding press shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor, the grounding wire is led out from the long groove, the optical fiber tail fiber of the winding press shoe dynamic pressure optical fiber sensor is led out from the strip-shaped groove, and the strip-shaped groove is positioned between the two screw holes.
11. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the upper clamping piece or the lower clamping piece of the transformer is connected with a cubic tool through a fixing plate, and each group of vibration optical fiber sensors are respectively arranged on three adjacent planes of the cubic tool; the cubic tool is fixed on the fixing plate through the bolts, the periphery of a screw hole in the fixing plate is not painted, and the non-painted range is as large as the outer diameter of a disc spring used by the bolts.
12. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the partial discharge optical fiber sensor is arranged in a wire clamp for clamping a lead wire, a wire clamp for specially installing the partial discharge optical fiber sensor and a lead wire support, a cross-shaped groove is formed in the wire clamp or the support, the partial discharge optical fiber sensor is placed in the cross-shaped groove, and a short wire clamp is arranged on the upper portion of the partial discharge optical fiber sensor or outside the support, so that the sensor is prevented from shifting due to the fact that the sensor is flushed by oil flow.
13. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber grating string and the tail fiber thereof embedded in the winding outer stay are wrapped with crepe paper, and the fiber grating string and the tail fiber thereof and the outer stay are wrapped and fixed by the crepe paper every 150-200 mm.
14. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the sensor fiber tail fibers among the high, middle and low windings pass through the position winding paper tube matching cut openings, when the sensor fiber tail fibers of the inner winding are led out to the outside, two parallel grooves are formed in the cushion block of the winding end ring to enable the sensor fiber tail fibers to penetrate through, and the portions, penetrating through the grooves in the cushion block, of the sensor fiber tail fibers are added with the corrugated paper.
15. The installation and arrangement method of the multi-parameter sensing transformer optical fiber sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber pigtails of all the sensors are led out from the installation positions of the sensors, and are fixed on a wire clamp in the transverse axis direction by crepe paper every 300-600mm after being collected, and the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side are collected respectively and led to the positions of the fiber through discs.
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