CN110793555A - Shaft end tooth-shaped photoelectric position sensor - Google Patents
Shaft end tooth-shaped photoelectric position sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN110793555A CN110793555A CN201911234525.0A CN201911234525A CN110793555A CN 110793555 A CN110793555 A CN 110793555A CN 201911234525 A CN201911234525 A CN 201911234525A CN 110793555 A CN110793555 A CN 110793555A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/28—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with deflection of beams of light, e.g. for direct optical indication
- G01D5/30—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with deflection of beams of light, e.g. for direct optical indication the beams of light being detected by photocells
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Abstract
The invention provides a shaft end tooth-shaped photoelectric position sensor. In the technical scheme, a defect part and a tooth-shaped part which are mutually spaced are formed at the end part of a motor shaft in a cutting mode; the tail end of the tooth-shaped part is a part of the smooth end face of the motor shaft, so when rays of the photoelectric emitter are projected to the tooth-shaped part, the rays can be reflected in a plane to reach the photoelectric receiver at a specific position, and when the rays of the photoelectric emitter are projected to the defect part, the rays cannot be reflected in the plane but are reflected to other positions by the inner surface of the defect part, so that the rays are not received by the photoelectric receiver; based on the principle, the defect part and the tooth-shaped part are mutually spaced, so that signals received by the photoelectric receiver can alternately appear, and the position of the rotating shaft is judged according to the change condition of the electric signals. The invention not only realizes the accurate monitoring of the position of the rotating shaft, but also does not need to add mechanical equipment on the high-speed motor rotor, and simultaneously avoids coating light-absorbing materials, thereby having better operation stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rotor position sensors, in particular to a shaft end tooth-shaped photoelectric position sensor.
Background
In recent years, high-speed motors have been widely used. In the operation process of the high-speed motor, because the rotor is in a high-speed rotation state, a small amount of eccentricity of the rotor can cause severe vibration, and the motor and connected equipment are easily damaged; therefore, the high-speed motor has a high demand for eccentricity of the rotor. In this case, the prior art monitors the rotor position in real time by means of a rotor position sensor and finds the eccentricity phenomenon of the rotor in time.
There are a variety of sensors available, of which photoelectric, magnetoelectric, and resolver type position sensors are widely used. The sensor has high resolution, high precision and high price. High speed motors often use low resolution photoelectric and hall-switch sensors. The Hall sensor fixes a permanent magnet on the rotor, and a Hall element is fixed on the stator or the shell. When the rotor rotates, the magnetic field change passing through the Hall element is converted into an alternating electric signal to indicate the position of the rotor. Photoelectric sensors come in different forms. It is common to fix a shading impeller on the rotor of the motor and a light-emitting and light-sensing element on the stator. The rotor drives the impeller to rotate to alternately shield light and transmit light, so that the photosensitive element emits alternating photocurrent. The electronic circuit can determine the rotor position by detecting the photocurrent.
Some of the above position sensors cannot be used in high speed rotation situations, such as high resolution sensors. In addition, no matter what kind of sensor is used, mechanical equipment is added to the high-speed motor rotor. This increases the eccentricity error of the rotor, and aggravates the vibration during rotation. In response to such problems, some researchers have proposed sensors (publication nos. CN207069826U and CN207816298U) for detecting the position of a rotor by using the principle of axial light reflection. Although this solution overcomes the problem of eccentricity errors introduced by the sensor, it requires the fabrication of non-reflective areas on the side or end faces of the shaft.
However, on the basis of the prior art, non-reflective surfaces can only be produced by means of additional light-absorbing materials. The coating of light-absorbing materials requires a clean surface of the object, the coating process requires high precision, and the coated surface is very sensitive, has low mechanical strength and is easily damaged during subsequent processing of parts and installation of equipment. In addition, since a high temperature is generated when the motor operates, the coating material is often an organic material and is easily discolored or peeled off at a high temperature, resulting in loss or reduction of light absorption properties. In addition, the additional material may be dropped due to temperature rise and fall and high frequency vibration during the operation of the motor. Not only the piece after the dropout can damage sensor components and parts, former non-reflecting surface can become the reflecting surface moreover for the signal that the sensor produced takes place the distortion, loses position detection function.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shaft end tooth-shaped photoelectric position sensor aiming at the technical defects in the prior art, so as to solve the technical problem that the conventional rotor position sensor in the prior art needs additional mechanical equipment on a high-speed motor rotor, so that the eccentricity error is easily aggravated.
The invention also aims to solve the technical problem of how to avoid coating light absorption materials on a sensor for detecting the position of a rotor by using the principle of axial light reflection.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the shaft end tooth-shaped photoelectric position sensor comprises a motor shaft end part, an end surface, a defect part, a tooth-shaped part, a photoelectric emitter and a photoelectric receiver, wherein the tail end of the motor shaft end part is a planar end surface, the tail end of the motor shaft end part is provided with a plurality of defect parts and a plurality of tooth-shaped parts, the tooth-shaped part and the defect parts are mutually spaced, and the tail end of the tooth-shaped part is positioned on the end surface; the ray of the photoelectric emitter is projected on the end face, and the photoelectric receiver is used for receiving the ray from the photoelectric emitter.
Preferably, the radiation of the photo-emitter is projected onto the end of the tooth, and the radiation is reflected by the end of the tooth to reach the photo-receiver.
Preferably, the radiation of the photoemitter is projected at the defect portion, the radiation not reaching the photoreceiver.
Preferably, the shape of the tooth-shaped part includes straight teeth, arc-shaped teeth or circular teeth.
Preferably, there are 4 defect portions and 4 tooth portions, and an included angle between each two adjacent tooth portions is 90 °.
Preferably, there are 3 photoemitters and 3 photoreceivers; the projection of the rays of the 3 photoelectric emitters on the end face forms an angle of 120 degrees between every two photoelectric emitters; the projection of the ray of 3 photoelectric emitters on the end face, the three intersect at the center of the end face.
Preferably, there are 2 photoemitters and 2 photoreceivers; projection of rays of the 2 photoelectric emitters on the end face is carried out, and an angle of 45 degrees is formed between the rays of the 2 photoelectric emitters and the end face; the projection of the ray of 2 photoelectric emitters on the end face intersects with the center of the end face.
In the above technical scheme, the end part of the motor shaft is the natural tail end of the motor shaft; the end surface of the tail end is a plane, and the end surface is in a smooth light reflecting state; the end part of the motor shaft forms a defect part and a tooth-shaped part which are mutually spaced in a cutting mode; the tail end of the tooth-shaped part is a part of the end face, so when the ray of the photoelectric emitter is projected to the tooth-shaped part, the ray can be reflected in a plane to reach the photoelectric receiver at a specific position, and when the ray of the photoelectric emitter is projected to the defect part, the ray can not be reflected in the plane but be reflected to other positions by the inner surface of the defect part, so that the ray can not be received by the photoelectric receiver; based on the principle, the defect part and the tooth-shaped part are mutually spaced, so that signals received by the photoelectric receiver can alternately appear, and the position of the rotating shaft is judged according to the change condition of the electric signals. The invention not only realizes the accurate monitoring of the position of the rotating shaft, but also does not need to add mechanical equipment on the high-speed motor rotor, thereby not influencing the existing rotation balance; meanwhile, the invention avoids coating the light absorption material, thereby overcoming various problems caused by the instability of the coating material.
The invention provides a shaft end tooth-shaped photoelectric position sensor. According to the technical scheme, a deflection reflection surface is manufactured by cutting a defect part in an area which does not need to reflect light, and the deflection reflection surface can reflect light rays emitted by a photoelectric emitter to other areas to avoid a photoelectric receiver; the processed tooth flank can reflect light or not. The photoelectric sensor is fixedly arranged on the motor stator or the shell. The light emitted by the photoelectric emitter irradiates the end face of the shaft. If the light irradiates the tooth area with the smooth surface, the light is reflected into the photoelectric receiver; if the light irradiates the gap area, the light is not reflected to the photoelectric receiver.
The invention produces a tooth-shaped structure on the end surface of the rotating shaft by a method of mechanically cutting off the shaft material, and the tooth-shaped structure and uncut regions alternately appear to form a rotating part of the rotating position sensor. The end face cut-off region does not reflect light rays from the photoelectric transmitter on the end face, so that the light rays are prevented from being reflected to the photoelectric receiver; the non-cutting area is positioned on the axial end face and reflects light to enter the photoelectric receiver. The photoelectric emitter continuously emits light, and when the rotating shaft rotates, light entering the photoelectric receiver alternately appears, so that an alternately appearing electric signal is generated. The position of the rotating shaft can be judged according to the change condition of the electric signal.
The invention provides a method for machining the end part of a rotating shaft to generate a tooth shape and manufacturing a local reflection light area on the end surface, so that light emitted by a photoelectric emitter does not irradiate the end surface and does not enter a photoelectric receiver, and the problem that the existing shaft end reflection photoelectric encoder is easy to fall off due to the fact that the method that additional materials are adopted to generate a non-reflection light area is solved. The method improves the reliability and the service life of the axial end surface reflection photoelectric position sensor.
In addition, the method utilizes a mechanical processing method to manufacture the tooth-shaped reflecting surface of the shaft end surface, the processing is simple, the cost is low, the processed structure is firm and reliable, and the performance of the sensor cannot be influenced by a small amount of collision in the installation process.
In addition, the method does not need to add extra parts on the rotating shaft to influence the eccentricity of the high-speed rotating equipment, thereby simplifying the product debugging process, improving the product performance and increasing the yield.
In addition, the invention provides a plurality of examples for realizing the actual position sensor system by adopting the method. The sensor adopting the method can generate a plurality of electric signals which are changed alternately in the photoelectric receiver along with the different positions of the rotor, and can judge the rotating direction of the rotating shaft according to the phase relation of the signals.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a left side view of the end of the motor shaft of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the end of the motor shaft of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a detection schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an electrical connection in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a detection signal diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a detection schematic diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a detection signal diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
in the figure:
1. motor shaft end 2, end face 3, defect portion 4, tooth-shaped portion
11. A first photoelectric emitter 12, a second photoelectric emitter 13, a third photoelectric emitter 21 and a first photoelectric receiver
22. Second and third photoelectric receivers 23 and 23
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. Well-known structures or functions may not be described in detail in the following embodiments in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the details. Approximating language, as used herein in the following examples, may be applied to identify quantitative representations that could permissibly vary in number without resulting in a change in the basic function. Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used in the following examples have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, the left drawing is an end elevation and the right drawing is an axial end elevation. The end face of the shaft is uniformly cut with 4 grooves along the circumferential direction to form 4 teeth, and the first photoelectric emitter 11, the second photoelectric emitter 12 and the third photoelectric emitter 13 are fixed at a certain distance away from the end face of the shaft and have equal distance to the axis; the first, second, and third photoelectric receivers 21, 22, and 23 are fixed radially outside the transmitter, facing the end face.
In the rotor position shown in the figure, the first photoelectric receiver 21(a) receives the light reflected by the tooth surface of the first photoelectric transmitter 11; the light emitted from the second photo-emitter 12 and the third photo-emitter 13 irradiates the interdental space without directly reaching the second photo-receiver 22(B) and the third photo-receiver 23 (C).
The photoelectric emitter and the photoelectric receiver are connected with an electronic circuit for signal processing. The whole sensor circuit structure is shown in fig. 4.
When the motor rotor rotates, the light signals received by the three photoelectric receivers are shown in the graph of fig. 5. Where a high level indicates light and a low level indicates no light.
The photoelectric conversion circuit can convert the optical signal into an electric signal and output the electric signal. Subsequent circuitry may use the output electrical signal to calculate rotor position. In the example of the sensor described above, the sensor outputs the same signal 4 times per rotation of the motor. When the rotor rotates reversely, the high and low level change sequence of the signals is opposite.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 6, the axial surface is uniformly cut with 4 grooves in the circumferential direction, and the circumferential lengths of the reflecting surface and the cutting grooves are equal. Two pairs of photoemitters (a first photoemitter 11 and a second photoemitter 12) and photoreceivers (a first photoreceiver 21 and a second photoreceiver 22) are arranged on the stator outside the axial end face in the manner shown in the drawing.
In the rotor position shown in the above figure, the light emitted by the first photo-emitter 11 is reflected by the shaft end surface and reaches the first photo-receiver 21 (a); the light emitted from the second photoemitter 12 strikes the interdental area and fails to reach the second photoreceiver 22 (B).
The photoelectric emitter and the photoelectric receiver are connected with an electronic circuit for signal processing. When the motor rotor rotates, the optical signals received by the two photoelectric receivers are as shown in the graph of fig. 7:
the photoelectric conversion circuit can convert the optical signal into an electric signal and output the electric signal. Subsequent circuitry may use the output electrical signal to calculate rotor position. In the above sensor implementation example, the sensor outputs the same signal 4 times per rotation of the motor. When the rotor rotates reversely, the high and low level change sequence of the signals is opposite.
In addition, in practical applications, the number of teeth, the tooth shape, the number of photo-emitters and photo-receivers, the installation manner, etc. can be adjusted to meet practical requirements without departing from the basic principles and structural features of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the specific cases given in the above embodiments.
In addition, the shaft end teeth shown in the above embodiments and the drawings are all straight teeth. The invention may be practiced if other shapes of teeth are used, such as arcuate, circular or irregular, although such alternatives are difficult to manufacture, complicated to design and may not be as effective as previously described. However, the core idea of the invention is to adopt a method of machining the end of the middle shaft to cut off the area of the end surface of the shaft which does not need to reflect light, so that the light irradiated to the area is not reflected on the end surface of the shaft, and the light is prevented from entering the photoelectric receiver. Accordingly, it is within the scope of the present invention to use other surface forms of tooth shapes or machining.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the scope of the application of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The shaft end tooth-shaped photoelectric position sensor is characterized by comprising a motor shaft end part (1), an end face (2), a defect part (3), a tooth-shaped part (4), a photoelectric emitter and a photoelectric receiver, wherein the tail end of the motor shaft end part (1) is the planar end face (2), the tail end of the motor shaft end part (1) is provided with a plurality of defect parts (3) and a plurality of tooth-shaped parts (4), the tooth-shaped parts (4) and the defect parts (3) are mutually spaced, and the tail end of the tooth-shaped part (4) is positioned on the end face (2); the radiation of the photoemitter is projected on the end face (2) and the photoelectric receiver is used for receiving the radiation from the photoemitter.
2. An axial end tooth form photoelectric position sensor according to claim 1, wherein the radiation from the photoelectric emitter is projected onto the end of the tooth form part (4), and the radiation is reflected by the end of the tooth form part (4) and reaches the photoelectric receiver.
3. Axial end tooth form photoelectric position sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the ray of the photoelectric emitter is projected at the defect portion (3), and the ray does not reach the photoelectric receiver.
4. Shaft end profile optoelectronic position sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile of the tooth profile (4) comprises straight, curved or rounded teeth.
5. An axial end toothed photoelectric position sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that there are 4 defect portions (3) and 4 tooth portions (4), and the included angle between every two adjacent tooth portions (4) is 90 °.
6. An axial end tooth form photoelectric position sensor according to claim 5, wherein there are 3 said photoemitters and 3 said photoreceivers; the projection of the rays of the 3 photoelectric emitters on the end face (2) forms an angle of 120 degrees between every two photoelectric emitters; the projection of the ray of 3 photoelectric emitters on the end face (2) is intersected at the circle center of the end face (2).
7. An axial end tooth form photoelectric position sensor according to claim 5, wherein there are 2 photoemitters and 2 photoemitters; the projection of the rays of the 2 photoelectric emitters on the end face (2) forms an angle of 45 degrees between the two; the projection of the ray of the 2 photoelectric emitters on the end face (2) is intersected at the center of the end face (2).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911234525.0A CN110793555A (en) | 2019-12-05 | 2019-12-05 | Shaft end tooth-shaped photoelectric position sensor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911234525.0A CN110793555A (en) | 2019-12-05 | 2019-12-05 | Shaft end tooth-shaped photoelectric position sensor |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6024180U (en) * | 1983-07-19 | 1985-02-19 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Optical rotation detection device for electric motors |
| JP2001159544A (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-12 | Auto Network Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | Steering detecting device |
| US20050001156A1 (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2005-01-06 | Minoru Onishi | Rotation detector |
| JP2007053879A (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-03-01 | Tamagawa Seiki Co Ltd | Motor with revolution detector |
| JP2014077676A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-05-01 | Harmonic Drive Syst Ind Co Ltd | Finite angle sensor |
| US20160258784A1 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-09-08 | Apple Inc. | Optical encoder with direction-dependent optical properties |
| CN207816298U (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-09-04 | 淄博中聚磁电科技有限公司 | Axial end reflecting light electric position sensor |
| CN211783519U (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-10-27 | 北京高博云电子技术有限公司 | Shaft end tooth-shaped photoelectric position sensor |
-
2019
- 2019-12-05 CN CN201911234525.0A patent/CN110793555A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6024180U (en) * | 1983-07-19 | 1985-02-19 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Optical rotation detection device for electric motors |
| JP2001159544A (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-12 | Auto Network Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | Steering detecting device |
| US20050001156A1 (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2005-01-06 | Minoru Onishi | Rotation detector |
| JP2007053879A (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-03-01 | Tamagawa Seiki Co Ltd | Motor with revolution detector |
| JP2014077676A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-05-01 | Harmonic Drive Syst Ind Co Ltd | Finite angle sensor |
| US20160258784A1 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-09-08 | Apple Inc. | Optical encoder with direction-dependent optical properties |
| CN207816298U (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-09-04 | 淄博中聚磁电科技有限公司 | Axial end reflecting light electric position sensor |
| CN211783519U (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-10-27 | 北京高博云电子技术有限公司 | Shaft end tooth-shaped photoelectric position sensor |
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Effective date of registration: 20210514 Address after: Laser Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, No.46 Haichuan Road, high tech Zone, Jining City, Shandong Province 272000 Applicant after: Gao Jianbo Address before: Room 207, 1st floor, block C, building 1, yard 2, Yongcheng North Road, Haidian District, Beijing Applicant before: Beijing gaoboyun Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd. |