CN110790865B - Double-network hydrogel for sampling explosive particles and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Double-network hydrogel for sampling explosive particles and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles and a preparation method thereof, the double-network hydrogel is prepared from polyacrylic acid/polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate/polyvinyl alcohol polyacrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene/polyvinyl alcohol or poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)/polyvinyl alcohol, the double-network hydrogel has good viscosity, flexibility and mechanical property, can replace the traditional sampling material, the device is used for collecting explosive particles left on the surface of suspicious people or suspicious objects, particularly special areas such as corners and slits where the particles are easy to gather, has the advantages of high sampling efficiency, wide sampling area, simple operation method, economy, low price, strong portability, environmental protection and the like, and can provide an effective technical means for the on-site detection and analysis of the explosives by a public security system. In addition, the double-network hydrogel can be combined with a chemical colorimetric technology to load a specific explosive detection reagent, so that the functions of sampling and detection are integrated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of explosive detection and analysis, and particularly relates to a double-network hydrogel for explosive particle collection and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, cotton fabrics, non-woven fabrics, polytetrafluoroethylene, coated glass fibers and the like with rough shapes and large specific surface areas are mainly adopted for explosive sampling, and when the explosive sampling is contacted with a suspicious sample, suspicious powder is sampled through weak interaction. The sampling mode is easily interfered by the environment, the flexibility of the sampling substrate is poor, and effective sampling can not be realized for special areas such as corners and slits where particles are easy to enrich.
The double-network hydrogel for collecting the explosive particles is suitable for rapidly and effectively collecting the explosive particles on site, has the advantages of high sampling efficiency, wide sampling area, simple operation method, economy, low price, strong portability, environmental protection and the like, and can realize in-situ sampling detection by combining with a chemical colorimetric technology, thereby improving the detection sensitivity. The hydrogel has good viscosity due to abundant hydroxyl and carboxyl, so that the hydrogel can be adhered to the surfaces of various objects, and the collection efficiency of suspicious particles is improved; the borate bond and the double-network structure in the hydrogel provide excellent mechanical properties for the hydrogel, and the hydrogel is ensured to have good flexibility and mechanical properties in the sample collection process. The double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles can replace the traditional sampling material, and is suitable for collecting suspicious powder on the surfaces of objects such as luggage, bags, express packages, hair, skin, shoes and socks, metal, plastic, walls, floors, peels and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles and a preparation method thereof, the double-network hydrogel is prepared from polyacrylic acid/polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate/polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene/polyvinyl alcohol or poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)/polyvinyl alcohol, the double-network hydrogel has good viscosity, flexibility and mechanical property, can replace the traditional sampling material, the device is used for collecting explosive particles remained on the surface of a suspicious person or a suspicious object, especially special areas such as corners and slits where the particles are easy to enrich, has the advantages of high sampling efficiency, wide sampling area, simple operation method, economy, low price, strong portability, environmental protection and the like, and can provide an effective technical means for detecting and analyzing the explosive on site for a public security system. In addition, the double-network hydrogel can be combined with a chemical colorimetric technology to load a specific explosive detection reagent, so that the functions of sampling and detection are integrated.
The invention relates to a double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, which is characterized in that the double-network hydrogel is prepared from polyacrylic acid/polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate/polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene/polyvinyl alcohol or poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)/polyvinyl alcohol;
the cross-linking agent added into the polyvinyl alcohol is borax, glutaraldehyde, glutaric anhydride or maleic anhydride, and the mass ratio of the cross-linking agent to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:40-1: 100;
the polyacrylic acid, the sodium polyacrylate, the polyacrylamide, the polyvinylpyrrolidone, the polystyrene or the poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) are polymerized by a monomer, an initiator, a cross-linking agent and a solvent deionized water;
wherein the monomer is 5-50% of acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, acrylamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, styrene or N-isopropyl acrylamide by mass fraction; the cross-linking agent is N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, divinyl benzene or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate with the mass fraction of 0.02-0.06%; the initiator is potassium persulfate with the mass fraction of 0.2-0.8%.
The preparation method of the double-network hydrogel for collecting the explosive particles comprises the following steps:
a. adding a cross-linking agent of borax, glutaraldehyde, glutaric anhydride or maleic anhydride into polyvinyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:40-1:100, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing 5-50% of acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, acrylamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, styrene or N-isopropyl acrylamide, 0.02-0.06% of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, divinylbenzene or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate serving as a cross-linking agent and 0.2-0.8% of potassium persulfate serving as an initiator, adding 4.3-7% of the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. and d, taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking for 3 times, changing water to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing.
The explosive particles are sulfur, nitrite, chlorate/perchlorate, nitrate, urea and derivatives thereof, ammonium salt, permanganate, TATP or DADP or HMTD nitrogen-free explosive nonstandard explosives and raw materials thereof; dinitrotoluene, p-nitrotoluene, trinitrotoluene, picric acid, tai' an explosives, hexogen, trolene or octogen systems.
The double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles can collect dust, pollen, chalk dust, cement or metal oxide, pollen, ink, toxic metal, pesticide or chemical warfare agent, drugs and the like besides explosive powder.
When the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles is used, the sealed bag provided with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate is opened, the double-network hydrogel is used for wiping the surface of a suspicious person or suspicious objects, and the explosive particles remained on the surface of the suspicious person or suspicious objects are sampled in an adhering mode.
Compared with the existing explosive collecting substrate, the double-network hydrogel substrate for collecting explosive particles has the advantages of high sampling efficiency, wide sampling area, simple operation method, economy, low price, strong portability, environmental protection and the like, and can provide an effective technical means for detecting and analyzing explosives on site in a public security system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of potassium permanganate particle collection according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the good mechanical properties of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1
a. Adding borax serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1:86, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing acrylic acid with the mass fraction of 15% serving as a monomer, N' -methylene bisacrylamide with the mass fraction of 0.04% serving as a cross-linking agent and potassium persulfate with the mass fraction of 0.5% serving as an initiator, adding polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5% and containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, placing the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into 3cm multiplied by 2cm in size, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealing bag filled with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping the residual sulfur powder on the sampling floor by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is sulfur.
Example 2
a. Adding borax serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1:86, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. b, mixing 12 mass percent of sodium acrylate serving as a monomer, 0.03 mass percent of divinylbenzene serving as a crosslinking agent and 0.55 mass percent of potassium persulfate serving as an initiator, adding 6 mass percent of crosslinking agent-containing polyvinyl alcohol obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, placing the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into 3cm multiplied by 2cm in size, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealing bag filled with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping and collecting the residual sodium nitrite at the corner by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dropwise adding a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is sodium nitrite.
Example 3
a. Adding a cross-linking agent glutaraldehyde into polyvinyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:86, and uniformly stirring to obtain polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing 5 mass percent of sodium acrylate serving as a monomer, 0.06 mass percent of glycol dimethacrylate serving as a cross-linking agent and 0.7 mass percent of potassium persulfate serving as an initiator, adding 6 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealed bag containing the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping residual sodium nitrate powder on the collection box by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is sodium nitrate.
Example 4
a. Adding borax serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1:86, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing styrene with a monomer mass fraction of 5.8%, a crosslinking agent with a mass fraction of 0.04%, and potassium persulfate with a mass fraction of 0.66%, adding polyvinyl alcohol with a mass fraction of 5.8% and containing a crosslinking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, placing the hydrogel template into a constant temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealing bag filled with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping the residual sulfur powder on the sampling floor by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is sulfur.
Example 5
a. Adding borax serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1:86, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing N-vinyl pyrrolidone with the mass fraction of 12% as a monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate with the mass fraction of 0.03% as a cross-linking agent and potassium persulfate with the mass fraction of 0.55% as an initiator, adding polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 7% and containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealing bag filled with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping residual ammonium nitrate powder on the rubber by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is ammonium nitrate.
Example 6
a. Adding a cross-linking agent glutaric anhydride into polyvinyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:86, and uniformly stirring to obtain polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. b, mixing 17 mass percent of N-isopropylacrylamide serving as a monomer, 0.05 mass percent of N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide serving as a cross-linking agent and 0.6 mass percent of potassium persulfate serving as an initiator, adding 6.8 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, placing the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor at the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealing bag filled with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping and collecting the residual potassium permanganate on the envelope by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is potassium permanganate.
Example 7
a. Adding maleic anhydride serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:40, and uniformly stirring to obtain polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing acrylic acid with the mass fraction of 5% serving as a monomer, N' -methylene bisacrylamide with the mass fraction of 0.02% serving as a cross-linking agent and potassium persulfate with the mass fraction of 0.2% serving as an initiator, adding polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 4.3% containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealed bag containing the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping the residual TATP or DADP or HMTD powder on the wooden table top by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is TATP or DADP or HMTD.
Example 8
a. Adding borax serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:100, and uniformly stirring to obtain polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. b, mixing a monomer of sodium acrylate with the mass fraction of 40%, a crosslinking agent of divinylbenzene with the mass fraction of 0.06% and an initiator of potassium persulfate with the mass fraction of 0.8%, adding 7% of polyvinyl alcohol containing the crosslinking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealed bag containing the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping the chlorate powder remained on the glass by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the chlorate powder is chlorate.
Example 9
a. Adding borax serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1:70, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing a monomer of acrylamide with the mass fraction of 50%, a cross-linking agent of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide with the mass fraction of 0.06% and an initiator of potassium persulfate with the mass fraction of 0.4%, adding polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 6.5% and containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening a sealing bag provided with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping and collecting residual perchlorate powder on the ceramic by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is perchlorate.
Example 10
a. Adding borax serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1:50, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing 25 mass percent of styrene serving as a monomer, 0.04 mass percent of divinylbenzene serving as a crosslinking agent and 0.66 mass percent of potassium persulfate serving as an initiator, adding 5.5 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol containing the crosslinking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealing bag filled with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping and collecting the trinitrotoluene powder remained on the polyester fiber clothes by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is trinitrotoluene.
Example 11
a. Adding borax serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:100, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing 35 mass percent of acrylic acid serving as a monomer, 0.05 mass percent of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide serving as a cross-linking agent and 0.35 mass percent of potassium persulfate serving as an initiator, adding 5 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealed bag with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping the picric acid powder remained on the sampling key by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is the picric acid.
Example 12
a. Adding glutaraldehyde serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:50, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing 12 mass percent of acrylamide monomer, 0.03 mass percent of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide cross-linking agent and 0.55 mass percent of potassium persulfate initiator, adding 6 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, placing the hydrogel template into a constant temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealed bag containing the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping and collecting the residual trotter powder on the aluminum plate by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is trotter.
Example 13
a. Adding glutaraldehyde serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:50, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing N-isopropylacrylamide with the mass fraction of 40% serving as a monomer, N' -methylenebisacrylamide with the mass fraction of 0.04% serving as a cross-linking agent and potassium persulfate with the mass fraction of 0.66% serving as an initiator, adding polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 5.8% containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealing bag filled with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping and collecting the hexogen powder remained on the polytetrafluoroethylene by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is hexogen.
Example 14
a. Adding borax serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1:60, and uniformly stirring to obtain polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing 25 mass percent of acrylic acid serving as a monomer, 0.03 mass percent of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate serving as a cross-linking agent and 0.55 mass percent of potassium persulfate serving as an initiator, adding 7 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealed bag filled with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping residual urea on the sponge by using the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is urea.
Example 15
a. Adding a crosslinking agent glutaraldehyde into polyvinyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:70, and uniformly stirring to obtain polyvinyl alcohol containing the crosslinking agent;
b. b, mixing 35 mass percent of N-isopropylacrylamide serving as a monomer, 0.05 mass percent of N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide serving as a cross-linking agent and 0.6 mass percent of potassium persulfate serving as an initiator, adding 6.8 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, placing the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor at the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealing bag filled with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping the residual Taian explosive powder on the collected plastic by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is the Taian explosive.
Example 16
a. Adding glutaraldehyde serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:78, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing a monomer of N-isopropylacrylamide with the mass fraction of 28%, a cross-linking agent of N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide with the mass fraction of 0.05% and an initiator of potassium persulfate with the mass fraction of 0.6%, adding polyvinyl alcohol with the mass fraction of 6.8% and containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing;
and opening the sealing bag filled with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping the residual dinitrotoluene powder on the collecting copper plate by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is the dinitrotoluene powder.
Example 17
a. Adding borax serving as a cross-linking agent into polyvinyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 1:86, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing 19 mass percent of acrylic acid serving as a monomer, 0.04 mass percent of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate serving as a cross-linking agent and 0.6 mass percent of potassium persulfate serving as an initiator, adding 6 mass percent of polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant-temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. and d, taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking, changing water for 3 times to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing.
And opening the sealing bag filled with the double-network hydrogel sampling substrate, wiping the residual p-nitrotoluene powder on the collecting leather bag by using the double-network hydrogel substrate, and dripping a colorimetric reagent, wherein the result proves that the powder is p-nitrotoluene powder.
Claims (2)
1. The double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles is characterized by being prepared from polyacrylic acid/polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate/polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene/polyvinyl alcohol or poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)/polyvinyl alcohol;
the cross-linking agent added into the polyvinyl alcohol is borax, glutaraldehyde, glutaric anhydride or maleic anhydride, and the mass ratio of the cross-linking agent to the polyvinyl alcohol is 1:40-1: 100;
the polyacrylic acid, the sodium polyacrylate, the polyacrylamide, the polyvinylpyrrolidone, the polystyrene or the poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) are polymerized by a monomer, an initiator, a cross-linking agent and a solvent deionized water;
wherein the monomer is 5-50% of acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, acrylamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, styrene or N-isopropyl acrylamide by mass fraction; the cross-linking agent is N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, divinyl benzene or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate with the mass fraction of 0.02-0.06%; the initiator is potassium persulfate with the mass fraction of 0.2-0.8%, and the specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:
a. adding a cross-linking agent of borax, glutaraldehyde, glutaric anhydride or maleic anhydride into polyvinyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:40-1:100, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing 5-50% of acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, acrylamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, styrene or N-isopropyl acrylamide, 0.02-0.06% of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, divinylbenzene or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate serving as a cross-linking agent and 0.2-0.8% of potassium persulfate serving as an initiator, adding 4.3-7% of the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. and d, taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, putting into deionized water, soaking for 20 minutes, changing water, repeatedly soaking for 3 times, changing water to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing.
2. A preparation method of a double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. adding a cross-linking agent of borax, glutaraldehyde, glutaric anhydride or maleic anhydride into polyvinyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 1:40-1:100, and uniformly stirring to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent;
b. mixing 5-50% of acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, acrylamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, styrene or N-isopropyl acrylamide, 0.02-0.06% of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, divinylbenzene or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate serving as a cross-linking agent and 0.2-0.8% of potassium persulfate serving as an initiator, adding 4.3-7% of the polyvinyl alcohol containing the cross-linking agent obtained in the step a, mixing to obtain a mixed solution, injecting the mixed solution into a hydrogel template with the thickness of 2mm, putting the hydrogel template into a constant temperature reactor with the temperature of 75 ℃, and polymerizing for 1 hour to obtain the double-network hydrogel;
c. and c, taking out the double-network hydrogel obtained in the step b from the constant temperature reactor, cooling to room temperature, soaking in deionized water for 20 minutes, changing water, repeating the soaking for 3 times, changing water to remove unreacted raw materials, cutting into pieces with the size of 3cm multiplied by 2cm, airing water on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain the double-network hydrogel for collecting explosive particles, and sealing and storing.
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