CN110787534B - Preparation method of high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal - Google Patents

Preparation method of high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal Download PDF

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CN110787534B
CN110787534B CN201911095583.XA CN201911095583A CN110787534B CN 110787534 B CN110787534 B CN 110787534B CN 201911095583 A CN201911095583 A CN 201911095583A CN 110787534 B CN110787534 B CN 110787534B
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fiber felt
felt
temperature
superfine
blank
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CN110787534A (en
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康彦
侯力强
张小庆
卢文静
王磊
李明
路晓锋
李凯凯
彭海军
阳清
郭亮
呼伟
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Xi'an Ferro Metal Filter Material Co ltd
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Xi'an Ferro Metal Filter Material Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D39/00Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2027Metallic material
    • B01D39/2041Metallic material the material being filamentary or fibrous
    • B01D39/2044Metallic material the material being filamentary or fibrous sintered or bonded by inorganic agents

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal, which comprises the following steps of firstly, paving coarse fibers into a coarse fiber felt blank by using felt paving equipment; carrying out vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment on the coarse fiber felt blank by adopting a high-temperature vacuum furnace, and cooling to obtain a coarse fiber sintered felt; paving the superfine fibers into superfine fiber felt blanks by adopting felt paving equipment, and then flattening the superfine fiber felt blanks by a flattening machine to obtain flattened superfine fiber felt blanks; and (3) overlapping the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt, covering a non-metal high-temperature-resistant material on the surface of the flat superfine fiber felt blank, then sending the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt into a high-temperature vacuum furnace for vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment, cooling, taking out, and flattening to obtain the high-precision metal fiber felt. The metal fiber felt prepared by the invention has good mechanical property, folding resistance and binding force of a felt layer.

Description

Preparation method of high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-woven fabrics, in particular to a preparation method of a high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal.
Background
The unique high temperature resistance of the metal fiber felt is applied to the purification of high-temperature dust-containing gas, and the rest heat can be recovered, so that the energy is saved, and meanwhile, no secondary pollution is caused. Therefore, the method is widely applied to the high-temperature fields of coal-fired boiler flue gas dust removal, precious metal recovery, dust removal in the metallurgical industry and the like.
The filter material for high-temperature gas dust removal adopts superfine fibers as the windward side of a metal fiber felt filter material, combines fibers with thicker wire diameters as a supporting layer, and can form a structure with gradient pore diameters from small to large in the thickness direction of the filter material; the fine fiber layer can block most of dust on the surface of the filter material, so that the surface filtering effect is achieved, and meanwhile, the dust is effectively prevented from entering the interior of the fiber felt, so that the running resistance is reduced; the filter material structure has good metal pulse back-blowing ash removal effect, and can realize low-resistance and high-efficiency filtering effect.
The metal fiber felt prepared by the traditional sintering process is easy to generate grain coarsening and bamboo joint-shaped appearance, so that the mechanical property and the folding resistance of the fiber are obviously reduced; because the sintering temperature and the heat preservation time of the welding points generated by the superfine fibers and the coarse fibers are different, the welding points with certain sizes are difficult to form among the fibers, and the bonding force of the felt layer is poor. Therefore, it is necessary to research a preparation method of a high-precision metal fiber felt.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal, which has the characteristics of simple process, and good mechanical property, folding resistance and binding force of a felt layer of the prepared metal fiber felt.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a preparation method of a high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, paving coarse fibers into a coarse fiber felt blank by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the coarse fiber felt blank on a light inspection table, and taking out the uniform coarse fiber felt blank for later use;
step 2, carrying out vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment on the coarse fiber felt blank by adopting a high-temperature vacuum furnace, and cooling to obtain a coarse fiber sintered felt for later use;
3, paving the superfine fibers into superfine fiber felt blanks by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the superfine fiber felt blanks on a light inspection table, screening out uniform superfine fiber felt blanks, and then flattening the superfine fiber felt blanks by a flattening machine to obtain flattened superfine fiber felt blanks;
step 4, overlapping the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt, covering a non-metal high-temperature-resistant material on the surface of the flat superfine fiber felt blank, then sending the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt into a high-temperature vacuum furnace for vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment, and taking out the flat superfine fiber felt blank after cooling to obtain a metal fiber felt;
and 5, leveling the metal fiber felt by using a leveling machine to obtain the high-precision metal fiber felt.
The invention is also characterized in that:
in step 1, the diameter of the coarse fiber is 20-50 μm, and the single weight is 500g/m2~2000g/m2
In the step 2, the temperature of the vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment is 1100-1300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120-180 min, and the vacuum degree is not more than 8.0 × 10-2Pa, the gas quenching temperature is 700-800 ℃, and argon is filled in the high-temperature vacuum furnace.
In step 3, the diameter of the superfine fiber is 2-10 μm, and the single weight is 300g/m2~1000g/m2(ii) a The thickness of the flat superfine fiber felt blank is 3-6 mm.
In the step 4, the temperature of the vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment is 850-1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-40 min, and the vacuum degree is not more than 3.0 × 10-2Pa, and the gas quenching temperature is 850-900 ℃.
In step 4, the non-metal high temperature resistant material is a silicon-aluminum ceramic plate or a metal net coated with a ceramic film on the surface.
In the step 5, the filtering precision of the high-precision metal fiber felt is 6-12 μm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the preparation method of the high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal, firstly, the crude fiber felt blank is independently sintered at a higher sintering temperature and for a longer heat preservation time, so that the overall strength of the crude fiber felt blank is ensured, and a good supporting effect is achieved in the filtering process; the method comprises the following steps of flattening blanks of superfine fibers, aiming at increasing the area and the number of lap joints among the superfine fibers and preparing for subsequent low-temperature sintering;
the invention relates to a preparation method of a high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal, which is characterized in that a flattened superfine fiber felt blank and a rough fiber sintered felt are overlapped and then sintered for the second time, wherein the sintering temperature and the heat preservation time are set according to a sintering process suitable for superfine fibers, so that welding nodes are formed among the sintered superfine fibers, and a superfine fiber layer and a rough fiber layer; because the secondary sintering temperature is lower, the heat preservation time is shorter, and the gas quenching temperature is high, the coarsening of crystal grains in the superfine fiber is avoided, and the mechanical property of the superfine fiber is improved; the fiber felt after high-temperature sintering has reliable overall fastness, and the superfine fibers have smaller grain size, can be folded and are not easy to break, so the metal fiber felt prepared by the invention has good mechanical property and folding resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the ultra fine fibers in the sintered metal fiber mat of example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an SEM image of the ultra fine fibers in the sintered metal fiber mat of comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, paving coarse fibers into a coarse fiber felt blank by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the coarse fiber felt blank on a light inspection table, and taking out the uniform coarse fiber felt blank for later use;
wherein the diameter of the coarse fiber is 20-50 μm, and the single weight is 500g/m2~2000g/m2
Step 2, carrying out vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment on the coarse fiber felt blank by adopting a high-temperature vacuum furnace, and cooling to obtain a coarse fiber sintered felt for later use;
wherein the temperature of the vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment is 1100-1300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120-180 min, and the vacuum degree is not more than 8.0 × 10-2Pa, the gas quenching temperature is 700-800 ℃, and argon is filled in the high-temperature vacuum furnace.
3, paving the superfine fibers into superfine fiber felt blanks by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the superfine fiber felt blanks on a light inspection table, screening out uniform superfine fiber felt blanks, and then flattening the superfine fiber felt blanks by a flattening machine to obtain flattened superfine fiber felt blanks; the flattening treatment aims at increasing the contact area and the number of the lapping points of the superfine fibers, so that the heat preservation time is reduced;
wherein the diameter of the superfine fiber is 2-10 μm, and the single weight is 300g/m2~1000g/m2(ii) a The thickness of the flat superfine fiber felt blank is 3-6 mm.
Step 4, overlapping the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt, covering a non-metal high-temperature-resistant material on the surface of the flat superfine fiber felt blank, then sending the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt into a high-temperature vacuum furnace for vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment, and taking out the flat superfine fiber felt blank after cooling to obtain a metal fiber felt; the high-temperature gas quenching aims at avoiding the precipitation of carbide; the purpose of adding the non-metal high-temperature resistant material is to increase the number of lap joints among fibers;
wherein the temperature of the vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment is 850-1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-40 min, and the vacuum degree is not more than 3.0 × 10-2Pa, and the gas quenching temperature is 850-900 ℃.
A non-metal high temperature resistant material silicon aluminum ceramic plate or a metal net coated with a ceramic film on the surface; the metal net comprises an iron-chromium-aluminum metal net with the surface sprayed with zirconia or a stainless steel metal net with the surface sprayed with alumina.
Step 5, carrying out leveling treatment on the metal fiber felt by using a leveling machine to obtain a high-precision metal fiber felt; wherein the filtering precision of the high-precision metal fiber felt is 6-12 mu m.
Example 1
The preparation method of the high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, paving coarse fibers into a coarse fiber felt blank by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the coarse fiber felt blank on a light inspection table, and taking out the uniform coarse fiber felt blank for later use;
wherein the coarse fiber has a diameter of 22 μm and a basis weight of 600g/m2
Step 2, carrying out vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment on the coarse fiber felt blank by adopting a high-temperature vacuum furnace, and cooling to obtain a coarse fiber sintered felt for later use;
wherein the temperature of the vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment is 1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120min, and the vacuum degree is 7.0 × 10- 2Pa, the gas quenching temperature is 750 ℃, and the high-temperature vacuum furnace is filled with argon.
3, paving the superfine fibers into superfine fiber felt blanks by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the superfine fiber felt blanks on a light inspection table, screening out uniform superfine fiber felt blanks, and then flattening the superfine fiber felt blanks by a flattening machine to obtain flattened superfine fiber felt blanks;
wherein the superfine fiber has a filament diameter of 6 μm and a single weight of 1000g/m2(ii) a The thickness of the flat superfine fiber felt blank is 4 mm.
Step 4, overlapping the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt, covering a non-metal high-temperature-resistant material on the surface of the flat superfine fiber felt blank, then sending the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt into a high-temperature vacuum furnace for vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment, and taking out the flat superfine fiber felt blank after cooling to obtain a metal fiber felt;
wherein the temperature of the vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment is 950 ℃, the heat preservation time is 25min, and the vacuum degree is 3.0 × 10- 2Pa, and the gas quenching temperature is 850 ℃.
The non-metal high-temperature resistant material is a stainless steel metal net with the surface sprayed with aluminum oxide.
Step 5, carrying out leveling treatment on the metal fiber felt by using a leveling machine to obtain a high-precision metal fiber felt; wherein the filtering precision of the flattened high-precision metal fiber felt is 10 mu m.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, paving coarse fibers into a coarse fiber felt blank by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the coarse fiber felt blank on a light inspection table, and taking out the uniform coarse fiber felt blank for later use;
wherein the coarse fiber has a diameter of 30 μm and a basis weight of 1200g/m2
Step 2, carrying out vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment on the coarse fiber felt blank by adopting a high-temperature vacuum furnace, and cooling to obtain a coarse fiber sintered felt for later use;
wherein the temperature of the vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment is 1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 150min, and the vacuum degree is 7.0 × 10- 2Pa, the gas quenching temperature is 800 ℃, and the high-temperature vacuum furnace is filled with argon.
3, paving the superfine fibers into superfine fiber felt blanks by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the superfine fiber felt blanks on a light inspection table, screening out uniform superfine fiber felt blanks, and then flattening the superfine fiber felt blanks by a flattening machine to obtain flattened superfine fiber felt blanks;
wherein the superfine fiber has a diameter of 2 μm and a single weight of 300g/m2(ii) a The thickness of the flat superfine fiber felt blank is 3 mm.
Step 4, overlapping the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt, covering a non-metal high-temperature-resistant material on the surface of the flat superfine fiber felt blank, then sending the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt into a high-temperature vacuum furnace for vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment, and taking out the flat superfine fiber felt blank after cooling to obtain a metal fiber felt;
wherein the temperature of the vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment is 850 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min, and the vacuum degree is 3.0 × 10- 2Pa, and the gas quenching temperature is 900 ℃.
The non-metallic high-temperature resistant material is an iron-chromium-aluminum metal net with the surface sprayed with zirconium oxide.
Step 5, carrying out leveling treatment on the metal fiber felt by using a leveling machine to obtain a high-precision metal fiber felt; wherein the filtering precision of the flattened high-precision metal fiber felt is 6 mu m.
Example 3
The preparation method of the high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, paving coarse fibers into a coarse fiber felt blank by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the coarse fiber felt blank on a light inspection table, and taking out the uniform coarse fiber felt blank for later use;
wherein the coarse fiber has a diameter of 35 μm and a basis weight of 1500g/m2
Step 2, carrying out vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment on the coarse fiber felt blank by adopting a high-temperature vacuum furnace, and cooling to obtain a coarse fiber sintered felt for later use;
wherein the temperature of the vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment is 1300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 180min, and the vacuum degree is 7.0 × 10- 2Pa, the gas quenching temperature is 700 ℃, and the high-temperature vacuum furnace is filled with argon.
3, paving the superfine fibers into superfine fiber felt blanks by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the superfine fiber felt blanks on a light inspection table, screening out uniform superfine fiber felt blanks, and then flattening the superfine fiber felt blanks by a flattening machine to obtain flattened superfine fiber felt blanks;
wherein the superfine fiber has a diameter of 10 μm and a single weight of 500g/m2(ii) a The thickness of the flat superfine fiber felt blank is 4 mm.
Step 4, overlapping the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt, covering a non-metal high-temperature-resistant material on the surface of the flat superfine fiber felt blank, then sending the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt into a high-temperature vacuum furnace for vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment, and taking out the flat superfine fiber felt blank after cooling to obtain a metal fiber felt;
wherein the temperature of the vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment is 1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 40min, and the vacuum degree is 3.0 × 10- 2Pa, and the gas quenching temperature is 900 ℃.
The non-metal high-temperature resistant material is a silicon-aluminum ceramic plate.
Step 5, carrying out leveling treatment on the metal fiber felt by using a leveling machine to obtain a high-precision metal fiber felt; wherein the filtering precision of the flattened high-precision metal fiber felt is 12 mu m.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, paving coarse fibers into a coarse fiber felt blank by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the coarse fiber felt blank on a light inspection table, and taking out the uniform coarse fiber felt blank for later use;
wherein the coarse fiber has a diameter of 22 μm and a basis weight of 600g/m2
Step 2, paving the superfine fibers into superfine fiber felt blanks by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the superfine fiber felt blanks on a light inspection table, and screening out uniform superfine fiber felt blanks;
wherein the superfine fiber has a filament diameter of 6 μm and a single weight of 1000g/m2
Step 3, overlapping the superfine fiber felt blank and the crude fiber felt blank, covering a layer of ceramic thin plate on the surface of the superfine fiber felt blank and the crude fiber felt blank, then sending the ceramic thin plate into a high-temperature vacuum furnace for vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment, and taking out the ceramic thin plate after cooling to obtain a metal fiber felt;
wherein the temperature of the vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment is 1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120min, and the vacuum degree is 7.0 × 10- 2Pa, the gas quenching temperature is 750 ℃, and the high-temperature vacuum furnace is filled with argon.
Step 4, carrying out leveling treatment on the metal fiber felt by using a leveling machine to obtain a high-precision metal fiber felt; wherein the filtering precision of the high-precision metal fiber felt after flattening is 10 mu m.
And (3) experimental verification:
the scanning electron microscope of the high-precision metal fiber mat prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the surface of the ultrafine fibers is smooth and no bamboo joints are generated.
The scanning electron microscope image of the high-precision metal fiber felt prepared in the comparative example 1 is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from the image that the surface of the superfine fiber generates obvious bamboo joints, which belongs to the typical grain coarsening characteristic, so that the tensile property, the folding resistance and the like of the fiber are obviously reduced.
Tensile properties were measured on the metal fiber mats prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1, respectively, and the test results are shown in table 1, wherein the metal fiber mats prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 each had a length of 10cm, a width of 2cm, and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
Tensile Properties of the Metal fiber mats prepared in Table 1, example 1 and comparative example 1
Figure BDA0002268236480000091
From table 1, it can be seen that: the breaking strength and the elongation of the high-precision metal fiber felt prepared by the method are higher than those of fiber felts prepared by the traditional process; according to the preparation method of the high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal, the crude fiber felt blank is independently sintered at a higher sintering temperature and for a longer heat preservation time, so that the overall strength of the crude fiber felt blank is ensured, and a good supporting effect is achieved in filtering; the blank of the superfine fibers is flattened, so that the area and the number of lap joints among the superfine fibers are increased; the flattened superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt are overlapped and then sintered for the second time, the sintering temperature and the heat preservation time are set according to the sintering process suitable for the superfine fibers, and therefore welding nodes are formed among the sintered superfine fibers, the superfine fiber layer and the coarse fiber layer; because the secondary sintering temperature is lower, the heat preservation time is shorter, and the gas quenching temperature is high, the coarsening of crystal grains in the superfine fiber is avoided, and the mechanical property of the superfine fiber is improved; the fiber felt after high-temperature sintering has reliable integral fastness, and the superfine fiber has smaller grain size, can be folded and is not easy to break. Therefore, the welding spots between the superfine fiber layers and the coarse fiber layers and between the superfine fibers in the preparation method have good bonding force, and the fibers do not have abnormal growth of crystal grains, thereby ensuring that the mechanical property and the folding resistance of the metal fiber felt are obviously improved.

Claims (5)

1. The preparation method of the high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, paving coarse fibers into a coarse fiber felt blank by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the coarse fiber felt blank on a light inspection table, and taking out the uniform coarse fiber felt blank for later use;
step 2, carrying out vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment on the coarse fiber felt blank by adopting a high-temperature vacuum furnace, and cooling to obtain a coarse fiber sintered felt for later use;
the temperature of the vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment is 1100-1300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120-180 min, and the vacuum degree is not more than 8.0 × 10-2Pa, the gas quenching temperature is 700-800 ℃, and the high-temperature vacuum furnace is filled with argon;
3, paving the superfine fibers into superfine fiber felt blanks by adopting felt paving equipment, then checking the uniformity of the superfine fiber felt blanks on a light inspection table, screening out uniform superfine fiber felt blanks, and then flattening the superfine fiber felt blanks by a flattening machine to obtain flattened superfine fiber felt blanks;
step 4, overlapping the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt, covering a non-metal high-temperature-resistant material on the surface of the flat superfine fiber felt blank, then sending the flat superfine fiber felt blank and the coarse fiber sintered felt into a high-temperature vacuum furnace for vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment, and taking out the flat superfine fiber felt blank after cooling to obtain a metal fiber felt;
the temperature of the vacuum high-temperature sintering treatment is 850-1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-40 min, and the vacuum degree is not more than 3.0 × 10-2Pa, the gas quenching temperature is 850-900 ℃;
and 5, leveling the metal fiber felt by using a leveling machine to obtain the high-precision metal fiber felt.
2. The method for preparing a high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the diameter of the coarse fiber is 20 to 50 μm, and the basis weight is 500g/m2~2000g/m2
3. The method for preparing a high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the filament diameter of the superfine fibers is 2 to 10 μm, and the basis weight is 300g/m2~1000g/m2(ii) a The thickness of the flat superfine fiber felt blank is 3-6 mm.
4. The method for preparing a high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the non-metal high-temperature resistant material is a silicon-aluminum ceramic plate or a metal net with a ceramic film coated on the surface.
5. The method for preparing a high-precision metal fiber felt for high-temperature gas dust removal according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the filtration precision of the high-precision metal fiber felt is 6-12 μm.
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