CN110786267A - 一种中蜂蜂箱 - Google Patents
一种中蜂蜂箱 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种中蜂蜂箱，属于蜂养殖技术领域，所述中蜂蜂箱包括底座、箱盖及箱体，箱体内布置子蜜框，箱体一侧面上设置巢门，底座底部设置有支撑组件，箱体的四个侧壁均包括外侧的外壳、中间的保温层和内侧的恒温板，恒温板上填充有相变蓄热材料。壳采用能够防止风化和紫外线老化的工程塑料制成，保温层采用EPP制成。本发明能够实现蜂箱内良好的保温和通风效果，有效减少蜜蜂因温度变化大而产生产蜜量低、疾病频发等问题，提高蜜蜂活性和产蜜效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蜂养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种中蜂蜂箱。
背景技术
养蜂即蜜蜂养殖是人工饲养蜜蜂而取其产品包括蜂蜜、蜂王浆、蜂胶、花粉、蜂蜡、蜂蛹及蜂毒等产品的事业，包括在广义的畜产内，所以广义地说蜜蜂也是家畜。养蜂作为一项传统的养殖业，在我国已有几千年历史，自上世纪初引进活框养蜂技术以来，现代养蜂开始起步，上世纪后半叶蜂业开始兴起并得到迅速发展。
温度是影响蜜蜂发育的主要因子之一，在蜜蜂生长发育过程中，影响其子的发育历期，蜜蜂初生重、外部形态及腺体发育等。蜂卵的发育温度为30～38℃，其中最适温度为32～35℃，随温度改变，发育历期相应缩短或延长；封盖子发育最适温度，工蜂为32～35℃，雄蜂范围较窄，只有33～35℃，蜂王为30～36℃。
在冬季及早春，外界温度低或多雨，温度过低会使蜜蜂耗费大量能量用于温度蜂箱内调节，极大影响蜜蜂产蜜效率，气温低于15℃时，蜂群保温不当，易发生爬蜂，同时保温不利也会感染囊状幼虫病，寒流能促使蜜蜂螺原体病的发生。
目前，在蜜蜂养殖场，蜂箱大多采用传统木质或其他工业材料制成的蜂箱，保温效果较差，不能使蜂箱内保持合适温度，会造成蜜蜂产蜜效率低下和疾病频发等问题。
发明内容
针对背景技术中存在的问题，本发明提出了一种中蜂蜂箱，能够实现蜂箱内良好的保温和通风效果，有效减少蜜蜂因温度变化大而产生产蜜量低、疾病频发等问题，提高蜜蜂活性和产蜜效率。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：所述中蜂蜂箱包括底座、箱盖及箱体，箱体内布置子蜜框，箱体一侧面上设置巢门，底座底部设置有支撑组件，箱体的四个侧壁均包括外侧的外壳、中间的保温层和内侧的恒温板，恒温板上填充有相变蓄热材料。
作为优选，采用能够防止风化和紫外线老化的工程塑料、金属或者碳纤维制成，保温层采用EPP制成。
作为优选，恒温板为通过吹塑一体成型为内部中空的板件，内侧面光滑，外侧面留有凹陷的连接点，在内部将恒温板两面连接起来，相变蓄热材料填充在恒温板的空腔内。
作为优选，保温层与恒温板之间设置有碳纳米加热膜，碳纳米加热膜发热面与恒温板贴合，蜂箱内还设置温控组件，用于检测蜂箱内温度及控制碳纳米加热膜通断电。
作为优选，箱体与箱盖之间设置有上保温层，箱体与底座之间设置有下保温层。
作为优选，上保温层中部设置有通气口，通气口上设置有隔网，上保温层顶部与箱盖之间留有通气的间隙，箱盖对应间隙的两边分别设置有通风口，底座底面上均匀开设通气孔，底座一侧设有抽拉开口，通过抽拉开口插设有接料盘，接料盘上设置有通气孔相匹配的接料盘通气孔，接料盘表面上设置有抗菌防霉涂料层，接料盘完全推入底座时，通气孔与接料盘通气孔在竖直方向上相互错位。
作为优选，通气口上侧设置有风扇，蜂箱内还设置温控组件，用于根据蜂箱温度控制风扇启停，通风口上设置有半圆弧型的滤网，滤网内同轴安装挡片，挡片两端通过转轴与滤网活动安装连接。
作为优选，支撑组件包括布置于底座四角的连接套，连接套内分别活动插设有支脚，支脚套设有锁紧旋钮，连接套外部上段为螺纹，下段为三爪夹片，锁紧旋钮与连接套螺纹段连接后通过三爪夹片夹紧支脚形成锁定。
作为优选，巢门包括巢门主体和挡片，巢门主体底部设置蜜蜂进出孔，巢门主体顶部开设滑槽，挡片顶部设置滑片，滑片滑动安装在滑槽内，箱体侧壁上设置卡槽，巢门主体两侧卡在卡槽。
作为优选，箱盖顶部通过安装块安装有太阳能电池板，箱盖底部嵌入安装有蓄电池，太阳能电池板产生的电能储存在蓄电池中。
作为优选，箱体与底座之间通过插接的方式连接，箱盖与箱体一侧铰接，另一侧通过卡扣连接，外壳、保温层和内侧的恒温板之间通过卡接的方式连接为一体。
本发明的有益效果：
1）本发明采用了多层复合结构的箱体，在外界气温较低时，能够实现蜂箱内良好的保温效果，提升产蜜效率。
2）本发明通过将碳纳米加热膜与填充相变蓄热材料的恒温板配合使用，能够确保蜂箱内温度恒定在合适温度范围内，满足蜜蜂生产活动需求。
3）本发明通过在箱盖和底座上设置有通风的结构，在夏季炎热时，能够辅助蜂箱进行通风降温，避免蜂箱内温度过高的问题，同时，恒温板能够在一定温度范围内对蜂箱内温度进行调控，在气温不是太高时即能满足蜂箱降温需求。
4）本发明通过在底座四角上设置能够独立调节高度的支脚，便于适应不同养殖地形，确保蜂箱处于水平安装的状态。
5）本发明的整体可拆分，运输和组装方便。
6）本发明设置有太阳能电池板，能够产生储存电能为蜂箱内用电器供电，节省能源。
附图说明
图1 为本发明的立体图；
图2 为图1在另一个方向的示意图；
图3 为图1的在通风口法向的截面图；
图4 为图2在巢门法向的截面图；
图5 为本发明底座、接料盘及支撑组件的配合示意图；
图6为本发明的恒温板立体图；
图7为图6的A-A剖视图；
图8为本发明的恒温板与碳纳米加热膜配合示意图；
图9为本发明的滤网与挡板配合示意图；
图10为本发明的滤网主视图；
图11为本发明的挡板立体图；
图12为本发明的巢门主体示意图；
图13为本发明的挡片示意图；
图中各标号为：底座1、箱盖2、箱体3、太阳能电池板4、安装块5、巢门6、支撑组件7、通风口8、外壳9、保温层10、恒温板11、碳纳米加热膜12、上保温层13、下保温层14、通气口15、隔网16、风扇17、接料盘18、接料盘19、子蜜框20、通气孔21、接料盘通气孔22、连接套23、支脚24、锁紧旋钮25、连接点26、空腔27、滤网28、挡片29、标识区域30、巢门主体31、滑槽32、蜜蜂进出孔33、挡片34、滑片35、卡槽36。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚，下面将结合附图，对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的说明，以方便技术人员理解。
如图1至图13所示，所述中蜂蜂箱包括底座1、箱盖2及箱体3，箱体3内布置子蜜框20，箱体3一侧面上设置巢门6，箱盖2顶部通过安装块5安装有太阳能电池板4，箱盖2底部嵌入安装有蓄电池，太阳能电池板4产生的电能储存在蓄电池中，蓄电池为蜂箱内用电器供电，箱体3的四个侧壁均包括外侧的外壳9、中间的保温层10和内侧的恒温板11，恒温板12上填充有相变蓄热材料，外壳9采用能够防止风化和紫外线老化的工程塑料、金属或者碳纤维制成，保温层11采用EPP（发泡聚丙烯）制成，EPP一种环保新型抗压缓冲隔热材料，无毒且耐温性高，保障蜂箱的保温效果。
箱体3与底座1之间通过插接的方式连接，箱盖2与箱体3一侧铰接，另一侧通过卡扣连接，外壳9、保温层10和内侧的恒温板11之间通过卡接的方式连接为一体。使得蜂箱整体能够拆分，运输和组装方便。
箱体3的外壳9两侧设置有标识区域30，标识区域30上设置有用于搭建积木的结构和蜂箱编号，在标识区域30搭建积木，形成不同的外观图案方便蜜蜂辨认，防止蜜蜂进错其他蜂箱而被咬死的情况。
恒温板11为通过吹塑一体成型为内部中空的板件，内部为空腔27，靠近蜜蜂的内侧面光滑，外侧面留有凹陷的连接点26，在内部将恒温板11两面连接起来，实现加强支撑，吹塑成型后的恒温板11上留有小孔作为相变蓄热材料入口，通过小孔将相变蓄热材料注入空腔27后采用高频焊接封闭。恒温板11内的相变蓄热材料设定的相变温度为35℃，其能够在相变温度正负5℃范围内自行进行温度调控，当温度高于相变温度时，恒温板11可以吸收热量，实现降温，当温度低于相变温度时，恒温板11可以释放热量，从而实现恒温的效果。
而在秋冬季节时，为了保障蜂箱保温效果，保温层10与恒温板11之间设置有碳纳米加热膜12，碳纳米加热膜12发热面与恒温板11贴合，碳纳米加热膜12采用蓄电池供电，碳纳米加热膜12是采用CNT为主要材料制成的发热体，在通电情况下，可以高效的将电能转化为特定波长的红外能量，具备升温速度快、表面温度低的特性，能够辅助恒温板11快速升温但不会因为过热而损坏恒温板11。蜂箱内还设置温控组件，用于检测蜂箱内温度及控制碳纳米加热膜12通断电。当环境温度低于25℃时，温控组件动作控制碳纳米加热膜12通电产生热能，为恒温板11提供热量，通过将恒温板11升温，保证箱内温度能够维持在需求温度，当温度达到要求时，温控组件控制关闭碳纳米加热膜12的电源，实现在气温较低时蜂箱的恒温效果。而在越冬时，在环境温度低于—10℃时启动碳纳米加热膜12加热，而在温度接近0℃时停止加热，使蜂群不会被冻死，也不会过早的从冬眠状态中苏醒。
箱体3与箱盖2之间设置有上保温层13，箱体3与底座3之间设置有下保温层14，能够确保蜂箱上下两端的保温性能，对蜂箱产生辅助保温的作用。
上保温层13中部设置有通气口15，通气口15上设置有隔网16，防止蜜蜂上移。上保温层13顶部与箱盖2之间留有通气的间隙，箱盖2对应间隙的两边分别设置有通风口8，底座3底面上均匀开设通气孔21，底座3一侧设有抽拉开口，通过抽拉开口插设有接料盘19，用于接收蜂箱内蜜蜂活动时产生的废料，接料盘18表面上设置有抗菌防霉涂料层，防止长霉。接料盘19上设置有通气孔21相匹配的接料盘通气孔22，接料盘19完全推入底座3时，通气孔21与接料盘通气孔22在竖直方向上相互错位。在夏季季气温较高时，可通过拉出接料盘19，使接料盘通气孔22与通气孔21对准，形成与外界连通的气道，再配合通气口15和通风口8，辅助蜂箱内与外界环境形成空气对流，便于蜂箱的通风散热。
通气口15内设置有风扇17，风扇17采用蓄电池供电，且通过温控组件根据蜂箱温度控制风扇17启停。在夏季自然的空气对流不能满足蜂箱降温需求而温度高于42℃，温控组件检测到高温信号后，动作控制风扇17开启，进行强制通风，辅助蜂箱快速降温，温度下降至38℃以下后，风扇17停止。通风口8上设置有半圆弧型的滤网28，滤网28内同轴安装挡片29，挡片29两端通过转轴与滤网28活动安装连接，在风扇17开启通风时，挡片29能够被气流推动而旋转开启，将蜂箱内空气排出，而在风扇17开启停止时，挡片29由自重旋转回位，挡住通风口8，配合滤网28能够有效防止外界有害生物和杂物进入。
底座3底部设置有支撑组件7，支撑组件7包括布置于底座3四角的连接套25，连接套23内分别活动插设有支脚24，支脚24套设有锁紧旋钮25，连接套25外部上段为螺纹，下段为三爪夹片，锁紧旋钮25与连接套23螺纹段连接后通过三爪夹片夹紧支脚24形成锁定。蜂箱安装时，根据安装位置地形调整支脚24的高度，同时，在箱盖2上设置万向气泡水平仪配合调整，确保蜂箱保持水平安装状态。
巢门6包括巢门主体31和挡片34，巢门主体31底部设置蜜蜂进出孔33，巢门主体31顶部开设滑槽32，挡片34顶部设置滑片35，滑片35滑动安装在滑槽32内。通过操作滑片35滑动挡片34，能够挡住蜜蜂进出孔33，便于根据蜂群大小调整蜜蜂进出孔33。箱体3侧壁上设置卡槽36，巢门主体31两侧卡在卡槽36，使得巢门主体31能够整体拆卸，更换方便。
最后说明的是，以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述，但本领域技术人员应当理解，可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变，而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种中蜂蜂箱，包括底座（1）、箱盖（2）及箱体（3），箱体（3）内布置子蜜框（20），箱体（3）一侧面上设置巢门（6），其特征在于：底座（1）底部设置有支撑组件（7），箱体（3）的四个侧壁均包括外侧的外壳（9）、中间的保温层（10）和内侧的恒温板（11），恒温板（12）上填充有相变蓄热材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中蜂蜂箱，其特征在于：外壳（9）采用能够防止风化和紫外线老化的工程塑料、金属或者碳纤维制成，保温层（10）采用EPP制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中蜂蜂箱，其特征在于：恒温板（11）为通过吹塑一体成型为内部中空的板件，内侧面光滑，外侧面留有凹陷的连接点（26），在内部将恒温板（11）两面连接起来，相变蓄热材料填充在恒温板（11）的空腔（27）内。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的中蜂蜂箱，其特征在于：保温层（10）与恒温板（11）之间设置有碳纳米加热膜（12），碳纳米加热膜（12）发热面与恒温板（11）贴合，蜂箱内还设置温控组件，用于检测蜂箱内温度及控制碳纳米加热膜（12）通断电。
5.根据权利要求1所述的中蜂蜂箱，其特征在于：箱体（3）与箱盖（2）之间设置有上保温层（13），箱体（3）与底座（3）之间设置有下保温层（14）。
6.根据权利要求5所述的中蜂蜂箱，其特征在于：上保温层（13）中部设置有通气口（15），通气口（15）上设置有隔网（16），上保温层（13）顶部与箱盖（2）之间留有通气的间隙，箱盖（2）对应间隙的两边分别设置有通风口（8），底座（3）底面上均匀开设通气孔（21），底座（3）一侧设有抽拉开口，通过抽拉开口插设有接料盘（19），接料盘（19）上设置有通气孔（21）相匹配的接料盘通气孔（22），接料盘（18）表面上设置有抗菌防霉涂料层，接料盘（19）完全推入底座（3）时，通气孔（21）与接料盘通气孔（22）在竖直方向上相互错位。
7.根据权利要求6所述的中蜂蜂箱，其特征在于：通气口（15）上侧设置有风扇（17），蜂箱内还设置温控组件，用于根据蜂箱温度控制风扇（15）启停，通风口（8）上设置有半圆弧型的滤网（28），滤网（28）内同轴安装挡片（29），挡片（29）两端通过转轴与滤网（28）活动安装连接。
8.根据权利要求1所述的中蜂蜂箱，其特征在于：支撑组件（7）包括布置于底座（3）四角的连接套（25），连接套（23）内分别活动插设有支脚（24），支脚（24）套设有锁紧旋钮（25），连接套（25）外部上段为螺纹，下段为三爪夹片，锁紧旋钮（25）与连接套（23）螺纹段连接后通过三爪夹片夹紧支脚（24）形成锁定。
9.根据权利要求1所述的中蜂蜂箱，其特征在于：巢门（6）包括巢门主体（31）和挡片（34），巢门主体（31）底部设置蜜蜂进出孔（33），巢门主体（31）顶部开设滑槽（32），挡片（34）顶部设置滑片（35），滑片（35）滑动安装在滑槽（32）内，箱体（3）侧壁上设置卡槽（36），巢门主体（31）两侧卡在卡槽（36）。
10.根据权利要求1所述的中蜂蜂箱，其特征在于：箱盖（2）顶部通过安装块（5）安装有太阳能电池板（4），箱盖（2）底部嵌入安装有蓄电池，太阳能电池板（4）产生的电能储存在蓄电池中。
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