CN110784250A - Non-reliable relay transmission network safety transmission method based on non-blocking fault-tolerant decoding and forwarding - Google Patents
Non-reliable relay transmission network safety transmission method based on non-blocking fault-tolerant decoding and forwarding Download PDFInfo
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
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Abstract
The invention discloses a safe transmission method of an untrusted relay transmission network based on non-blocking fault-tolerant decoding and forwarding, which comprises the following steps: s1, obtaining initial information U of source node S through first time slot of untrusted relay transmission network
s(ii) a Meanwhile, decoding information U of the relay node R is obtained through a second time slot of the untrusted relay transmission network
r(ii) a S2, according to the initial information U of the source node S
sAnd decoding information U of relay node R
rConstructing an equivalent model for a fault-tolerant decoding and forwarding mode; s3, calculating the equivalent model through the link relation from the source node S to the relay node R to generate an allowable rate area C; s4, calculating the condition of the allowable rate area, and judging U in the equivalent model
sRate R of
sdAnd U
rAt a rate of R
srWhether it falls within a rate region; s5, calculating the reliable safety probability of the equivalent model, the invention improves the reliabilityReliability and security performance of the signal relay system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a non-blocking fault-tolerant decoding and forwarding-based safe transmission method for an untrusted relay network.
Background
Physical layer security has attracted considerable attention in the last decade, and is intended to protect the transmission of confidential information from an information theory perspective. A recent series of solutions use relays to mitigate the eavesdropping attack, i.e. to improve the communication quality of the legitimate channel or to reduce the communication quality of the eavesdropping channel, including relay selection, co-interference, beam forming, etc. But the relay node may also be a potential eavesdropper, which may also eavesdrop on confidential messages sent from the source node. In some cases, the relay may not intend to eavesdrop on the confidential information, but it does not have access to it, i.e. it has a low degree of trustworthiness. In both cases, the relay should be considered untrusted. In an untrusted relay network, the key issue is how to successfully transmit information from a source node to a destination node via a relay node while keeping the untrusted relay node secret.
In existing solutions for untrusted relay networks, relay nodes are assumed to use either the amplify-and-forward (AF) or the compress-and-forward (CF) protocol, whereas decode-and-forward (DF) relaying is considered unsuitable. The main problem is that when the DF protocol is adopted by the untrusted relay network, if the relay node decodes successfully, the transmitted information can be obtained by the relay node and then threatened; on the other hand, if the relay node fails to decode correctly, it is discarded, which means that the relay node cannot help improve the reliability of the transmission, nor can it achieve diversity gain. To this end, in an untrusted relay network, reliability and security of using the DF protocol are contradictory, but as the most widely adopted protocol, DF has superior performance to AF and CF when the relay node is close to the source node. Therefore, it is a great challenge to develop a reliable and safe solution for the untrusted relay network by using the DF protocol and perform theoretical analysis on the performance of the solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the adaptation problem of the DF protocol in the untrusted relay network and provides a blocking signal for auxiliary transmission. The main goal is to apply the DF protocol to untrusted relay networks so that the network can transmit data with privacy and achieve high reliability and security, even in environments with high signal-to-noise ratios.
In order to overcome the problems and make up for the technical defects, the method for safely transmitting the untrusted relay transmission network based on the fault-tolerant decode-and-forward (DF-IE) is provided, the reliability and the safety performance of an untrusted relay system are improved under the constraint of the safety of a physical layer, and the safety of signals is improved while the reliable transmission of information is ensured.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to implement the method:
1. a safe transmission method of an untrusted relay transmission network based on non-fault-tolerant decoding and forwarding comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining initial information U of source node S through first time slot of untrusted relay transmission network
s(ii) a Meanwhile, decoding information U of the relay node R is obtained through a second time slot of the untrusted relay transmission network
r；
S2, according to the initial information U of the source node S
sAnd decoding information U of relay node R
rConstructing an equivalent model for a blocking fault-tolerant decoding and forwarding mode;
s3, calculating an equivalent model through a link relation between the source node S and the relay node R to the destination node D to generate an allowable rate area C;
s4, calculating the condition of the allowable rate area, and judging U in the equivalent model
sRate R of
sdAnd U
rAt a rate of R
srWhether it falls within a rate region;
and S5, calculating the reliability and safety probability of the equivalent model.
Step S2 adopts a non-blocking fault-tolerant decoding forwarding manner:
2.1, in the first time slot, the source node S first generates an initial information U from the independent and equally distributed binary source
sThen, sending information to the relay node R and the destination node D in a broadcasting mode;
2.2 in the second time slot, the relay node R decodes the message received in the first stageU
sThe estimated value is represented as U
r，
And 2.3, the relay node R recodes and sends the decoded information to the destination node D no matter whether the decoding is successful, and the destination node D combines the signals received by the two time slots after the information reception is finished.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a safe transmission method of an untrusted relay transmission network based on non-blocking fault-tolerant decoding and forwarding, which has the following advantages:
1. the relay node adopts an improved decoding and forwarding protocol, large change is not needed, the operation complexity of the relay node is reduced, and the blank of application of decoding and forwarding in an untrusted relay network is made up.
2. The calculation and simulation show that the reliability-safety probability of the relay network using the DF-IE protocol is superior to that of the traditional network using the AF protocol, and particularly under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, the DF-IE protocol can effectively improve the physical layer safety and reliability of the untrusted relay network.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent model to which the present invention relates;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a non-blocking fault-tolerant decoding based method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the allowed communication regions in the system, when R
rdAnd R
sdWhen the destination node falls in the region c, the destination node can successfully acquire the message;
fig. 5 is a comparison with the AF protocol under the DF-IE protocol at points a and B, where point a represents a case where the relay node is right in between the source node and the destination node, point B represents a case where the source node, the relay node, and the destination node are equidistant, point (labeled MC) in the figure represents a value obtained using monte carlo simulation, and line represents a value obtained using theoretical calculation.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing comparison between the theoretical results of DF-IE and AF and simulation results when a fixed source node and a destination node, and a relay node are moved.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
the fault-tolerant decoding and forwarding (DF-IE) protocol used by the invention is a variant of the DF protocol, can effectively improve the reliability of information transmission, is different from the traditional DF protocol, does not discard the data packet when a DF-IE protocol relay node detects an information decoding error, and re-encodes and forwards the decoded data packet to a target node. In this protocol, the relay node is treated as an auxiliary node to help the destination node decode the message, rather than the transmission node transmitting the message.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for securely transmitting an untrusted relay transmission network based on fault-tolerant decoding and forwarding provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, obtaining initial information U of source node S through first time slot of untrusted relay transmission network
s(ii) a Meanwhile, decoding information U of the relay node R is obtained through a second time slot of the untrusted relay transmission network
r；
S2, according to the initial information U of the source node S
sAnd decoding information U of relay node R
rConstructing an equivalent model for a non-blocking fault-tolerant decoding and forwarding mode;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent model diagram of the system, where the information decoded at the relay node R is deviated from the information sent by the source node S, i.e. U
sAnd U
rNot exactly the same, p is defined as the error probability in R decoding, so U
rCan be expressed as
Wherein
For modulo-two addition, E is generated from an independent identically distributed binary source and has a probability Pr { E ═ 1} ═ 1-Pr { E ═ 0} ═ p, which can be derived from shannon's lossy source channel separation theorem
Wherein H
b＝-xlog
2(x)-(1-x)log
2(1-x)，
Is H
bPhi (gamma) represents the transmission rate at that signal-to-noise ratio, phi
-1Is the inverse function of phi.
Wherein, a non-blocking fault-tolerant decoding forwarding manner is adopted, that is, as shown in fig. 3:
2.1, in the first time slot, the source node S first generates an initial information U from the independent and equally distributed binary source
sThen, sending information to the relay node R and the destination node D in a broadcasting mode;
2.2 in the second time slot, the relay node R decodes the message received in the first stage to obtain U
sThe estimated value is represented as U
r，
And 2.3, the relay node R recodes and sends the decoded information to the destination node D no matter whether the decoding is successful, and the destination node D performs combination processing on the signals of the two time slots after the information reception is completed.
In the invention, the relay node R tries to steal the message when receiving the message transmitted by the source node S, once the message can be successfully decoded, the message can be successfully stolen, but because the relay node R encodes the decoded information and transmits the encoded information to the destination node S to increase the probability of successful decoding of the destination node D no matter whether the decoding is successful, a secret transmission strategy can be formulated, namely: the relay node R is always in the state of being incapable of successfully decoding, so that the probability of successful transmission of the destination node D can be increased, and the information can be kept secret.
The relay node R performs fault-tolerant decoding forwarding on the received message, and the messages received by the relay node R and the destination node S through the channels i-j in the first stage and the second stage satisfy the following formula:
where i, j is e { s, r, d }, x
iRepresenting signals from i-node, y
ijRepresenting information received via the i-j channel, E
iRepresenting the transmission power of the i-node, G
ijRepresenting the geographic gain, h, of the channels i-j
ijRepresenting the fading coefficient, n, of the channel i-j
jThe mean value received at node j is 0 and the variance is N
0Additive complex gaussian noise.
Geographical gain G of SD channel
sdThe geographic gain, which is homogenized to 1, SR and RD channels, may use G
ij＝(d
ij/d
sd)
lCalculating, wherein l is a path fading parameter; the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio can therefore be expressed as gamma
ij＝E
iG
ij|h
ij|
2/N
0It obeys a parameter of gamma
ij＝E
iG
ij/N
0Is used as the index distribution of (1).
Definition D obtained by decoding R transmitted information
U
rAnd
the error probability in between is q,
can be expressed as
E ' is generated from an independent identically distributed binary source and has a probability Pr { E ' ═ 1} ═ 1-Pr { E ' ═ 0} ═ q, q can be expressed as q
γ
rdRepresenting the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio of the R-D channel.
S3, calculating the equivalent model through the link relation from the source node S to the relay node R to generate an allowable rate area C;
as shown in FIG. 4, the relation between R-D and S-D links is proposed to derive the allowed rate region
Definition of U
sAt a rate of R
sd，U
rAt a rate of R
srAccording to the side channel theory, D can successfully decode U
sIf and only if R
sdAnd R
sdSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein
Is shown to give
Time U
sThe conditional entropy of (a) is,
represents U
rAnd
the mutual information between them. S4, calculating the condition of the allowable rate area, and judging U in the equivalent model
sRate R of
sdAnd U
rAt a rate of R
srWhether it falls within a rate region;
FIG. 4 shows the range of allowable communication of the system, if and only if R
sdAnd R
rdSatisfies the following conditions:
namely R
sdAnd R
rdWhen the destination node D falls in the area c, the destination node D may successfully obtain the message.
S5, calculating the reliable safety probability of the equivalent model, namely obtaining the reliable safety probability expression
A Reliable Safety Probability (RSP) is defined, which represents the probability that information can be successfully transmitted and guaranteed not to be stolen by untrusted relay nodes in untrusted relay systems, and according to the above discussion, the reliable safety probability can be expressed as
P＝Pr{Φ(0)≤γ
sr<Φ(1)}-Pr{0<p≤0.5,R
rd≥1,0≤R
sd<H
b(p)}-Pr{0<p≤ 0.5,0≤Rrd<1,0≤Rsd<Hb (1-q) p + q (1-p), where Rrd denotes the rate of the R-D channel.
Fig. 5 shows a comparison of the reliability-safety probability curves of the DF-IE and AF systems, where the source node and the relay node have the same transmit power in the calculation and simulation, and the graph shows the results of point a and point B, where point a represents the scene of the relay node in the middle of the source node and the destination node, and point B represents the scene where the source node, the relay node and the destination node are equidistant to each other. Numerical results are marked with different types of lines and results from monte carlo simulations are marked with different types of points. It can be seen from the figure that the theoretical results are consistent with the simulation results. The reliability-safety probability curves for DF-IE and AF are very close in the high power region, while the performance of DF-IE is better than AF in the low power region, balanced in the safety and reliability of the system when the power is in the middle, resulting in a high reliability-safety probability.
Fig. 6 shows the effect of the location of the relay node on the reliability-safety probability curve, with the total power set to P-0 dB. The source node and the destination node are respectively located at points (0,0) and (1,0) in the two-dimensional coordinate system, and the relay node moves along the line from (0,0.5) to (1, 0.5). As shown in fig. 6, when the relay node leaves the source node, the reliability-safety probabilities of DF-IE and AF increase due to the decrease in the received signal power at the relay node, but the results of DF-IE are always better than those of AF.
It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A safe transmission method of an untrusted relay network based on non-blocking fault-tolerant decoding forwarding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, obtaining initial information U of source node S through first time slot of untrusted relay transmission network
s(ii) a Meanwhile, decoding information U of the relay node R is obtained through a second time slot of the untrusted relay transmission network
r；
S2, according to the initial information U of the source node S
sAnd decoding information U of relay node R
rConstructing an equivalent model for a non-blocking fault-tolerant decoding and forwarding mode;
s3, calculating an equivalent model through a link relation between the source node S and the relay node R to the destination node D to generate an allowable rate area C;
s4, calculating the condition of the allowable rate area, and judging U in the equivalent model
sRate R of
sdAnd U
rAt a rate of R
srWhether it falls within a rate region;
and S5, calculating the reliability and safety probability of the equivalent model.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 adopts a non-blocking fault-tolerant decode-and-forward manner:
2.1, in the first time slot, the source node S first generates an initial information U from the independent and equally distributed binary source
sThen, sending information to the relay node R and the destination node D in a broadcasting mode;
2.2 in the second time slot, the relay node R decodes the message received in the first stage to obtain U
sThe estimated value is represented as U
r，
And 2.3, the relay node R recodes and sends the decoded information to the destination node D no matter whether the decoding is successful, and the destination node D combines the signals received by the two time slots after the information reception is finished.
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| WO2018076013A1 (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2018-04-26 | Yale University | Systems and method for anonymous, low-latencey, tracking-resistant communications in a networked environment |
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| WO2018076013A1 (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2018-04-26 | Yale University | Systems and method for anonymous, low-latencey, tracking-resistant communications in a networked environment |
| CN108024235A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-11 | 上海电机学院 | A kind of method of insincere relaying Adaptive Transmission signal under safety of physical layer constraint |
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| PEN-SHUN LU 等: "Outage Probabilities of Orthogonal Multiple-Access Relaying Techniques With Imperfect Source-Relay Links", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS》 * |
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