CN110778619B - One-way driving mechanism, transmission switching device and base station antenna - Google Patents

One-way driving mechanism, transmission switching device and base station antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110778619B
CN110778619B CN201911051132.6A CN201911051132A CN110778619B CN 110778619 B CN110778619 B CN 110778619B CN 201911051132 A CN201911051132 A CN 201911051132A CN 110778619 B CN110778619 B CN 110778619B
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China
Prior art keywords
shaft
gear
driving
output shaft
connecting shaft
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CN201911051132.6A
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CN110778619A (en
Inventor
吴晗
范雄辉
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CICT Mobile Communication Technology Co Ltd
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CICT Mobile Communication Technology Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/18—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with non-hinged detent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/12—Gearings comprising primarily toothed or friction gearing, links or levers, and cams, or members of at least two of these types
    • F16H37/124—Gearings comprising primarily toothed or friction gearing, links or levers, and cams, or members of at least two of these types for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication, and discloses a one-way driving mechanism, a transmission switching device and a base station antenna, wherein the one-way driving mechanism comprises a driving shaft, a first connecting shaft and a second connecting shaft; the first end of the driving shaft is connected with the first end of the first connecting shaft and the first end of the second connecting shaft at the same time, and is movably connected in the axial direction and fixedly connected in the circumferential direction respectively; the second end of the first connecting shaft is connected with the first end of the first output shaft through a first ratchet structure, the second end of the second connecting shaft is connected with the first end of the second output shaft through a second ratchet structure, and the rotating directions of the first ratchet structure and the second ratchet structure are opposite. According to the one-way driving mechanism, the transmission switching device and the base station antenna, two rotary directions of the motor can be decomposed into single-rotary-direction output on two independent structures through the one-way driving mechanism, the number of the used motors can be reduced, and further the occupied space and the cost are reduced.

Description

One-way driving mechanism, transmission switching device and base station antenna
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication, in particular to a one-way driving mechanism, a transmission switching device and a base station antenna.
Background
As the number of mobile terminals is increasing, the demand for antennas of mobile communication base stations is also increasing, but the resource of mobile base stations is limited, so that it is becoming a demand trend to combine multiple antennas. For a multi-frequency antenna, the current electric adjustment mode is that an antenna of each frequency band respectively adopts a downward inclination angle adjustment device, that is, one multi-frequency antenna needs a plurality of downward inclination angle adjustment devices and is controlled and adjusted by a plurality of motors.
Along with the integration of antenna frequency more and more, its adjusting device quantity is also more and more, and the motor use is in large quantity, leads to the weight and the size increase of antenna, the cost increases and the design pressure also more and more, and has restricted the miniaturized development trend of base station antenna.
Most of existing motor driving structures form one output for one motor, namely, one motor can only control one part, so that in an application environment needing a plurality of driving forces, the number of needed motors is large, and the occupied space and the cost are large.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a one-way driving mechanism, a transmission switching device and a base station antenna, which are used for solving or partially solving the problems that the existing motor driving structure mostly forms one output for one motor, namely, one motor can only control one part, so that the number of the needed motors is large, and the occupied space and the cost are large in an application environment needing a plurality of driving forces.
The embodiment of the invention provides a one-way driving mechanism which comprises a driving shaft, a first connecting shaft and a second connecting shaft, wherein the first connecting shaft is connected with the driving shaft; the first end of the driving shaft is connected with the first end of the first connecting shaft and the first end of the second connecting shaft at the same time, and is movably connected in the axial direction and fixedly connected in the circumferential direction respectively; the second end of the first connecting shaft is connected with the first end of the first output shaft through a first ratchet structure, the second end of the second connecting shaft is connected with the first end of the second output shaft through a second ratchet structure, and the rotating directions of the first ratchet structure and the second ratchet structure are opposite.
On the basis of the scheme, the first end of the driving shaft is of a hollow structure, the first connecting shaft is also of a hollow structure, the first end of the first connecting shaft is sleeved at the first end of the driving shaft and fixedly connected with the first end of the driving shaft in the circumferential direction along the axial movable connection, and the first end of the second connecting shaft penetrates through the first connecting shaft to be inserted into the first end of the driving shaft and fixedly connected with the first end of the driving shaft in the circumferential direction along the axial movable connection.
On the basis of the scheme, a first elastic piece is arranged between the outer side of the driving shaft and the second end of the driving shaft and the first end of the first connecting shaft; and a second elastic piece is arranged between the inner side of the driving shaft and the second end of the driving shaft and the first end of the second connecting shaft.
On the basis of the scheme, the first ratchet structure and the second ratchet structure respectively comprise at least two pairs of matched ratchets, and each ratchet comprises a slope part and a straight surface part which are connected.
The embodiment of the invention provides a transmission switching device, which comprises the one-way driving mechanism, a driving gear, a first connecting gear and a plurality of transmission gears, wherein the driving gear, the first connecting gear and the plurality of transmission gears are arranged in parallel on the central axis; the first output shaft is used for driving the first connecting gear to rotate around the driving gear between the driving gear and the transmission gears so as to be selectively meshed with any one of the transmission gears.
On the basis of the scheme, the gear shifting device further comprises a gear shifting disc; the gear shifting disc is fixedly connected with the second end of the first output shaft, a first fixed shaft is arranged on the side face, facing the driving gear, of the gear shifting disc, and the first connecting gear is rotatably sleeved on the first fixed shaft.
On the basis of the scheme, a second fixing shaft is further arranged on the gear shifting disc, a second connecting gear is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the second fixing shaft, the second connecting gear is meshed with the first connecting gear and has a distance with the driving gear, and the gear shifting disc drives the second connecting gear to rotate selectively and to be meshed with the driving gear.
On the basis of the scheme, the plurality of transmission gears are connected with one ends of the plurality of screw rods in a one-to-one correspondence mode, nuts are sleeved on the screw rods, guide rods are arranged on one sides of the screw rods in parallel, the nuts are movably sleeved on the guide rods, and the nuts are connected with the phase adjusting devices of the phase shifters.
On the basis of the scheme, the device also comprises a first supporting piece, a second supporting piece, a third supporting piece and a fourth supporting piece; the first support supports a second end of the drive shaft; the second end of the first output shaft penetrates through the second support piece, and a damper is arranged between the second end of the first output shaft and the second support piece; the third support piece supports the second end of the second output shaft and one end of the screw rod, and a damper is arranged between the second end of the second output shaft and the third support piece; the fourth supporting member supports the other end of the screw.
The embodiment of the invention provides a base station antenna which comprises the transmission switching device.
According to the one-way driving mechanism, the transmission switching device and the base station antenna, when the driving shaft rotates in the first rotating direction, the one-way driving mechanism can drive the first output shaft to rotate in the first rotating direction, and the second output shaft does not rotate; when the driving shaft rotates in the second rotating direction, the first output shaft does not rotate, and the second output shaft rotates in the second rotating direction; the two types of rotation directions of the motor can be decomposed into single rotation direction output on two independent structures through the one-way driving mechanism, and then one motor can drive two independent parts.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cut-away schematic view of a one-way drive mechanism in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a drive shaft of the unidirectional drive mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first connecting shaft of the unidirectional driving mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first output shaft of the unidirectional drive mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a second connecting shaft of the unidirectional driving mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a second output shaft of the unidirectional drive mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an assembly view of the unidirectional actuator of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the unidirectional drive mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an exploded view of a transmission shifting apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an assembled view of a transmission shifting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cutaway schematic view of a first state of the transmission shifting apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a cut-away schematic view of a second state of the transmission shifting apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
101-a drive shaft; 102 — a first connecting shaft; 103 — a first output shaft;
104-a first resilient member; 105-a second connecting shaft; 106 — a second output shaft;
107-a second elastic member; 108-ratchet; 201-shifting disk;
202-a drive gear; 203 — a first connecting gear; 204 — a second connecting gear;
301 — transmission gear; 302-screw rod; 303-a stop block;
304-a nut; 305-a guide rod; 101a — drive shaft outer wall;
101b — drive shaft inner wall; 102 a-inner wall of first connecting shaft;
102 b-the second end face of the first connecting shaft; 102c — first connecting shaft lumen;
103 a-a first end face of the first output shaft; 103b — the second end of the first output shaft;
105 b-a second end face of the second connection shaft; 105 a-the outer wall of the second connecting shaft;
106 a-a first end face of the second output shaft; 106b — a second end of the second output shaft;
108a — ramp portion; 108 b-straight face; 201 a-a first stationary shaft;
201 b-a second stationary shaft; 401 — a first support; 402 — a second support;
403 — a third support member; 404 — fourth support.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a unidirectional driving mechanism, and referring to fig. 1, the unidirectional driving mechanism includes a driving shaft 101, a first connecting shaft 102, and a second connecting shaft 105; the first end of the driving shaft 101 is connected to the first end of the first connecting shaft 102 and the first end of the second connecting shaft 105, and is movably connected in the axial direction and fixedly connected in the circumferential direction. The second end of the first connecting shaft 102 is connected with the first end of the first output shaft 103 through a first ratchet 108 structure, the second end of the second connecting shaft 105 is connected with the first end of the second output shaft 106 through a second ratchet 108 structure, and the first ratchet 108 structure and the second ratchet 108 structure are opposite in rotation direction.
The second end of the drive shaft 101 may be coupled to an external power input member, such as a motor, to drive rotation of the drive shaft 101. Referring to fig. 1, a first end of a driving shaft 101 is movably connected to a first end of a first connecting shaft 102 in an axial direction of the driving shaft 101, and is fixedly connected to a circumferential direction of the driving shaft 101. The first end of the driving shaft 101 is movably connected with the first end of the second connecting shaft 105 along the axial direction of the driving shaft 101 and fixedly connected along the circumferential direction of the driving shaft 101. That is, the driving shaft 101 rotates to drive the first connecting shaft 102 and the second connecting shaft 105 to rotate integrally, and the first connecting shaft 102 and the second connecting shaft 105 can move along the axial direction of the driving shaft 101 respectively.
The second end of the first connecting shaft 102 is connected to the first end of the first output shaft 103 through a first ratchet structure, that is, the first connecting shaft 102 can drive the first output shaft 103 to rotate only when rotating in a specific direction. The second connecting shaft 105 can drive the second output shaft 106 to rotate only when rotating in a specific direction. And the first output shaft 103 and the second output shaft 106 rotate in opposite directions. And the second output shaft 106 remains stationary while the first output shaft 103 rotates; as the second output shaft 106 rotates, the first output shaft 103 remains stationary.
Therefore, when the driving shaft 101 rotates in the first rotation direction, the one-way driving mechanism can drive the first output shaft 103 to rotate in the first rotation direction, and the second output shaft 106 does not rotate; when the drive shaft 101 rotates in the second rotational direction, the first output shaft 103 does not rotate, and the second output shaft 106 rotates in the second rotational direction. Namely, the unidirectional driving mechanism can decompose two kinds of rotary directions of the motor into single-rotary-direction output on two independent structures. Furthermore, one motor can drive two independent parts, so that the use number of the motors can be reduced in an application environment requiring a plurality of driving forces, and further, the occupied space and the cost are reduced.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the first end of the driving shaft 101 is a hollow structure, the first connecting shaft 102 is also a hollow structure, the first end of the first connecting shaft 102 is sleeved on the first end of the driving shaft 101, and the first end and the second end of the first connecting shaft 102 are movably connected in the axial direction and fixedly connected in the circumferential direction, the first end of the second connecting shaft 105 passes through the first connecting shaft 102 and is inserted into the first end of the driving shaft 101, and the first end of the second connecting shaft 105 is movably connected in the axial direction and fixedly connected in the circumferential direction with the first end of the driving shaft 101.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, a first elastic member 104 is disposed outside the driving shaft 101 and between the second end of the driving shaft 101 and the first end of the first connecting shaft 102; a second elastic member 107 is provided between the inner side of the driving shaft 101, the second end of the driving shaft 101 and the first end of the second connecting shaft 105.
Referring to fig. 2, the first end of the driving shaft 101 is a hollow shaft, and the outer wall of the first end of the driving shaft 101 and the inner wall 101b of the driving shaft are both non-circular, which is square in this embodiment and may be in other non-circular forms; referring to fig. 3, the first end of the first connecting shaft 102 is a non-circular hollow shaft that matches the outer wall 101a of the drive shaft, and the inner wall 102a of the first connecting shaft in this embodiment is also square. The first connecting shaft inner wall 102a is sleeved with the driving shaft outer wall 101a, so that the driving shaft 101 can drive the first connecting shaft 102 to rotate in the first rotation direction or the second rotation direction with the axis center, and the first connecting shaft 102 can also slide on the driving shaft 101 along the axis direction. The second end surface 102b of the first connecting shaft is provided with two or more ratchet teeth 108, and the ratchet teeth 108 have a ratchet inclined surface part 108a and a ratchet straight surface part 108 b.
Referring to fig. 5, the first end of the second connecting shaft 105 is a non-circular shaft matching with the driving shaft inner wall 101b, the second connecting shaft outer wall 105a in this embodiment is also square, the second connecting shaft outer wall 105a is sleeved with the driving shaft inner wall 101b, similarly, the driving shaft 101 can drive the second connecting shaft 105 to rotate along the first rotation direction or the second rotation direction with the axis center, and the second connecting shaft 105 can also slide on the driving shaft 101 along the axis direction. Two or more ratchet teeth 108 are provided on the second end face 105b of the second connecting shaft, and the ratchet teeth 108 have a ratchet inclined surface portion 108a and a ratchet straight surface portion 108 b. The ratchet teeth 108 of the first connecting shaft 102 are opposite to the ratchet teeth 108 of the second connecting shaft 105.
Referring to fig. 4, the first end surface 103a of the first output shaft is provided with ratchet teeth 108 matching with the first connecting shaft 102, the ratchet teeth 108 of the first output shaft 103 are movably abutted with the ratchet teeth 108 of the first connecting shaft 102, the ratchet straight surface portion 108b is opposite to the ratchet straight surface portion 108b, and the first output shaft 103 is fixedly arranged in the axial direction and rotatably arranged in the circumferential direction. Referring to fig. 6, the first end surface 106a of the second output shaft is provided with a ratchet 108 matching the second connecting shaft 105, the ratchet 108 of the second output shaft 106 is movably abutted with the ratchet 108 of the second connecting shaft 105, the ratchet straight surface portion 108b is opposite to the ratchet straight surface portion 108b, and the second output shaft 106 is fixedly arranged in the axial direction and rotatably arranged in the circumferential direction. Referring to fig. 7, the first elastic member 104 is sleeved on the outer wall 101a of the driving shaft, and two ends of the first elastic member respectively abut against the driving shaft 101 and the first connecting shaft 102; referring to fig. 8, the second elastic member 107 is disposed in the hollow of the hollow shaft of the driving shaft 101, and both ends thereof abut against the driving shaft 101 and the second connecting shaft 105, respectively.
The first elastic member 104 and the second elastic member 107 are provided for resetting of the first connecting shaft 102 and the second connecting shaft 105 to smoothly realize the next transmission switching. The first elastic member 104 and the second elastic member 107 may be in a natural elongation state at an initial position before the driving rotation occurs. The first elastic member 104 and the second elastic member 107 may be springs, or may be other members capable of providing elastic restoring force, without limitation.
Further, the connection structures between the first connection shaft 102 and the second connection shaft 105 and the driving shaft 101 may be other structures, for example, the first connection shaft 102 and the second connection shaft 105 may be both sleeved on the driving shaft 101, and at this time, the first connection shaft 102 and the second connection shaft 105 may be disposed at intervals.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the first ratchet structure and the second ratchet structure respectively comprise at least two pairs of matched ratchet teeth 108, and the ratchet teeth 108 comprise a slope part 108a and a straight part 108b which are connected with each other. With the first ratchet tooth structure, any pair of matching ratchet teeth 108 is one ratchet tooth 108 provided on the second end face 102b of the first connecting shaft and one ratchet tooth 108 provided on the first end face 103a of the first output shaft; the inclined surface portion 108a of the ratchet 108 is an inclined surface inclined with respect to the second end surface 102b of the first connecting shaft, and the straight surface portion 108b of the ratchet 108 is a straight surface perpendicular to the second end surface 102b of the first connecting shaft.
With the second ratchet tooth structure, any pair of the matching ratchet teeth 108 is one ratchet tooth 108 provided on the second end face 105b of the second connecting shaft and one ratchet tooth 108 provided on the first end face 106a of the second output shaft; the inclined surface portion 108a of the ratchet 108 is an inclined surface inclined with respect to the second end surface 105b of the second connecting shaft, and the straight surface portion 108b of the ratchet 108 is a straight surface perpendicular to the second end surface 105b of the second connecting shaft.
Specifically, when the driving shaft 101 rotates in the first rotation direction along the axial direction, the first connecting shaft 102 and the second connecting shaft 105 are both driven to rotate in the first rotation direction, the straight surface 108b of the ratchet 108 of the first connecting shaft 102 is engaged with the straight surface 108b of the ratchet 108 of the first output shaft 103, and the first output shaft 103 is driven to rotate in the first rotation direction; meanwhile, since the directions of rotation of the ratchet 108 of the first connecting shaft 102 and the ratchet 108 of the second connecting shaft 105 are opposite, when the second connecting shaft 105 is driven to rotate in the first direction, the inclined surface 108a of the ratchet 108 of the second connecting shaft 105 contacts and slides relative to the inclined surface 108a of the ratchet 108 of the second output shaft 106, pushing the second connecting shaft 105 to retreat while compressing the second elastic element 107, so that the second connecting shaft 105 and the second output shaft 106 slip off, and the second output shaft 106 does not rotate.
When the driving shaft 101 rotates along the second rotation direction in the axial direction, the first connecting shaft 102 and the second connecting shaft 105 are both driven to rotate along the second rotation direction, the inclined surface 108a of the ratchet 108 of the first connecting shaft 102 contacts with the inclined surface 108a of the ratchet 108 of the first output shaft 103 and slides relatively, the first connecting shaft 102 is pushed to retreat while the first elastic member 104 is compressed, so that the first connecting shaft 102 and the first output shaft 103 slip off, and the first output shaft 103 does not rotate. The straight surface 108b of the ratchet 108 of the second connecting shaft 105 is engaged with the straight surface 108b of the ratchet 108 of the second output shaft 106, and drives the second output shaft 106 to rotate along the second rotation direction.
Further, the present embodiment provides a transmission switching device, which includes a one-way driving mechanism, and a drive gear 202, a first connecting gear 203, and a plurality of transmission gears 301, whose central axes are arranged in parallel to each other, with reference to fig. 9 and 10. The one-way driving mechanism is a power input part of the transmission switching device.
The driving gear 202 is fixedly connected with the second end 106b of the second output shaft, the plurality of transmission gears 301 are arranged along the same circumference around the driving gear 202, the first connecting gear 203 is rotatably connected with the second end 103b of the first output shaft around the central axis, the first connecting gear 203 is meshed with the driving gear 202, and the first output shaft 103 is used for driving the first connecting gear 203 to rotate around the driving gear 202 between the driving gear 202 and the transmission gears 301 so as to be selectively meshed with any one of the transmission gears 301.
A plurality of transmission gears 301 are provided at intervals from the drive gear 202 at the outer periphery of the drive gear 202. The first connecting gear 203 is provided between the driving gear 202 and the plurality of transmission gears 301. The first connecting gear 203 rotates around the driving gear 202 under the driving of the first output shaft 103, and during the rotation, the first connecting gear 203 is kept meshed with the driving gear 202 and can be simultaneously meshed with any one of the transmission gears 301 when the first connecting gear 203 rotates to the transmission gear 301.
Because the second output shaft 106 remains stationary, i.e. the driving gear 202 remains stationary, during the rotation of the first output shaft 103. In order to ensure that the first connecting gear 203 can smoothly rotate around the driving gear 202, the first connecting gear 203 is rotatably connected with the first output shaft 103 around the central axis. Further, the first coupling gear 203 rotates around the central axis while rotating around the driving gear 202, and the rotation of the first coupling gear 203 can be smoothly achieved.
The driving shaft 101 can drive the first output shaft 103 to rotate, so as to drive the first connecting gear 203 to rotate to the target transmission gear 301, so that the first connecting gear 203 is meshed with the target transmission gear 301, and further, the driving gear 202, the first connecting gear 203 and the target transmission gear 301 are sequentially connected. The driving shaft 101 can then drive the second output shaft 106 to rotate, which drives the driving gear 202 to rotate, thereby realizing the rotation of the target transmission gear 301. The first connecting gear 203 can be switched between any transmission gear 301 to realize the driving rotation of the plurality of transmission gears 301 so as to realize a plurality of transmissions.
According to the transmission switching device provided by the embodiment, the first connecting gear 203 is arranged to realize the driving switching of the plurality of transmission gears 301, the switching among the plurality of transmission gears 301 and the driving transmission of the target transmission gear 301 are realized through the input of external power, and the occupied space is small; the transmission gear 301 is applied to adjustment of the multi-frequency antenna, each transmission gear 301 can correspond to one phase shifter, one motor can drive and adjust a plurality of phase shifters, the arrangement number of the motors is reduced, and the requirements on miniaturization, cost reduction and layout of the multi-frequency fusion antenna are greatly met; the miniaturization can be realized under the conventional process without the phenomenon of jamming, and the aims of reducing the manufacturing cost of the antenna and miniaturizing the antenna are fulfilled.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the first output shaft 103 is a hollow structure, and the second end 106b of the second output shaft passes through the first output shaft 103 and is fixedly connected with the driving gear 202. That is, the second output shaft 106 may be disposed in the inner space of the first output shaft 103 without connection therebetween. The second end 106b of the second output shaft may be longer than the second end 103b of the first output shaft, so that the second end 106b of the second output shaft passes through the second end 103b of the first output shaft, and the first output shaft 103 and the second output shaft 106 are conveniently connected with other components respectively.
Further, referring to fig. 3 and 8, a second connecting shaft 105 may also be disposed in the first connecting shaft cavity 102 c. And then drive shaft 101, first connecting axle 102, second connecting axle 105, first output shaft 103 and second output shaft 106 can realize coaxial setting, and stable drive just makes the structure compacter, reduces occupation space.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, referring to fig. 9, a transmission switching apparatus further includes a shift dial 201; the gear shifting plate 201 is fixedly connected with the second end 103b of the first output shaft, a first fixing shaft 201a is disposed on a side surface of the gear shifting plate 201 facing the driving gear 202, and the first connecting gear 203 is rotatably sleeved on the first fixing shaft 201 a.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the shift plate 201 is further provided with a second fixed shaft 201b, the outer side of the second fixed shaft 201b is rotatably sleeved with a second connecting gear 204, the second connecting gear 204 is meshed with the first connecting gear 203 and has a gap with the driving gear 202, and the shift plate 201 drives the second connecting gear 204 to rotate to be selectively meshed with any one of the transmission gears 301.
On the basis of the above embodiments, further, the plurality of transmission gears 301 are connected with one end of the plurality of screws 302 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, nuts 304 are sleeved on the screws 302, one side of the screws 302 is provided with the guide rod 305 in parallel, the nuts 304 are movably sleeved on the guide rod 305, and the nuts 304 are connected with the phase shifter phase adjusting device.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, a transmission switching device further includes a first support 401, a second support 402, a third support 403, and a fourth support 404; the first support 401 supports the second end of the drive shaft 101; the second end 103b of the first output shaft passes through the second support 402 and a damper is arranged between the second support 402 and the second end 103b of the first output shaft; the third support 403 supports the second end 106b of the second output shaft and one end of the screw 302, and a damper is arranged between the second end 106b of the second output shaft and the third support 403; the fourth support 404 supports the other end of the screw 302.
The second end 106b of the second output shaft may pass out of the second end 103b of the first output shaft. Second end 103b of the first output shaft may be coupled to shift plate 201 through second support member 402. The second end 106b of the second output shaft may extend through the second end 103b of the first output shaft to connect to the drive gear 202. The drive gear 202 and the shift disk 201 are staggered in the axial direction. The driving gear 202, the first connecting gear 203, the second connecting gear 204 and the transmission gear 301 may be disposed on the same plane, i.e., there is no space in the axial direction; the occupied space in the length direction can be reduced.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, the present embodiment provides a base station antenna, which includes the transmission switching device according to any of the foregoing embodiments.
Further, the present embodiment provides a transmission switching device, which includes a unidirectional driving mechanism, a gear shifting mechanism and one or more transmission mechanisms. The gear shift mechanism comprises a gear shift disc 201, a drive gear 202, a first connecting gear 203 and a second connecting gear 204. The gear shifting plate 201 is fixedly connected with the second end 103b of the first output shaft, the driving gear 202 is fixedly connected with the second end 106b of the second output shaft, and the gear shifting plate 201 and the driving gear 202 are in an axial front-back superposed position relationship and can rotate independently; a first fixed shaft 201a and a second fixed shaft 201b are arranged on the side surface of the gear shifting plate 201 close to the driving gear 202, and the first fixed shaft 201a and the second fixed shaft 201b are arranged on the periphery of the driving gear 202; the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission gear 301, a screw 302, a stop block 303, a nut 304 and a guide rod 305, and the transmission mechanism is circumferentially distributed along the axial direction of the one-way driving mechanism; the transmission gear 301 is fixedly connected with the screw 302 along the circumferential direction, and the nut 304 is screwed on the screw 302 and guided along the axis by the guide rod 305. When the screw 302 is rotated, the nut 304 can be moved linearly in the axial direction.
First connecting gear 203 and second connecting gear 204 are axially fixedly connected to first fixed shaft 201a and second fixed shaft 201b of shift plate 201, respectively, and are rotatable with respect to first fixed shaft 201a and second fixed shaft 201b, respectively. The first connecting gear 203 is always meshed with the driving gear 202, and the second connecting gear 204 is always meshed with the first connecting gear 203; when the gear shifting disk 201 rotates, the first connecting gear 203 and the second connecting gear 204 can be selectively meshed with a transmission gear 301 of the transmission mechanism.
The transmission switching device is supported at the driving shaft 101 by the first supporting member 401, and the driving shaft 101 can freely rotate relative to the first supporting member 401; the second support 402 is supported at the first output shaft 103, and the first output shaft 103 can rotate relative to the second support 402. Preferably, a certain damping is added at the contact of the first output shaft 103 and the second support 402; the first output shaft 103 can provide resistance to reverse movement when slipping off the first connecting shaft 102, so as to ensure that the second output shaft 106 can keep the first output shaft 103 still when in operation, and ensure that the second output shaft 106 does not influence the first output shaft 103 when in independent operation.
The third support 403 is supported by one end of the screw 302 and the second output shaft 106. Preferably, some damping is added where the second output shaft 106 and the third support 403 contact; the resistance of the reverse movement can be provided when the second output shaft 106 slips off the second connecting shaft 105, so that the second output shaft 106 can be kept still when the first output shaft 103 works, and the first output shaft 103 can be ensured not to influence the second output shaft 106 when moving independently; the fourth support 404 is supported at the other end of the screw 302, and the screw 302 can rotate relative to the third support 403 and the fourth support 404.
The working action principle of the transmission switching device is as follows:
referring to fig. 11, the driving shaft 101 is driven by the motor to rotate a certain angle in the first rotation direction, and then sequentially drives the first connecting shaft 102, the first output shaft 103 and the shifting disk 201 to rotate to a set angle in the first rotation direction (at this time, the second output shaft 106 and the driving gear 202 do not rotate), so that the first connecting gear 203 is selectively engaged with the transmission gear 301 of the first target transmission mechanism.
Then the motor drives the driving shaft 101 to rotate towards the second rotation direction, and further drives the second connecting shaft 105, the second output shaft 106 and the driving gear 202 to rotate towards the second rotation direction in sequence (at this time, the first output shaft 103 and the shifting disk 201 do not rotate), the driving gear 202 and the first connecting gear 203 are always meshed, so that the first connecting gear 203 is driven to rotate towards the first rotation direction, the transmission gear 301 and the screw 302 are driven to rotate towards the second rotation direction, the nut 304 is driven to linearly move towards the first direction, the nut 304 is connected with the antenna phase shifter, and the first direction adjustment of the phase of the first target phase shifter can be realized.
Referring to fig. 12, when the phase of the first target phaser needs to be adjusted in the second direction, the motor drives the driving shaft 101 to rotate by another angle in the first rotational direction, and drives the first connecting shaft 102, the first output shaft 103 and the shift disc 201 to rotate by another set angle in the first rotational direction, so that the second connecting gear 204 is engaged with the transmission gear 301 of the first target transmission mechanism.
Then the motor drives the driving shaft 101 to rotate towards the second rotation direction, and further drives the second connecting shaft 105, the second output shaft 106 and the driving gear 202 to rotate towards the second rotation direction in sequence, the driving gear 202 and the first connecting gear 203 are always meshed, and the first connecting gear 203 and the second connecting gear 204 are always meshed, so that the first connecting gear 203 is driven to rotate towards the first rotation direction, the second connecting gear 204 is driven to rotate towards the second rotation direction, the transmission gear 301 and the screw 302 are driven to rotate towards the first rotation direction, and then the nut 304 is driven to linearly move towards the second direction, and therefore second direction adjustment of the phase of the first target phase shifter can be achieved.
Further, after the phase adjustment of the first target phase shifter is completed, the motor drives the driving shaft 101 to rotate a certain angle again towards the first rotation direction, and drives the first connecting shaft 102, the first output shaft 103 and the shifting disk 201 to rotate towards the first rotation direction to a set angle, so that the first connecting gear 203 is selectively meshed with the transmission gear 301 of the second target transmission mechanism. The adjustment of the phase of the second target phase shifter in two linear directions can be realized by repeating the adjustment of the phase of the first target phase shifter.
The first connecting gear 203 and the second connecting gear 204 are arranged for changing the driving direction of the transmission gear 301, and the phase of the phase shifter can be adjusted in two linear directions by selecting the meshing of the first connecting gear 203 and the transmission gear 301 or the meshing of the second connecting gear 204 and the transmission gear 301.
Through the gear shifting switching and adjusting actions, the phase positions of a plurality of phase shifters on the antenna can be adjusted by one transmission switching device, and then the phase shifters are adjusted by one motor drive, so that the occupied space is small, and the requirements on miniaturization, cost reduction and layout of the multi-frequency fusion antenna are greatly met; the miniaturization can be realized under the conventional process without the phenomenon of jamming, and the aims of reducing the manufacturing cost of the antenna and miniaturizing the antenna are fulfilled. The transmission switching device can realize the adjustment of the electrical downtilt angle of the multi-frequency antenna by only using one motor, thereby achieving the purpose of antenna miniaturization and reducing the material and manufacturing cost.
According to the unidirectional driving mechanism and the transmission switching device provided by the embodiment, the transmission mechanisms are arranged on the periphery of the driving gear 202 and are distributed in a circumferential manner, so that the space required in the width direction and the height direction can be reduced, the first connecting gear 203 or the second connecting gear 204 can be selectively meshed with the transmission gear 301, the transmission gear 301 can be selectively driven to rotate through one driving gear 202, the work of a target output part is further realized, the phase of a plurality of phase shifters can be adjusted, the arrangement number of the driving mechanisms can be reduced, and the space required by installation is reduced; and the driving gear 202, the first connecting gear 203, the second connecting gear 204 and the transmission gear 301 are arranged on the same plane, so that the space occupied by the staggered arrangement in the length direction can be avoided, and the space required in the length direction is further reduced. Two pairs of ratchets 108 are adopted, two rotation directions of one motor are used for respectively controlling the gear shifting disc 201 and the driving gear 202, the output of a plurality of transmission mechanisms and the switching between the transmission mechanisms can be realized by only using one motor, the mutual influence is avoided, the switching device can realize miniaturization under the conventional process, the purpose of antenna miniaturization is achieved, and the material and manufacturing cost is reduced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (9)

1. A transmission switching device is characterized by comprising a one-way driving mechanism, wherein the one-way driving mechanism comprises a driving shaft, a first connecting shaft and a second connecting shaft; the first end of the driving shaft is connected with the first end of the first connecting shaft and the first end of the second connecting shaft at the same time, and is movably connected in the axial direction and fixedly connected in the circumferential direction respectively; the second end of the first connecting shaft is connected with the first end of the first output shaft through a first ratchet structure, the second end of the second connecting shaft is connected with the first end of the second output shaft through a second ratchet structure, and the rotating directions of the first ratchet structure and the second ratchet structure are opposite;
the driving gear, the first connecting gear and the plurality of transmission gears are arranged in parallel with the central axis;
the first output shaft is used for driving the first connecting gear to rotate around the driving gear between the driving gear and the transmission gears so as to be selectively meshed with any one of the transmission gears.
2. The transmission switching device according to claim 1, wherein the first end of the driving shaft is hollow, the first connecting shaft is also hollow, the first end of the first connecting shaft is sleeved on the first end of the driving shaft and is movably connected with the first end of the driving shaft in the axial direction and fixedly connected with the first end of the driving shaft in the circumferential direction, the first end of the second connecting shaft passes through the first connecting shaft and is inserted into the first end of the driving shaft, and the first end of the second connecting shaft is movably connected with the first end of the driving shaft in the axial direction and fixedly connected with the first end of the driving shaft in the circumferential direction.
3. The transmission shifting apparatus of claim 2, wherein a first resilient member is disposed between an outer side of the drive shaft, the second end of the drive shaft, and the first end of the first connecting shaft; and a second elastic piece is arranged between the inner side of the driving shaft and the second end of the driving shaft and the first end of the second connecting shaft.
4. The drive switching device of claim 1, wherein the first and second ratchet tooth structures each include at least two pairs of mating ratchet teeth, the ratchet teeth including contiguous ramped and straight portions.
5. The drive-shifting apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a shift disk; the gear shifting disc is fixedly connected with the second end of the first output shaft, a first fixed shaft is arranged on the side face, facing the driving gear, of the gear shifting disc, and the first connecting gear is rotatably sleeved on the first fixed shaft.
6. The transmission switching device according to claim 5, wherein a second fixed shaft is further disposed on the gear shifting disc, a second connecting gear is rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the second fixed shaft, the second connecting gear is meshed with the first connecting gear and has a space with the driving gear, and the gear shifting disc drives the second connecting gear to rotate to selectively mesh with any one of the transmission gears.
7. The transmission switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a plurality of the transmission gears are connected with one end of a plurality of the screw rods in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the screw rods are sleeved with nuts, one side of each screw rod is provided with a guide rod in parallel, the nuts are movably sleeved on the guide rods, and the nuts are connected with the phase adjusting devices of the phase shifters.
8. The drive switching device of claim 7, further comprising a first support, a second support, a third support, and a fourth support; the first support supports a second end of the drive shaft; the second end of the first output shaft penetrates through the second support piece, and a damper is arranged between the second end of the first output shaft and the second support piece; the third support piece supports a second end of the second output shaft and one end of the screw rod, and a damper is arranged between the second end of the second output shaft and the third support piece; the fourth supporting member supports the other end of the screw.
9. A base station antenna comprising the drive switching apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 8.
CN201911051132.6A 2019-10-31 2019-10-31 One-way driving mechanism, transmission switching device and base station antenna Active CN110778619B (en)

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