CN110776902A - Open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid, preparation method thereof and method for constructing fracturing reservoir by using open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid - Google Patents
Open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid, preparation method thereof and method for constructing fracturing reservoir by using open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid Download PDFInfo
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- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
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- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
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- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
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- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/70—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams
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- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Abstract
The invention provides an open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid, a preparation method thereof and a method for constructing a fractured reservoir by using the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid, wherein the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid is prepared by the following steps: step 1, mixing 30-40% of cement, 45-55% of sand, 0.5-2% of water reducing agent and 9-12% of water according to the total mass percentage of the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid to obtain cement slurry; step 2, adding 1-3% of foaming agent into cement paste, introducing gas, and controlling the gas velocity to be 0.5-2.0mL/50cm
3And min, stirring to obtain the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid. The method for constructing the fracturing reservoir comprises the following steps: pressing open-cell foam cement into the formation; and after fracturing is finished, continuously introducing gas and closing the well to realize solidification of the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid so as to form an open-cell foam reservoir stratum. The open-cell foam cement of the invention is fracturedThe liquid is solidified after fracturing to obtain open-cell foam cement, has all-dimensional communicating pore channels, and can ensure higher oil gas seepage capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing, and particularly relates to an open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid, a preparation method thereof and a method for constructing a fracturing reservoir by using the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid, which are used for oil and gas exploitation.
Background
The current fracturing fluid systems emerging in laboratories and sites comprise ① polymer series, such as guar gum and polyacrylamide systems, which are not thorough in gel breaking and flowback and easy to cause reservoir blockage, ② viscoelastic micelle fracturing systems are poor in temperature resistance, easy to damage the system structure and high in cost, ③ foam fracturing systems are poor in temperature resistance and easy to damage the system structure, ④ slickwater systems are low in sand suspending capacity (less than 5% sand ratio) and far smaller than the average 30% sand ratio of the conventional guar gum systems.
The foamed cement/concrete is produced by introducing air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or oxygen into cement slurry through physical or chemical foaming process and curing to produce cement/concrete product with great amount of fine closed pores and high strength. The foam cement/concrete plays a significant role in the field of building materials due to excellent characteristics of light weight, heat insulation, sound insulation, low price and the like. The foam cement has the advantages of low density and low permeability, can reduce gas channeling, prevent casing corrosion and the like, is widely applied to oil-gas operation lost layer well cementation, long sealing section well cementation and gas injection well cementation, and takes a closed-cell foam structure as a main expression form.
At present, the theory and application research of foam cement/concrete still mainly takes a closed cell structure, and the related theory research of a bicontinuous foam cement/concrete structure is not reported in a public way until now, and the bicontinuous foam cement is not applied to a fracturing technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid, the preparation method thereof and the method for constructing the fracturing reservoir by using the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing cement slurry: mixing 30-40% of cement, 45-55% of sand, 0.5-2% of water reducing agent and 9-12% of water according to the total mass percentage of the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid to obtain cement slurry;
step 2, adding 1-3% of foaming agent into the cement slurry according to the percentage of the total mass of the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid, introducing gas, and controlling the gas velocity to be 0.5-2.0mL/50cm
3And min, stirring at 2000-4000rpm for 20-35 minutes to obtain the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid.
Preferably, in step 1, the cement is Portland type III cement, designated by the reference numeral 42.5.
Preferably, in step 1, the water reducing agent is lignosulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate, sulfamate or powder polycarboxylate.
Preferably, in the step 2, the foaming agent comprises 0.5-1% of anionic surfactant, 0.3-0.5% of nonionic surfactant and 0.5-1.5% of protein active foaming agent by percentage of the total mass of the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid.
Further, the anionic surfactant is α -olefin sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate or fatty acid alkyl sulfonate, the nonionic surfactant is lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester or alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and the protein active foaming agent is a tea saponin foaming agent or a saponin foaming agent.
Preferably, in step 2, the gas introduced is N
2Air or CO
2。
The open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid prepared by the preparation method.
The method for constructing the fractured reservoir by using the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid comprises the following steps:
step 1, fracturing operation: pressing open-cell foam cement into the formation;
step 2, solidifying the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid: and after fracturing is finished, continuously introducing gas and closing the well to realize solidification of the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid, and pressing the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid into the stratum to form an open-cell foam reservoir.
Preferably, step 1 is staged fracturing: in the first stage, pumping open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid which accounts for 30-35% of the volume of the total open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid into an oil well to a reservoir stratum; in the second stage, pumping open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid which accounts for 20-25% of the volume of the total open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid into an oil well to a reservoir stratum; in the third stage, pumping open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid which accounts for 40-50% of the volume of the total open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid into an oil well to a reservoir stratum; and in the fracturing process, the injection pressure of each stage is within the range of 20-30MPa, and if the pressure is too high, the pumping of the fracturing fluid is stopped until the pressure is reduced and then the process is continued.
Preferably, in the step 2, the well closing time is 3-5 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a novel fracturing technology-open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid system, which is characterized in that the foaming agent content and the cement content are changed, the gas introduction is controlled, and the bubble nucleation rate, the bubble coalescence rate and the cement hydration rate are controlled, so that generated bubbles are coalesced, and the bubble coalescence rate and the cement hydration rate are controlled to keep balance, so that the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid is solidified after fracturing to obtain open-cell foam cement. When the cement paste is prepared, a certain amount of water reducing agent is added, so that the cement paste has a dispersing effect on cement particles, the workability of the cement paste can be improved, the unit water consumption is reduced, the compressive strength is high, the strength of the cement can be greatly improved, the service life of the cement can be greatly prolonged by more than 1 time, and the fluidity of a cement mixture is improved. The open-cell foam cement obtained by curing after fracturing by the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid has all-dimensional communicated pore channels, the permeability is as high as more than 90%, the high oil gas seepage capability can be ensured, and the exploitation of oil gas after fracturing is facilitated; open-cell foam cement is used as a fracturing fluid system, the solidified foam cement is directly used as a fracturing layer channel, a propping agent is not needed, flowback is not needed, and reservoir damage is not caused. The method has wide porosity and density adjustability, is suitable for fracturing operation of different reservoirs, has wide application range, and has obvious theoretical and technical advantages compared with the conventional fracturing fluid system. The invention is suitable for hydraulic fracturing operation in oil and gas exploitation, and is a simple, efficient and economic fracturing method. The whole fracturing operation is completely carried out according to the conventional fracturing operation procedure, and the method is simple.
Furthermore, the cement adopts Portland type III cement with the label of 42.5, the strength which can be developed within 3 to 5 days is equivalent to that of ordinary cement within 28 days, and the highest compression strength can reach 42.5 MPa.
Furthermore, when the foaming agent is prepared, a small amount of protein active substance type foaming agent is added, and the advantages are that the foam is particularly stable, the foam can not be defoamed for a long time, the complete defoaming time is mostly longer than 24 hours, and the foam is popular with other types of foaming agents. In addition, the foaming ratio is relatively satisfactory.
When the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid is driven into a stratum, an intermittent fracturing mode is adopted, a complex fracture network system can be formed on the premise of low cost, and the requirement on fracturing equipment in the field fracturing process is low. And finally closing the well, continuously introducing gas and hardening for 3-5 days, namely forming open-cell foam cement in the oil well and constructing a fractured reservoir stratum of the open-cell foam cement.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The invention relates toThe preparation method of the porous foam cement fracturing fluid comprises the following steps: cement slurry is prepared on the ground, and according to the mass percentage, 1 to 3 percent of foaming agent is added into 97 to 99 percent of the cement slurry to form the cement fracturing fluid. Then introducing gas into the reactor and stirring, wherein the gas introduction rate is strictly controlled to be 0.5-2.0mL/50cm
3In the min range and the stirring speed in the range of 2000-4000rpm, a large amount of stable foam is generated to form the foam cement fracturing fluid. And pumping the prepared foam cement fracturing fluid into an oil well to a reservoir stratum in sections through a fracturing truck, wherein the injection pressure is within the range of 20-30MPa, and the well is closed for 3-5 days.
Wherein, by mass percent, the cement paste comprises: 30 to 40 percent of Portland cement III, 45 to 55 percent of sand (20 to 40 meshes), 9 to 12 percent of water and 0.5 to 2 percent of water reducing agent; the foaming agent comprises: 0.5-1% of anionic surfactant, 0.3-0.5% of nonionic surfactant and 0.5-1.5% of protein active foaming agent.
The cement is Portland cement III with the label of 42.5, the strength which can be developed within 3 to 5 days is equivalent to that of ordinary cement within 28 days, and the highest compression strength can reach 42.5 MPa.
The water reducing agent is one of lignosulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate, sulfamate or powdered polycarboxylate.
The protein active foaming agent is one of vegetable protein foaming agents, such as tea saponin foaming agents and saponin foaming agents.
The gas being N
2Air or CO
2One or more of the gases. When gas is introduced into the cement fracturing fluid, the gas introduction rate can be adjusted according to different well depths so as to control the size of the foam: e.g. deeper in the well: (>3000m), selecting a foam with smaller pores (<0.3mm) and the gas introduction speed is controlled to be 0.5-0.8m L/50cm
3·min，The foam quality is between 80 and 95 percent; if (1800 m)<h<3000m), the foam with moderate pores (0.3-0.7 mm) can be used, the gas introduction rate is moderate and is controlled at 0.8-1.5m L/50cm
3Min, the foam quality is between 65% and 80%. If (<1800m), foam (0.7 mm-1.1 mm) with slightly large pores can be used, the gas introduction rate is slow and is controlled to be 1.5-2.0m L/50cm
3Min, the foam mass is between 52% and 65%. The foam with the reduced pores has longer stirring time and larger rotating speed, and the foam with the larger pores has shorter stirring time and slower rotating speed.
The method for constructing the fractured reservoir by using the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing cement fracturing fluid on the ground: preparing cement slurry and a foaming agent, and mixing to form cement fracturing fluid;
step 2, performing pre-pressure evaluation on the target reservoir stratum, and determining stirring and gas introduction rate and time, wherein the gas introduction rate is 0.5-2.0mL/50cm
3In the min range, the stirring speed is in the range of 2000-;
and 3, forming the foam cement fracturing fluid: introducing gas into the cement fracturing fluid according to the step 2 and stirring to obtain foamed cement fracturing fluid;
step 4, fracturing operation: according to conventional fracturing, the prepared foam cement fracturing fluid is pressed into a stratum in sections, the injection pressure is in the range of 20-30MPa, and the injection pressure is adjusted according to stratum conditions;
step 5, solidifying the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid: and after fracturing, continuously introducing gas and hardening for 3-5 days to realize solidification of the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid, and after the whole fracturing is finished, pressing the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid into a stratum to form an open-cell foam reservoir.
The invention achieves the regulation and control of the formation and microstructure of the cement slurry by controlling the gas introduction process, the stirring strength and the cement slurry composition, and forms the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid.
Specific examples are as follows.
Example 1
1) Preparing cement paste on the ground: the cement paste consists of 30 mass percent of Portland cement III, 55 mass percent of sand (20 meshes), 10 mass percent of water and 2 mass percent of water reducer lignosulfonate;
2) preparing foaming agent on the ground, mixing 1% of anionic surfactant α -olefin sulfonate, 0.5% of nonionic surfactant laurinol polyoxyethylene ether and 1.5% of tea saponin foaming agent;
3) evaluation of the target reservoir: the well depth is 1700 m. Introduction of N
2Stirring was carried out with a gas introduction rate of 0.5mL/50cm
3Min, stirring speed 2000rpm, working time 10 min;
4) foam cement fracturing fluid formation: adding a foaming agent into cement slurry to form cement fracturing fluid, and treating the cement fracturing fluid according to the step 3) to form foamed cement fracturing fluid;
5) fracturing operation: pumping foam cement fracturing fluid into an oil well to a reservoir layer through a fracturing truck, wherein the volume of the fracturing fluid in the section accounts for 30% of the total volume; pumping the fracturing fluid into the oil well to the reservoir layer again by the fracturing truck, wherein the volume of the fracturing fluid in the section accounts for 25% of the total volume; and finally, continuously pumping the fracturing fluid into the oil well to the reservoir layer by a fracturing truck until the pumping amount of the fracturing fluid reaches the designed pumping amount, wherein the volume of the fracturing fluid in the section accounts for 45 percent of the total volume. In the fracturing process, the injection pressure of each section is 20MPa, if the pressure is overlarge, the pumping of fracturing fluid is stopped until the pressure is reduced, and the pumping can be continued;
6) curing the foam cement fracturing fluid: and after fracturing is finished, continuously introducing gas and closing the well for 3 days to realize solidification of the foam cement fracturing fluid, and after the whole fracturing is finished, pressing the foam cement fracturing fluid into the stratum to form an open-cell foam reservoir.
Example 2
1) Preparing cement paste on the ground: the cement paste consists of 40 percent of Portland cement III, 45 percent of sand (30 meshes), 12 percent of water and 1 percent of water reducer naphthalene sulfonate in percentage by mass;
2) preparing a foaming agent on the ground: mixing 1% of anionic surfactant alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, 0.5% of nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester and 0.5% of tea saponin foaming agent by mass percent;
3) evaluation of the target reservoir: the well depth is 2200 m. Introduction of N
2Stirring was carried out with a gas introduction rate of 1.0mL/50cm
3Min, stirring speed 2500rpm, working time 15 min;
4) foam cement fracturing fluid formation: adding a foaming agent into cement slurry to form cement fracturing fluid, and treating the cement fracturing fluid according to the step 3) to form foamed cement fracturing fluid;
5) fracturing operation: pumping foam cement fracturing fluid into an oil well to a reservoir layer through a fracturing truck, wherein the volume of the fracturing fluid in the section accounts for 32% of the total volume; pumping the fracturing fluid into the reservoir layer again by the fracturing truck, wherein the volume of the fracturing fluid in the section accounts for 21% of the total volume; and finally, continuously pumping the fracturing fluid into the oil well to the reservoir layer by a fracturing truck until the pumping amount of the fracturing fluid reaches the designed pumping amount, wherein the volume of the fracturing fluid in the section accounts for 47 percent of the total volume. In the fracturing process, the injection pressure of each section is 24MPa, if the pressure is overlarge, the pumping of fracturing fluid is stopped until the pressure is reduced, and the pumping can be continued;
6) curing the foam cement fracturing fluid: and after fracturing is finished, continuously introducing gas and closing the well for 4 days to realize solidification of the foam cement fracturing fluid, and after the whole fracturing is finished, pressing the foam cement fracturing fluid into the stratum to form an open-cell foam reservoir.
Example 3
1) Preparing cement paste on the ground: the method comprises the following steps of (1) forming cement paste by 35% of Portland cement III, 50% of sand (35 meshes), 11% of water and 0.5% of water reducer powder polycarboxylate in percentage by mass;
2) preparing a foaming agent on the ground: 1 percent of anionic surfactant fatty acid alkyl sulfonate, 0.5 percent of nonionic surfactant alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and 1.5 percent of saponin type foaming agent are mixed;
3) evaluation of the target reservoir: the well depth 2700 m. Introducing CO
2Stirring was carried out with a gas introduction rate of 1.6mL/50cm
3Min, stirring speed 3400rpm, and working time 20 min;
4) foam cement fracturing fluid formation: adding a foaming agent into cement slurry to form cement fracturing fluid, and treating the cement fracturing fluid according to the step 3) to form foamed cement fracturing fluid;
5) fracturing operation: pumping foam cement fracturing fluid into an oil well to a reservoir layer through a fracturing truck, wherein the volume of the fracturing fluid in the section accounts for 35% of the total volume; pumping the fracturing fluid into the reservoir layer again by the fracturing truck, wherein the volume of the fracturing fluid in the section accounts for 20% of the total volume; and finally, continuously pumping the fracturing fluid into the oil well to the reservoir layer by a fracturing truck until the pumping amount of the fracturing fluid reaches the designed pumping amount, wherein the volume of the fracturing fluid in the section accounts for 45 percent of the total volume. In the fracturing process, the injection pressure of each section is within the range of 27MPa, if the pressure is overlarge, the pumping of fracturing fluid is stopped until the pressure is reduced, and the pumping can be continued;
6) curing the foam cement fracturing fluid: and after fracturing is finished, continuously introducing gas and closing the well for 4 days to realize solidification of the foam cement fracturing fluid, and after the whole fracturing is finished, pressing the foam cement fracturing fluid into the stratum to form an open-cell foam reservoir.
Example 4
1) Preparing cement paste on the ground: the cement paste consists of 37 mass percent of Portland cement III, 50 mass percent of sand (40 meshes), 9 mass percent of water and 1.8 mass percent of water reducer sulfamate;
2) preparing foaming agent on ground, mixing 0.8% of anionic surfactant α -olefin sulfonate, 0.4% of nonionic surfactant laurinol polyoxyethylene ether and 1% of saponin type foaming agent;
3) evaluation of the target reservoir: the well depth is 3200 m. Introducing CO
2Stirring was carried out with a gas introduction rate of 2.0mL/50cm
3Min, stirring speed 4000rpm, working time 25 min;
4) foam cement fracturing fluid formation: adding a foaming agent into cement slurry to form cement fracturing fluid, and treating the cement fracturing fluid according to the step 3) to form foamed cement fracturing fluid;
5) fracturing operation: pumping the foam fracturing fluid into an oil well to a reservoir layer through a fracturing truck, wherein the volume of the fracturing fluid in the section accounts for 30% of the total volume; pumping the fracturing fluid into the reservoir layer again by the fracturing truck, wherein the volume of the fracturing fluid in the section accounts for 20% of the total volume; and finally, continuously pumping the fracturing fluid into the oil well to the reservoir layer by a fracturing truck until the pumping amount of the fracturing fluid reaches the designed pumping amount, wherein the volume of the fracturing fluid in the section accounts for 50% of the total volume. In the fracturing process, the injection pressure of each section is within 30MPa, if the pressure is overlarge, the pumping of the fracturing fluid is stopped until the pressure is reduced, and the pumping can be continued;
6) curing the foam cement fracturing fluid: and after fracturing is finished, continuously introducing gas and closing the well for 5 days to realize solidification of the foam cement fracturing fluid, and after the whole fracturing is finished, pressing the foam cement fracturing fluid into the stratum to form an open-cell foam reservoir.
After performance testing of example 4: compressive strength up to 40MPa and cement density up to 1.21g/cm
3The permeability reaches 94.8 percent, the thickening time is 302min, and the complete defoaming time reaches 50 h.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, preparing cement slurry: mixing 30-40% of cement, 45-55% of sand, 0.5-2% of water reducing agent and 9-12% of water according to the total mass percentage of the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid to obtain cement slurry;
step 2, adding 1-3% of foaming agent into the cement slurry according to the percentage of the total mass of the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid, introducing gas, and controlling the gas velocity to be 0.5-2.0mL/50cm
3And min, stirring at 2000-4000rpm for 20-35 minutes to obtain the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein in step 1 the cement is Portland type III cement designated 42.5.
3. The method for constructing a fractured reservoir by using the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid of claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the water reducing agent is lignosulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate, sulfamate or powdered polycarboxylate.
4. The method for preparing open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the foaming agent comprises 0.5-1% of anionic surfactant, 0.3-0.5% of nonionic surfactant and 0.5-1.5% of protein active foaming agent by weight of the total mass of the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the anionic surfactant is α -olefin sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate or fatty acid sulfoalkyl ester, the nonionic surfactant is polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester or polyoxyethylene alkylphenol, and the protein-type foaming agent is tea saponin foaming agent or saponin-type foaming agent.
6. The method for preparing open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the gas introduced is N
2Air or CO
2。
7. An open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A method of constructing a fractured reservoir using the open cell foam cement fracturing fluid of claim 7, comprising the steps of:
step 1, fracturing operation: pressing open-cell foam cement into the formation;
step 2, solidifying the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid: and after fracturing is finished, continuously introducing gas and closing the well to realize solidification of the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid, and pressing the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid into the stratum to form an open-cell foam reservoir.
9. A method of constructing a fractured reservoir using an open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid as claimed in claim 8, wherein step 1 is specifically staged fracturing: in the first stage, pumping open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid which accounts for 30-35% of the volume of the total open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid into an oil well to a reservoir stratum; in the second stage, pumping open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid which accounts for 20-25% of the volume of the total open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid into an oil well to a reservoir stratum; in the third stage, pumping open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid which accounts for 40-50% of the volume of the total open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid into an oil well to a reservoir stratum; and in the fracturing process, the injection pressure of each stage is within the range of 20-30MPa, and if the pressure is too high, the pumping of the fracturing fluid is stopped until the pressure is reduced and then the process is continued.
10. The method for constructing a fractured reservoir by using the open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the step 2, the well shut-in time is 3-5 days.
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| CN201911050008.8A Active CN110776902B (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid, preparation method thereof and method for constructing fracturing reservoir by using open-cell foam cement fracturing fluid |
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| CN114231263A (en) * | 2022-01-15 | 2022-03-25 | 青岛国创新材料科技有限公司 | Asphalt composition particles and preparation method thereof |
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