CN110776804A - 一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN110776804A
CN110776804A CN201910979143.4A CN201910979143A CN110776804A CN 110776804 A CN110776804 A CN 110776804A CN 201910979143 A CN201910979143 A CN 201910979143A CN 110776804 A CN110776804 A CN 110776804A
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徐芳
张晓晨
候向辉
阚智谦
徐劲海
树健
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TAIZHOU GANGYANG RUBBER CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及纳米复合涂层技术领域,尤其涉及一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层,包含以下物质:金属化合物和聚合物材料,所述金属化合物占自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层质量的5%‑20%,所述金属化合物为无机富勒烯类二硫化钨,为直径从80到220纳米的纳米颗粒,所述聚合物材料为聚丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯、聚醚醚酮、聚二甲氧基硅氧烷、聚偏氟乙烯、超高分子量聚乙烯和聚四氟乙烯中的一种或多种,二硫化钨纳米颗粒在纳米复合涂层内部的抗氧化性提高到500℃以上,涂层材料的热稳定性显著提高;当涂层中二硫化钨纳米颗粒重量比例增加至20%,大大增强了材料的机械强度;且增加了二硫化钨纳米粒子后,纳米复合涂层的耐磨性也得到了显著改善。

Description

一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米复合涂层技术领域,尤其涉及一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层及其制备工艺。
背景技术
根据美国橡树国家实验室的数据,世界上大约1/4的能源总使用量被消耗在摩擦磨损中了,全世界每年由摩擦,磨损和润滑剂带来的耗费(包括部件使用寿命的缩短,部件的维护和维修)超过2000亿人民币,其中46% 用于表面运输,33%耗于工业加工和处理,6.8%用于能源供应,其余部分用于平衡。
因此,有效的润滑将不仅极大的减少摩擦磨损以及润滑剂的使用,极大的提高零部件的使用寿命以及运营成本,还能减少运营过程中的能量损耗更加有效地节省和使用现有能源,润滑剂使用的降低又可以降低对环境的污染。自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合材料涂层的发展在能源、环境、国防等领域中的高端传动零部件设计具有重要作用。
作为固体自润滑材料的重要方向,高分子润滑作为滑动部件具有突出优点,但也包括:机械强度低,承载能力差;不宜在高温下使用;有吸湿性,时效变化明显等缺点。
从检索到的文献资料和专利信息来看,目前的公开技术主要集中在涂层制备,材料表征和测试等方面。中国发明专利(CN 109971311 A,公开日2019.07.05),公开了一种自修复、自润滑双功能型防腐涂层及其制备方法,提出的自修复、自润滑双功能微胶囊以聚氨酯壁材,亚麻油为芯材,采用界面聚合法制得,进而实现防腐涂层的自润滑和自修复。中国发明专利(CN 108117662A,公开日2018.06.05),公开了一种在材料表面制备亲水润滑涂层的方法,将金属催化剂加入到聚合物材料、陶瓷材料或合金材料中,通过热固或者热压成型法制备得到含金属催化剂的复合材料;将复合材料浸入水凝胶单体溶液中聚合即得在表面原位生长出水凝胶润滑膜的复合材料,进而对材料进行润湿及水润滑改性,是解决了医用低表面能聚合物材料表面水润滑改性难及被修饰基材多次循环利用问题。中国发明专利(CN 106733554A,公开日2017.05.31),公开了一种铝合金表面的自润滑耐磨涂层的制备方法,通过对自润滑层树脂进行羟基化改性,提高耐磨层的耐久性。中国发明专利(CN10034865,授权日2007.11.14),公开了高分子自润滑复合材料,以碳酸钙晶须增强聚四氟乙烯,进而获得较小的摩擦系数。国际专利WO 2007/127792 A2,公开了一种医疗器械用具有自润滑功能的高分子聚合物,通过碳氢化合物合成脂增强自润滑聚合物稳定性,用于医疗器械中的阀门和垫圈等组件。
国际专利WO 2014/012080 A1,公开了自修复自润滑聚合物的制备方法,将聚合物具有亲和力的润滑液用于在聚合物内吸收并在聚合物上形成(润滑液体的)润滑剂层。润滑剂层可以排斥各种材料,包括简单和复杂的流体(水,碳氢化合物,原油和体液),在物理损坏后恢复液体排斥性,并抵抗冰,微生物和昆虫粘附。自润滑聚合物可用与节能,减摩液处理和运输,医疗装置,防冰,光学传感,以及作为自清洁和在极端环境中操作的防污材料。
现有公开的发明专利多集中于聚合物润滑材料的改性和制备方面,对于新型元素和金属化合物的应用及其组份配比均未涉及。现有技术在润滑性能方面有限,且在机械强度,承载能力,温度稳定性等表现较差。
因此,我们提出了一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层及其制备工艺用于解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有固体高分子聚合物机械强度低,承载能力差,热稳定性差的难题,弥补现有自润滑材料摩擦系数仍偏高的缺陷缺点,而提出的一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层及其制备工艺。
一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层,包含以下物质:金属化合物和聚合物材料,所述金属化合物占自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层质量的5%-20%。
优选的,所述金属化合物为无机富勒烯类二硫化钨,为直径从80到220纳米的纳米颗粒。
优选的,所述聚合物材料为聚丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯、聚醚醚酮、聚二甲氧基硅氧烷、聚偏氟乙烯、超高分子量聚乙烯和聚四氟乙烯中的一种或多种。
优选的,一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层的制备工艺,将金属化合物加入到聚合物材料中进行聚合,形成复合材料,在气溶胶辅助沉积下,在基体表面产生自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层。
优选的,所述聚合的温度为30℃-400℃,聚合的时间为1h-8h。
优选的,所述基体为金属或者橡胶中的一种。
优选的,所述橡胶为天然橡胶、丁苯胶、丁基橡胶、氢化丁腈胶、乙丙胶、丁腈胶或者氯丁胶中的一种;
优选的,所述金属为不锈钢、铜和铝中的一种或多种。
本发明的有益效果是:
二硫化钨纳米颗粒在纳米复合涂层内部的抗氧化性提高到500℃以上,涂层材料的热稳定性显著提高;当涂层中二硫化钨纳米颗粒重量比例增加至20%,纳米复合涂层的硬度和杨氏模量也增加多达50-80%,大大增强了材料的机械强度;且增加了二硫化钨纳米粒子后,聚醚醚酮的摩擦系数显着降低了70%,纳米复合涂层的耐磨性也得到了显著改善。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步解说。
一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层,包含以下物质:金属化合物和聚合物材料,所述金属化合物占自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层质量的5%-20%。
所述金属化合物为无机富勒烯类二硫化钨,为直径从80到220纳米的纳米颗粒。
所述聚合物材料为聚丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯、聚醚醚酮、聚二甲氧基硅氧烷、聚偏氟乙烯、超高分子量聚乙烯和聚四氟乙烯中的一种或多种。
一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层的制备工艺,将金属化合物加入到聚合物材料中进行聚合,形成复合材料,在气溶胶辅助沉积下,在基体表面产生自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层。
所述聚合的温度为30℃-400℃,聚合的时间为1h-8h。
所述基体为金属或者橡胶中的一种。
所述橡胶为天然橡胶、丁苯胶、丁基橡胶、氢化丁腈胶、乙丙胶、丁腈胶或者氯丁胶中的一种;
所述金属为不锈钢、铜和铝中的一种或多种。
实施例1中,金属基体自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层制备
1)不锈钢板作为基体,在气溶胶辅助沉积之前,将所有的基体和工具都用酒精超声清洗和脱脂,选择无机富勒烯类二硫化钨纳米颗粒直径从80到220纳米不等,将无机富勒烯类二硫化钨纳米颗粒与聚醚醚酮颗粒在液体溶剂中混合制成分散剂,分散剂内部的总固体含量重量比例控制在0.01-5%。
2)分散剂由雾化器的雾化作用产生细小的气溶胶颗粒,液滴随后被喷涂在定向加热的基体上,在气溶胶辅助沉积过程中,液滴在基体表面经过蒸发、熔化和沉积,金属基体温度在280-350℃之间,对试样进行350-400℃后热处理1小时,获得更光滑的表面,增强涂层与基体的界面强度,通过调整沉积时间控制涂层的厚度大约30μm。
实施例2中,橡胶基体自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层制备
1)橡胶材料作为基体,高分子聚合物纳米材料制备同实施例1,此处不再重复说明。
2)分散剂由雾化器的雾化作用产生细小的气溶胶颗粒,液滴随后被喷涂在定向加热的基体上,在气溶胶辅助沉积过程中,液滴在基体表面经过蒸发、熔化和沉积,橡胶基体温度在80-100℃之间,对试样进行50-100℃后热处理8小时,获得更光滑的表面,增强涂层与基体的界面强度,通过调整沉积时间控制涂层的厚度大约30μm。
实施例3中,对自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层进行测定:
1)自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层厚度的测定
采用X射线衍射(XRD)用来检测无机富勒烯类二硫化钨/聚醚醚酮纳米复合涂层不同沉积阶段涂料的结晶度,傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)测定沉积膜的分子结构,然后采用扫描电镜(SEM)对从涂层的横截面测量其厚度。
2)自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层热稳定性测定
采用差热分析法(DTA)对无机富勒烯类二硫化钨纳米颗粒和纳米复合涂层在30℃至700℃(金属材料基体)范围内的热性能进行测试,升温速率控制为5℃/分钟,过程中小心地刮去基板上的纳米复合涂层,测定材料的氧化程度。
3)自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层机械性能测定
采用通用微摩擦计测定了涂层的纳米硬度和模量,加载力可达20mN,并利用该摩擦计进行摩擦学试验。采用直径1.6mm的不锈钢球,在恒载1N下,以1800mm/min的速度进行线性往复球对平板的滑动磨损。试验过程中同时记录载荷和摩擦力,以获得摩擦系数数据,滑动磨损时间为30分钟,每个试样在不同位置进行三次试验。
实施例4中,在材料表面连续多层覆履自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层的方法。将基体表面涂覆了纳米自润滑高分子聚合物材料二次喷涂雾化气溶胶颗粒,基体表面可二次沉积不同颗粒大小得的纳米材料,并通过温度和沉积时间控制总体涂层材料厚度,依次类推,可在聚合物材料表面连续接沉积,实现分层纳米自润滑涂层结构。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层,其特征在于,包含以下物质:金属化合物和聚合物材料,所述金属化合物占自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层质量的5%-20%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层,其特征在于,所述金属化合物为无机富勒烯类二硫化钨,为直径从80到220纳米的纳米颗粒。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层,其特征在于,所述聚合物材料为聚丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯、聚醚醚酮、聚二甲氧基硅氧烷、聚偏氟乙烯、超高分子量聚乙烯和聚四氟乙烯中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层的制备工艺,其特征在于,将金属化合物加入到聚合物材料中进行聚合,形成复合材料,在气溶胶辅助沉积下,在基体表面产生自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述聚合的温度为30℃-400℃,聚合的时间为1h-8h。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述基体为金属或者橡胶中的一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种自润滑高分子聚合物纳米复合涂层的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述橡胶为天然橡胶、丁苯胶、丁基橡胶、氢化丁腈胶、乙丙胶、丁腈胶或者氯丁胶中的一种;
所述金属为不锈钢、铜和铝中的一种或多种。
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