CN110776022A - Preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal - Google Patents

Preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal Download PDF

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CN110776022A
CN110776022A CN201910900068.8A CN201910900068A CN110776022A CN 110776022 A CN110776022 A CN 110776022A CN 201910900068 A CN201910900068 A CN 201910900068A CN 110776022 A CN110776022 A CN 110776022A
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palladium
ammonia water
hydrochloric acid
solid crystal
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孔维龙
黄世盛
朱振华
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Lifu Jiangmen Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal, which comprises the following steps: (1) acid leaching and dissolving; (2) nitrate is removed by hydrochloric acid; (3) complexing with ammonia water; (4) acidifying; (5) dissolving ammonia water; (6) dehydrating and crystallizing; (7) and (5) drying. According to the preparation method of the palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal, the product is obtained by adding the dehydrating agent for crystallization, so that excessive deamination and dehydration of the product in the evaporation and concentration process in the traditional preparation process are avoided, the dehydrating agent is added at room temperature, heating and concentration are not needed, the production process can be simplified, and the purity and yield of the product are improved.

Description

Preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical catalysis and electroplating industry, in particular to a preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal.
Background
The palladium (II) tetraammine dichloride is an important palladium compound, is widely applied to chemical catalysis and electroplating industries, is a main raw material of palladium plating, is a novel electroplating main salt, has high electroplating efficiency, is clean and environment-friendly, and is widely applied to the electronic industry. In addition, the palladium (II) tetraammine dichloride can also be used as a precursor compound of a supported palladium catalyst due to good water solubility and relatively stable solution chemical properties. The traditional preparation process mostly adopts evaporation concentration for crystallization, but because the excessive heating of the palladium tetramine dichloride at high temperature can accelerate deamination and dehydration, the produced palladium tetramine dichloride loses crystal water and even deamination and decomposition, so that the product purity is not high and the yield is low. Therefore, research on a preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal is urgently needed, and the defects of low product purity, low yield and the like in the traditional production process can be overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems in the prior art, the first object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystals, which improves the crystallization mode of the product by adding a dehydrating agent, avoids deamination and dehydration of the product during the evaporation and concentration process, simplifies the production process, and improves the purity and yield of the product.
In order to solve the problems, the invention is realized according to the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystals comprises the following steps:
(1) acid leaching and dissolving: soaking the palladium sheet or palladium powder in aqua regia at 70-110 ℃ for 60-90 min;
(2) nitrate removal by hydrochloric acid: heating and concentrating the solution obtained in the step (1) in a reaction kettle to 1/2 with the original volume, dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 30-36% under the boiling condition, heating until no reddish brown gas is generated, stopping heating, and cooling to 75-85 ℃;
(3) ammonia water complexation, namely slowly dropwise adding 25-28% ammonia water into the solution obtained in the step (2) until the pH value of the solution system is 8-9, and stopping adding the ammonia water; stirring at a constant speed in the ammonia water dropping process, standing and cooling to 20-30 ℃ after the reaction is finished, filtering out insoluble impurities, and washing filter residues with pure water until the pH value of the filtrate is 6-7;
(4) acidifying: dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 30% -36% into the filtrate obtained by filtering in the step (3), stopping adding the concentrated hydrochloric acid after the solution system PH is 1-2, cooling and filtering to obtain palladium yellow, cleaning the palladium yellow for 1-2 times by using a 1% hydrochloric acid solution, and cleaning the palladium yellow for 1-2 times by using DI water;
(5) dissolving ammonia water: transferring the palladium yellow obtained by filtering in the step (4) into a conversion tank, dropwise adding 25-28% ammonia water to completely dissolve the palladium yellow, and cooling to 25-30 ℃;
(6) dehydrating and crystallizing: adding the solution obtained in the step (5) according to the ratio of Pd: 1, dehydrating agent: adding a dehydrating agent in a ratio of 3-5 for dehydrating and crystallizing, keeping stirring at a constant speed for 110-130 r/min in the crystallization process, filtering out solid crystals after the reaction is finished, cleaning the solid crystals for 1-2 times by using the dehydrating agent, and drying the solid crystals by using vacuum filtration;
(7) and (3) drying: and (4) drying the solid crystals obtained in the step (6) at 40-50 ℃ under a vacuum drying condition to constant weight, and taking out the dried solid crystals to obtain the clean tetraammine palladium dichloride solid crystal salt.
Further, the dosage ratio of the palladium sheet or the palladium powder to the aqua regia in the step (1) is 1g: 4-6 mL.
Further, the soaking temperature in the step (1) is 85-95 ℃, so that the dissolving rate of the palladium sheet or palladium powder in the aqua regia can be effectively improved.
Further, the nitre is removed in the step (2) until no red brown gas exists, so that the nitre in the solution system can be removed more completely, and basic conditions are created for the ammonia water complexing operation in the step (3).
Further, the stirring speed in the step (3) is 100-120 r/min, the complexing efficiency of palladium is guaranteed, meanwhile, the complexing of impurity metals is reduced, and the impurity metals are removed after being precipitated into solids.
Further, the temperature of the cooled solution in the step (4) is 20-25 ℃, the temperature of the 1% hydrochloric acid solution is 20-25 ℃, and the dissolution rate of the palladium yellow is reduced while impurity metals are removed.
Furthermore, the dehydrating agent in the step (6) is absolute ethyl alcohol, the operation temperature in the dehydrating and crystallizing process is 20-25 ℃, the traditional evaporative crystallization mode can be replaced, the crystallization purity is guaranteed, and the stability and yield of the product are improved.
Further, in the step (7), the vacuum drying temperature is 43-48 ℃, the vacuum negative pressure value is 0.08-0.1 Mpa, and the product quality can be effectively improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the product is obtained by adding the dehydrating agent for crystallization, so that excessive deamination and dehydration of the product in the evaporation and concentration process in the traditional preparation process are avoided, the dehydrating agent is added at room temperature without heating and concentrating, the production process can be simplified, and the purity and yield of the product are improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of a preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystals comprises the following steps:
(1) acid leaching and dissolving: mixing palladium sheets or palladium powder with aqua regia according to the ratio of 1g: 4mL of the mixture is soaked for 90min at 70 ℃;
(2) nitrate removal by hydrochloric acid: heating and concentrating the solution in the step (1) in a reaction kettle to 1/2 with the original volume, heating the solution under boiling condition while dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 30% until no reddish brown gas is generated, stopping heating, and cooling to 75 ℃;
(3) ammonia water complexation, namely slowly dropwise adding 25% ammonia water into the solution in the step (2) until the pH value of the solution system is 8, and stopping adding the ammonia water; stirring the ammonia water at a constant speed in the dropwise adding process, wherein the stirring speed is 100r/min, standing and cooling to 20 ℃ after the reaction is finished, filtering out insoluble impurities, washing filter residues with pure water until the pH value of the filtrate is 6, and recovering the filter residues;
(4) acidifying: dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 30% into the filtrate obtained by filtering in the step (3), stopping adding the concentrated hydrochloric acid after the concentrated hydrochloric acid is dropwise added to a solution system PH (1), cooling and filtering, cooling to the temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain palladium yellow (diammine-palladium dichloride), washing the palladium yellow 1 time by using a 1% hydrochloric acid solution with the temperature of 20 ℃, then washing the palladium yellow 2 times by using DI water, and performing wastewater treatment on the filtered filtrate;
(5) dissolving ammonia water: transferring the palladium yellow obtained by filtering in the step (4) into a conversion tank, dropwise adding 25% ammonia water to completely dissolve the palladium yellow, and cooling to 25 ℃;
(6) dehydrating and crystallizing: adding the solution obtained in the step (5) according to the ratio of Pd: 1, dehydrating agent: 3, adding a dehydrating agent (absolute ethyl alcohol) according to the proportion to perform dehydration crystallization, wherein the operation temperature in the dehydration crystallization process is 20 ℃, the crystallization process is kept at a constant stirring speed for 110r/min, filtering solid crystals after the reaction is finished, cleaning the solid crystals for 2 times by using the dehydrating agent, drying the solid crystals by using vacuum filtration, and performing wastewater treatment on the filtered filtrate;
(7) and (3) drying: and (3) drying the solid crystal obtained in the step (6) at 40 ℃ under a vacuum drying condition, wherein the vacuum negative pressure value is 0.08Mpa, drying to constant weight, and taking out to obtain the clean tetraammine palladium dichloride solid crystal salt. The yield was 93%. The elemental composition analysis of the product is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 elemental composition analysis of the product of example 1
The product Wt% Pd Cl N H O
Theoretical value 40.41 26.927 21.269 5.317 6.077
Detection value 40.315 26.897 21.239 5.397 6.105
Example 2
A preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystals comprises the following steps:
(1) acid leaching and dissolving: mixing palladium sheets or palladium powder with aqua regia according to the ratio of 1g: soaking 5mL of the mixture at 90 ℃ for 75 min;
(2) nitrate removal by hydrochloric acid: heating and concentrating the solution in the step (1) in a reaction kettle to 1/2 with the original volume, heating the solution under boiling condition while dropwise adding 33% concentrated hydrochloric acid until no reddish brown gas is generated, stopping heating, and cooling to 80 ℃;
(3) ammonia water complexation, namely slowly dropwise adding ammonia water with the concentration of 26% into the solution obtained in the step (2) until the pH value of the solution system is 8, and stopping adding the ammonia water; stirring the ammonia water at a constant speed in the dropwise adding process, wherein the stirring speed is 110r/min, standing and cooling to 25 ℃ after the reaction is finished, filtering out insoluble impurities, washing filter residues with pure water until the pH value of the filtrate is 6, and recovering the filter residues;
(4) acidifying: dropwise adding 33% concentrated hydrochloric acid into the filtrate obtained by filtering in the step (3), stopping adding the concentrated hydrochloric acid after the concentrated hydrochloric acid is dropwise added until the pH value of a solution system is 1, cooling and filtering, wherein the temperature is 23 ℃ after cooling to obtain palladium yellow (diammine-palladium dichloride), washing the palladium yellow for 2 times by using a 1% hydrochloric acid solution at the temperature of 23 ℃, then washing the palladium yellow for 1 time by using DI water, and performing wastewater treatment on the filtered filtrate;
(5) dissolving ammonia water: transferring the palladium yellow obtained by filtering in the step (4) into a conversion tank, dropwise adding 26% ammonia water to completely dissolve the palladium yellow, and cooling to 28 ℃;
(6) dehydrating and crystallizing: adding the solution obtained in the step (5) according to the ratio of Pd: 1, dehydrating agent: 4, adding a dehydrating agent (absolute ethyl alcohol) according to the proportion to perform dehydration crystallization, wherein the operation temperature in the dehydration crystallization process is 23 ℃, the crystallization process is kept at a constant stirring speed for 120r/min, filtering solid crystals after the reaction is finished, cleaning the solid crystals for 1 time by using the dehydrating agent, drying the solid crystals by using vacuum filtration, and performing wastewater treatment on the filtered filtrate;
(7) and (3) drying: and (3) drying the solid crystal obtained in the step (6) at the temperature of 45 ℃ under the vacuum drying condition, wherein the vacuum negative pressure value is 0.09Mpa, drying to constant weight, and taking out to obtain the clean tetraammine palladium dichloride solid crystal salt with the yield of 95%. The elemental composition analysis of the product is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 elemental composition analysis of the product of example 2
Figure BDA0002211539920000061
Figure BDA0002211539920000071
Example 3
A preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystals comprises the following steps:
(1) acid leaching and dissolving: mixing palladium sheets or palladium powder with aqua regia according to the ratio of 1g: soaking 6mL of the mixture at 110 ℃ for 60 min;
(2) nitrate removal by hydrochloric acid: heating and concentrating the solution in the step (1) in a reaction kettle to 1/2 with the original volume, heating the solution under boiling condition while dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 36% until no reddish brown gas is generated, stopping heating, and cooling to 85 ℃;
(3) ammonia water complexation, namely slowly dropwise adding ammonia water with the concentration of 28% into the solution obtained in the step (2) until the pH value of the solution system is 9, and stopping adding the ammonia water; stirring the ammonia water at a constant speed in the dropwise adding process, wherein the stirring speed is 120r/min, standing and cooling to 30 ℃ after the reaction is finished, filtering out insoluble impurities, washing filter residues with pure water until the pH value of the filtrate is 7, and recovering the filter residues;
(4) acidifying: dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 36% into the filtrate obtained by filtering in the step (3), stopping adding the concentrated hydrochloric acid after the concentrated hydrochloric acid is dropwise added to a solution system PH (potential of hydrogen) 2, cooling and filtering, wherein the temperature is 25 ℃ after cooling to obtain palladium yellow (diammine palladium dichloride), washing the palladium yellow for 2 times by using a 1% hydrochloric acid solution with the temperature of 25 ℃, then washing the palladium yellow for 2 times by using DI (deionized) water, and performing wastewater treatment on the filtered filtrate;
(5) dissolving ammonia water: transferring the palladium yellow obtained by filtering in the step (4) into a conversion tank, dropwise adding 28% ammonia water to completely dissolve the palladium yellow, and cooling to 30 ℃;
(6) dehydrating and crystallizing: adding the solution obtained in the step (5) according to the ratio of Pd: 1, dehydrating agent: 5, adding a dehydrating agent (absolute ethyl alcohol) in a ratio to perform dehydration crystallization, wherein the operation temperature in the dehydration crystallization process is 25 ℃, the crystallization process is kept at a constant stirring speed for 130r/min, filtering solid crystals after the reaction is finished, cleaning the solid crystals for 2 times by using the dehydrating agent, drying the solid crystals by using vacuum filtration, and performing wastewater treatment on the filtered filtrate;
(7) and (3) drying: and (3) drying the solid crystal obtained in the step (6) at 50 ℃ under a vacuum drying condition, wherein the vacuum negative pressure value is 0.1Mpa, drying to constant weight, and taking out to obtain clean tetraamminepalladium dichloride solid crystal salt with the yield of 94%. The elemental composition analysis of the product is shown in Table 3.
Table 3 elemental composition analysis of the product of example 3
The product Wt% Pd Cl N H O
Theoretical value 40.41 26.927 21.269 5.317 6.077
Detection value 40.325 26.883 21.245 5.417 6.120
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystals comprises the following steps:
(1) acid leaching and dissolving: mixing palladium sheets or palladium powder with aqua regia according to the ratio of 1g: soaking 8mL of the mixture at 120 ℃ for 50 min;
(2) nitrate removal by hydrochloric acid: heating and concentrating the solution in the step (1) in a reaction kettle to 1/2 with the original volume, heating the solution under boiling condition while dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 25% until no reddish brown gas is generated, stopping heating, and cooling to 90 ℃;
(3) ammonia water complexation, namely slowly dropwise adding ammonia water with the concentration of 30% into the solution obtained in the step (2) until the pH value of the solution system is 7, and stopping adding the ammonia water; stirring the ammonia water at a constant speed in the dropwise adding process, wherein the stirring speed is 90r/min, standing and cooling to 33 ℃ after the reaction is finished, filtering out insoluble impurities, washing filter residues with pure water until the pH value of the filtrate is 5, and recovering the filter residues;
(4) acidifying: dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 26% into the filtrate obtained by filtering in the step (3), stopping adding the concentrated hydrochloric acid after the concentrated hydrochloric acid is dropwise added to a solution system PH (potential of hydrogen) of 3, cooling and filtering, wherein the temperature is 28 ℃ after cooling to obtain palladium yellow (diammine-palladium dichloride), washing the palladium yellow 3 times by using a 2% hydrochloric acid solution with the temperature of 28 ℃, then washing the palladium yellow 3 times by using DI water, and performing wastewater treatment on the filtered filtrate;
(5) dissolving ammonia water: transferring the palladium yellow obtained by filtering in the step (4) into a conversion tank, dropwise adding 23% ammonia water to completely dissolve the palladium yellow, and cooling to 23 ℃;
(6) dehydrating and crystallizing: adding the solution obtained in the step (5) according to the ratio of Pd: 1, dehydrating agent: 6, adding a dehydrating agent (absolute ethyl alcohol) according to the proportion to perform dehydration crystallization, wherein the operation temperature in the dehydration crystallization process is 25 ℃, the crystallization process is kept at a constant stirring speed for 100r/min, filtering solid crystals after the reaction is finished, cleaning the solid crystals for 2 times by using the dehydrating agent, drying the solid crystals by using vacuum filtration, and performing wastewater treatment on the filtered filtrate;
(7) and (3) drying: and (3) drying the solid crystal obtained in the step (6) at 55 ℃ under a vacuum drying condition until the weight is constant, and taking out the dried solid crystal to obtain the clean tetraamminepalladium dichloride solid crystal salt with the yield of 85%. The elemental composition analysis of the product is shown in Table 4.
Table 4 elemental composition analysis of the product of comparative example 1
The product Wt% Pd Cl N H O
Theoretical value 40.41 26.927 21.269 5.317 6.077
Detection value 40.225 26.788 21.155 5.518 6.221
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystals comprises the following steps:
(1) acid leaching and dissolving: mixing palladium sheets or palladium powder with aqua regia according to the ratio of 1g: soaking 7mL of the mixture at 50 ℃ for 100 min;
(2) nitrate removal by hydrochloric acid: dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 28% into the solution obtained in the step (1) in a reaction kettle until no reddish brown gas is generated;
(3) ammonia water complexation, namely slowly dropwise adding 23% ammonia water into the solution in the step (2) until the pH value of the solution system is 7, and stopping adding the ammonia water; stirring the ammonia water at a constant speed in the dropwise adding process, wherein the stirring speed is 90r/min, standing and cooling to 23 ℃ after the reaction is finished, filtering out insoluble impurities, washing filter residues with pure water until the pH value of the filtrate is 6, and recovering the filter residues;
(4) acidifying: dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 38% into the filtrate obtained by filtering in the step (3), stopping adding the concentrated hydrochloric acid after the solution system PH is 3, cooling and filtering, wherein the temperature after cooling is 28 ℃ to obtain palladium yellow (diammine-palladium dichloride), washing the palladium yellow for 2 times by using DI water, and treating the filtered filtrate with wastewater;
(5) dissolving ammonia water: transferring the palladium yellow obtained by filtering in the step (4) into a conversion tank, dropwise adding 28% ammonia water to completely dissolve the palladium yellow, and cooling to 23 ℃;
(6) heating, evaporating and crystallizing: putting the solution obtained in the step (5) into a reaction kettle, heating to 60 ℃, heating while stirring for evaporation crystallization, and screening out solid crystals after the reaction is finished;
(7) and (3) drying: and (3) drying the solid crystal obtained in the step (6) at 55 ℃ under a vacuum drying condition to constant weight, and taking out to obtain clean tetraamminepalladium dichloride solid crystal salt with the yield of 83%. The elemental composition analysis of the product is shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 elemental composition analysis of the product of comparative example 2
The product Wt% Pd Cl N H O
Theoretical value 40.41 26.927 21.269 5.317 6.077
Detection value 40.125 26.623 21.115 5.613 6.331
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) acid leaching and dissolving: soaking the palladium sheet or palladium powder in aqua regia at 70-110 ℃ for 60-90 min;
(2) nitrate removal by hydrochloric acid: heating and concentrating the solution obtained in the step (1) in a reaction kettle to 1/2 with the original volume, dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 30-36% under the boiling condition, heating until no reddish brown gas is generated, stopping heating, and cooling to 75-85 ℃;
(3) ammonia water complexation, namely slowly dropwise adding 25-28% ammonia water into the solution obtained in the step (2) until the pH value of the solution system is 8-9, and stopping adding the ammonia water; stirring at a constant speed in the ammonia water dropping process, standing and cooling to 20-30 ℃ after the reaction is finished, filtering out insoluble impurities, and washing filter residues with pure water until the pH value of the filtrate is 6-7;
(4) acidifying: dropwise adding concentrated hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 30% -36% into the filtrate obtained by filtering in the step (3), stopping adding the concentrated hydrochloric acid after the solution system PH is 1-2, cooling and filtering to obtain palladium yellow, cleaning the palladium yellow for 1-2 times by using a 1% hydrochloric acid solution, and cleaning the palladium yellow for 1-2 times by using DI water;
(5) dissolving ammonia water: transferring the palladium yellow obtained by filtering in the step (4) into a conversion tank, dropwise adding 25-28% ammonia water to completely dissolve the palladium yellow, and cooling to 25-30 ℃;
(6) dehydrating and crystallizing: adding the solution obtained in the step (5) according to the ratio of Pd: 1, dehydrating agent: adding a dehydrating agent in a ratio of 3-5 for dehydrating and crystallizing, keeping stirring at a constant speed for 110-130 r/min in the crystallization process, filtering out solid crystals after the reaction is finished, cleaning the solid crystals for 1-2 times by using the dehydrating agent, and drying the solid crystals by using vacuum filtration;
(7) and (3) drying: and (4) drying the solid crystals obtained in the step (6) at 40-50 ℃ under a vacuum drying condition to constant weight, and taking out the dried solid crystals to obtain the clean tetraammine palladium dichloride solid crystal salt.
2. The method for preparing palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal according to claim 1, wherein the dosage ratio of the palladium sheet or palladium powder and aqua regia in step (1) is 1g: 4-6 mL.
3. The method for preparing palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal according to claim 2, wherein the soaking temperature in the step (1) is 85-95 ℃.
4. The method for preparing palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that nitrate is removed in step (2) until no red brown gas is generated.
5. The method for preparing palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stirring speed in the step (3) is 100 to 120 r/min.
6. The method for preparing palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature after cooling in step (4) is 20 to 25 ℃, and the temperature of 1% hydrochloric acid solution is 20 to 25 ℃.
7. The method for preparing palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the dehydrating agent in step (6) is absolute ethyl alcohol, and the operation temperature in the dehydrating and crystallizing process is 20-25 ℃.
8. The method for preparing palladium tetraammine dichloride solid crystal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vacuum drying temperature in the step (7) is 43-48 ℃, and the vacuum negative pressure value is 0.08-0.1 Mpa.
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