CN110772985A

CN110772985A - Catalyst loader and denitration reaction equipment with same

Info

Publication number: CN110772985A
Application number: CN201911129595.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 戴旭建; 邓跃云
Original assignee: Hunan Job Energy Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Job Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-18
Filing date: 2019-11-18
Publication date: 2020-02-11
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-18

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of catalyst loaders, and particularly provides a catalyst loader and denitration reaction equipment with the catalyst loader, aiming at solving the problems that the capacity of a catalyst filling container in the existing denitration reaction equipment is fixed, and the filling amount of a catalyst and the contact area of the catalyst and a gas to be reacted cannot be adjusted according to the concentration of the reaction gas. For the purpose, the catalyst loader comprises a first cylinder body, wherein an end plate is fixed at the first end of the first cylinder body, an opening is formed in the middle of the end plate, a sliding plate in sliding fit with the inner wall of the first cylinder body is arranged in the first cylinder body, a second cylinder body and a third cylinder body are nested between the end plate and the sliding plate, the first end of the second cylinder body is fixedly connected with the edge of the opening, the first end of the third cylinder body is fixedly connected with the sliding plate, the first cylinder body, the second cylinder body and the third cylinder body are all in a mesh structure, and a first catalyst loading space is surrounded by the end plate, the sliding plate, the first cylinder body, the second cylinder body and the third.

Description

Catalyst loader and denitration reaction equipment with same

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of catalyst loaders, and particularly provides a catalyst loader and denitration reaction equipment with the same.

Background

Flue gas discharged by thermal power plants, smelting plants, industrial boilers and the like contains a large amount of NOx, and is a main pollutant for generating acid rain in the atmosphere. Generally, the discharged flue gas and ammonia gas are introduced into a denitration reaction device, and the ammonia gas and NOx in the flue gas are subjected to a reduction reaction under the catalytic action of a catalyst to generate nitrogen and water to be discharged. However, the traditional catalyst is of a honeycomb structure, and the air speed ratio of the honeycomb structure catalyst is 2500-3000h ^-1The volume ratio is large. Due to the influence of the catalyst material and process, the honeycomb catalyst is brittle in texture and is easily damaged during transportation and loading.

In view of this, particulate catalysts have been developed, the space velocity ratio of which is typically 6500-9000h ^-1Compared with honeycomb catalyst, the volume ratio is greatly reduced. However, during use, the particulate catalyst is packed in a fixed-capacity container of the denitration reactor, the contact area of the particulate catalyst with the gas to be reacted is fixed, and the packing amount of the particulate catalyst and the contact area of the particulate catalyst with the gas to be reacted cannot be adjusted according to the concentration of the reaction gas.

Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a new solution to the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, that is, to solve the problems that the capacity of the catalyst-filled container in the prior denitration reactor is fixed, and the filling amount of the catalyst and the contact area of the catalyst and the gas to be reacted cannot be adjusted according to the concentration of the gas, in one aspect, the present invention provides a catalyst loader, which comprises a first cylinder, wherein an end plate is fixed at a first end of the first cylinder, an opening is formed in the middle of the end plate, a sliding plate which is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the first cylinder is arranged in the first cylinder, a second cylinder and a third cylinder which are nested are arranged between the end plate and the sliding plate, the first end of the second cylinder is fixedly connected with the edge of the opening, the first end of the third cylinder is fixedly connected with the sliding plate, and the first cylinder, the second cylinder and the third cylinder are all in mesh structure, the end plate, the sliding plate, the first cylinder, the second cylinder and the third cylinder enclose a first catalyst loading space.

In the preferable technical scheme of the catalyst loader, the third cylinder is sleeved on the outer side of the second cylinder or the second cylinder is sleeved on the outer side of the third cylinder.

In a preferred embodiment of the catalyst loader, at least one filling port is provided in a region of the slide plate corresponding to the first catalyst loading space.

In a preferred embodiment of the catalyst loader, an area of the sliding plate corresponding to the inside of the third cylinder is a mesh structure, and a space between the second end of the first cylinder and the sliding plate forms a second catalyst loading space.

In a preferred embodiment of the catalyst loader, the second end of the second cylinder and/or the second end of the third cylinder are provided with a reinforcing ring.

In a preferred embodiment of the catalyst loader, the first cylinder, the second cylinder, and the third cylinder have the same cross-sectional shape.

In a preferred embodiment of the catalyst loader, the first cylinder, the second cylinder, and the third cylinder are coaxially disposed.

In the preferable technical scheme of the catalyst loader, the distance between the inner wall of the first cylinder and the outer wall of the second cylinder is 50-80 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the catalyst loader, the mesh structure is a porous plate structure or a mesh structure.

The catalyst loader comprises a first cylinder, an end plate is fixed at the first end of the first cylinder, an opening is formed in the middle of the end plate, a sliding plate in sliding fit with the inner wall of the first cylinder is arranged in the first cylinder, a second cylinder and a third cylinder are nested between the end plate and the sliding plate, the first end of the second cylinder is fixedly connected with the edge of the opening, the first end of the third cylinder is fixedly connected with the sliding plate, the first cylinder, the second cylinder and the third cylinder are all in a mesh structure, and a first catalyst loading space is defined by the end plate, the sliding plate, the first cylinder, the second cylinder and the third cylinder. The third cylinder and the slide plate slide together relative to the first cylinder and the second cylinder, so that the volume of the first catalyst-loading space is changed while the contact area of the particulate catalyst loaded in the catalyst loader with the reaction gas is changed. Through the catalyst loader, the size of the first catalyst loading space in the catalyst loader can be adjusted according to the concentration of the gas required by the reaction equipment to carry out denitration reaction, so that the amount of the catalyst required by reaction of reaction gases with different concentrations and the contact area of the catalyst and the reaction gases are met, and the reaction efficiency is improved.

On the other hand, the invention also provides denitration reaction equipment which comprises a shell, wherein a reaction cavity is formed in the shell, an inlet and an outlet are formed in the shell, the catalyst loader in any one of the above modes is arranged in the reaction cavity, and the opening is connected with the inlet or the outlet. It should be noted that, the denitration reaction device has all the technical effects of the catalyst loader, and the details are not repeated herein.

Drawings

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a denitration reaction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a denitration reaction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic half-sectional view of a catalyst loader in the denitration reaction device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

List of reference numerals:

1. a housing; 11. a housing; 111. an outer layer structure; 112. an inner layer structure; 12. an inner shell; 131. a first cavity; 132. a second cavity; 2. a feed channel; 3. a discharge channel; 4. an explosion-proof type electric heater; 5. a temperature sensor; 6. a pressure sensor; 7. a partition plate; 71. mounting holes; 8. a catalyst loader; 81. a first cylinder; 82. a second cylinder; 83. a third cylinder; 84. an end plate; 841. an opening; 85. a sliding plate; 851. a fill port; 86. a first catalyst loading space; 87. a second catalyst loading space; 88. a reinforcement ring.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For example, although the present invention has been described in connection with a catalyst loader of a denitration reactor, it can be modified as needed by those skilled in the art to suit the particular application, and the catalyst loader of the present invention can also be applied to a desulfurization reactor or other suitable reactors. Obviously, the technical solution after adjustment still falls into the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms of direction or positional relationship indicated by the terms "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In addition, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, or through the communication between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Furthermore, in the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. In some embodiments, methods, means, elements and circuits that are well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.

Based on the problems that the capacity of a catalyst filling container in the existing denitration reaction equipment is fixed and the filling amount of a catalyst and the contact area of the catalyst and a gas to be reacted cannot be adjusted according to the concentration of the gas to be reacted, the invention provides a catalyst loader which comprises a first cylinder body, wherein an end plate is fixed at the first end of the first cylinder body, an opening is formed in the middle of the end plate, a sliding plate in sliding fit with the inner wall of the first cylinder body is arranged in the first cylinder body, a second cylinder body and a third cylinder body which are nested are arranged between the end plate and the sliding plate, the first end of the second cylinder body is fixedly connected with the edge of the opening, the first end of the third cylinder body is fixedly connected with the sliding plate, the first cylinder body, the second cylinder body and the third cylinder body are all in a mesh structure, and the end plate, the sliding plate, the first cylinder body, the. The third cylinder and the slide plate are slidable relative to the first cylinder and the second cylinder, so that the volume of the first catalyst-loading space is changed, and the contact area between the particulate catalyst loaded in the catalyst loader and the reaction gas is changed. In the use process, the size of the first catalyst loading space in the catalyst loader can be adjusted according to the concentration of the gas needing denitration reaction in the reaction equipment, so that the catalyst with the amount corresponding to the gas to be reacted is loaded, the contact area of the catalyst and the reaction gas is in a proper range, and the reaction efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the gas passing sectional area of the reaction gas is changed, and the gas passing time (such as about 0.8 second, 1.5 seconds and the like) of the mixed flue gas and ammonia gas passing through the reaction layer of the catalyst is changed under the condition that the amount of the flue gas to be treated is relatively constant, so that the reaction efficiency is improved.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a denitration reaction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a denitration reaction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic half-sectional view of a catalyst loader in the denitration reaction device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in a specific embodiment, the denitration reactor includes a casing 1, and the casing 1 includes an outer casing 11 and an inner casing 12. The outer shell 11 includes an outer layer structure 111 and an inner layer structure 112, and a heat insulation layer (not shown in the figure) is disposed between the outer layer structure 111 and the inner layer structure 112, and specifically, the heat insulation layer is a heat insulation material layer filled between the outer layer structure 111 and the inner layer structure 112, such as a rock wool layer, or a ceramic filler layer or a high temperature glass fiber layer. A reaction chamber is formed in the inner shell 12, a partition 7 is disposed in the reaction chamber, and the reaction chamber is divided into an upper first chamber 131 and a lower second chamber 132 by the partition 7. A feed passage 2 is formed between the outer shell 11 and the inner shell 12, one end of the feed passage 2 communicates with the outside, and the other end of the feed passage 2 communicates with the first cavity 131. The shell 1 is further provided with a discharge channel 3 penetrating through the outer shell 11 and the inner shell 12, one end of the discharge channel 3 is communicated with the second cavity 132, and the other end of the discharge channel 3 is communicated with the outside. The partition plate 7 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes 71, and a catalyst loader 8 is mounted at each mounting hole 71. The case 1 is provided with 4 explosion-proof electric heaters 4 externally inserted into the

second cavity

132, 1 temperature sensor 5 externally inserted into the

second cavity

132, and 2 pressure sensors 6 externally inserted into the second cavity 132. In use, the explosion-proof electric heater 4 is used for heating the granular catalyst filled in the catalyst loader 8 to improve the activity of the catalyst, and the temperature sensor 5 and the pressure sensor 6 are respectively used for detecting the temperature and the pressure in the reaction cavity. The denitration reaction apparatus further includes a controller (not shown in the figure) that controls the power of the explosion-proof type electric heater 4 based on the data detected by the temperature sensor 5. The shape of the catalyst particles may be granular, columnar, trilobal, annular, or the like.

As shown in fig. 3, the catalyst loader 8 includes a first cylinder 81 having a circular cross section, an end plate 84 is fixed to a lower end of the first cylinder 81, an opening 841 is formed in a middle portion of the end plate 84, a sliding plate 85 slidably fitted to an inner wall of the first cylinder 81 is provided in the first cylinder 81, a second cylinder 82 and a third cylinder 83 having a circular cross section are provided between the end plate 84 and the sliding plate 85 in a nested manner, a lower end of the second cylinder 82 is fixedly connected to an edge of the opening 841, an upper end of the third cylinder 83 is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 85, the third cylinder 83 is sleeved outside the second cylinder 82, and the first cylinder 81, the second cylinder 82 and the third cylinder 83 are coaxially disposed. The first cylinder 81, the second cylinder 82, and the third cylinder 83 are all mesh structures, 4 filling ports 851 are provided in a region of the sliding plate 85 corresponding to the first catalyst loading space 96, and a region of the sliding plate 85 corresponding to the inside of the third cylinder 83 is mesh structures. For example, the first cylinder 81, the second cylinder 82, and the third cylinder 83 are made of porous plates, and the sliding plate 85 is made of porous plates in the region corresponding to the inside of the third cylinder 83. It is understood that the first cylinder 81, the second cylinder 82 and the third cylinder 83 may be made of metal mesh, and the area of the movable plate 85 corresponding to the inside of the third cylinder 83 is made of metal mesh. The pore diameter of the pore plate structure or the mesh structure is smaller than the particle diameter of the particulate catalyst. The end plate 84, the slide plate 85, the first cylinder 81, the second cylinder 82, and the third cylinder 83 enclose a first catalyst loading space 86, and a space between the upper end of the first cylinder 81 and the slide plate 85 forms a second catalyst loading space 87. In the mounted state, the opening 841 in the middle of the end plate 84 is fixedly connected to the mounting hole 71 in the partition 7. Preferably, the distance between the inner wall of the first cylinder 81 and the outer wall of the second cylinder 82 is 50-80 mm.

In use, the sliding plate 85 and the third cylinder 83 are first moved up and down according to the concentration of the reaction gas to adjust the volume of the first catalyst loading space 86. Then, the first catalyst loading space 86 is filled with the particulate catalyst through the filling port 851, and the second catalyst loading space 87 is filled with a predetermined amount of the particulate catalyst. Preferably, the thickness of the catalyst layer filled in the second catalyst loading space 87 is 50 to 80 mm. The catalyst loader 8 filled with the particulate catalyst is mounted to the mounting hole 71 on the partition plate 7. The ammonia gas and the flue gas containing a large amount of NOx are mixed and introduced from the left end (in the orientation shown in fig. 2) of the feed channel 2, after which the mixed gas flows upward between the outer shell 11 and the inner shell 12 and finally enters the first chamber 131 from the upper part of the inner shell 12. A part of the mixed gas in the first cavity 131 enters the first catalyst loading space 86 from the outer side of the first shell 81 along the radial direction, flows through the catalyst, enters the interior of the second cylinder 82, and finally enters the second cavity 132 from the opening 841; another part of the mixed gas in the first chamber 131 enters the second catalyst loading space 87 of the catalyst loader 8, flows through the catalyst and the sliding plate 85 from top to bottom along the axial direction of the first cylinder 81, enters the second cylinder 82, and finally enters the second chamber 132 through the opening 841. In the process that the mixed gas flows through the catalyst, under the catalytic action of the catalyst, NOx in the flue gas and ammonia gas undergo a reduction reaction to generate nitrogen gas and water, and the reacted mixed gas enters the second cavity 132 and is discharged through the discharge channel 3.

The first cylinder 81, the second cylinder 82 and the third cylinder 83 have the same cross section and are coaxially arranged, so that the radial dimension of the first cylinder 81 is the same at each position of the first catalyst loading space 86, and the mixed gas contacts with a catalyst layer with the same thickness in the process of entering the first catalyst loading space 86 from different positions outside the first shell 81 along the radial direction and flowing through the catalyst, thereby ensuring the catalytic effect of the catalyst. The distance between the inner wall of the first cylinder 81 and the outer wall of the second cylinder 82 is set to be 50-80 mm, the thickness of the catalyst layer filled in the second catalyst loading space 87 is 50-80 mm, the contact area of the mixed gas and the catalyst is ensured, the phenomenon that the mixed gas flows through the catalyst due to overlarge resistance is avoided, and the gas passing pressure head is reduced. The area of the sliding plate 85 corresponding to the inside of the third cylinder 83 is a mesh structure, and a space between the upper end of the first cylinder 81 and the sliding plate 85 forms a second catalyst loading space 87, so that the contact area of the mixed gas and the catalyst is increased, the reaction efficiency is improved, and the mixed gas is ensured to fully react.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the number of the filling ports 851 provided to the area of the sliding plate 85 corresponding to the first catalyst loading space 96 is 4 only as an exemplary description, and those skilled in the art can adjust it as necessary, for example, the number of the filling ports 851 may be 1, 2, 3, etc. The shape and size of the filling opening 851 are not limited, and may be square, circular, annular, or the like. In one possible embodiment, the sliding plate 85 may not be provided with the filling port 851. The sliding plate 85 and the third cylinder 83 are detachably connected, and the first catalyst loading space 86 is filled with the catalyst after the sliding plate 85 is removed. In addition, the third cylinder 83 is only a specific embodiment and can be adjusted by those skilled in the art as required, for example, the second cylinder 82 is sleeved outside the third cylinder 83.

Moreover, the first, second and third cylinders 81, 82, 83 have the same cross-sectional shape and are coaxially arranged only in a preferred embodiment, and can be adjusted as desired by those skilled in the art, such as in a possible embodiment, the first, second and third cylinders 81, 82, 83 have the same cross-sectional shape, such as circular, and the second and third cylinders 82, 83 are coaxial but not coaxial with the first cylinder 81; in a possible embodiment, the cross-sectional shapes of the first cylinder 81, the second cylinder 82 and the third cylinder 83 are different, the cross-sectional shapes of the first cylinder 81 and the third cylinder 83 are circular, the cross-sectional shape of the second cylinder 82 is equilateral triangle, square, regular pentagon, etc., and the first cylinder 81, the second cylinder 82 and the third cylinder 83 are coaxially arranged.

In a possible embodiment, the sliding plate 85 is not provided with a mesh structure in a region corresponding to the inside of the third cylinder 83, the sliding plate 85 is a solid plate in a region corresponding to the inside of the third cylinder 83, and only the first catalyst loading space 86 for loading the catalyst is provided in the catalyst loader 8.

With continued reference to FIG. 3, the lower end of the third cylinder 83 is preferably provided with a reinforcement ring 88. By providing the reinforcing ring 88 at the lower end of the third cylinder 83, it is possible to prevent the lower end of the third cylinder 83 from being deformed by heat, which may cause a large friction force or a jam between the third cylinder 83 and the second cylinder 82 due to the squeezing, and thus may affect the movement of the third cylinder 83 relative to the second cylinder 82. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that a reinforcing ring may be provided at the upper end of the second cylinder 82, or both the upper end of the second cylinder 82 and the lower end of the third cylinder 83.

In another aspect, the invention provides a denitration reaction device, which comprises a shell, wherein a reaction cavity is formed in the shell, an inlet and an outlet are formed in the shell, and any one of the catalyst loader is arranged in the reaction cavity. An opening 841 in the catalyst loader 8 is connected to an inlet in the housing. The mixed gas flows from the opening 841 into the second cylinder 82, then flows through the catalyst into the reaction chamber, and finally flows out of the outlet on the housing. In another possible embodiment, the opening 841 in the catalyst loader 8 is connected to an outlet in the housing, and the mixed gas entering the reaction chamber flows through the catalyst into the second cylinder 82 and finally out of the outlet in the housing through the opening 841.

As can be seen from the above description, in the technical solution of the present invention, the catalyst loader includes a first cylinder, an end plate is fixed to a first end of the first cylinder, an opening is formed in the middle of the end plate, a sliding plate slidably engaged with an inner wall of the first cylinder is disposed in the first cylinder, a second cylinder and a third cylinder are disposed between the end plate and the sliding plate, a first end of the second cylinder is fixedly connected to an edge of the opening, a first end of the third cylinder is fixedly connected to the sliding plate, the first cylinder, the second cylinder and the third cylinder are all in a mesh structure, and a first catalyst loading space is surrounded by the end plate, the sliding plate, the first cylinder, the second cylinder and the third cylinder. The third cylinder and the slide plate slide together relative to the first cylinder and the second cylinder, so that the volume of the first catalyst-loading space is changed while the contact area of the particulate catalyst loaded in the catalyst loader with the reaction gas is changed. Through the catalyst loader, the size of the first catalyst loading space in the catalyst loader can be adjusted according to the concentration of the gas required by the reaction equipment to carry out denitration reaction, so that the amount of the catalyst required by reaction of reaction gases with different concentrations and the contact area of the catalyst and the reaction gases are met, and the reaction efficiency is improved.

So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The catalyst loader is characterized by comprising a first cylinder body, wherein an end plate is fixed at the first end of the first cylinder body, an opening is formed in the middle of the end plate, a sliding plate in sliding fit with the inner wall of the first cylinder body is arranged in the first cylinder body, a second cylinder body and a third cylinder body are arranged between the end plate and the sliding plate in a nested mode, the first end of the second cylinder body is fixedly connected with the edge of the opening, the first end of the third cylinder body is fixedly connected with the sliding plate, the first cylinder body, the second cylinder body and the third cylinder body are of mesh structures, and a first catalyst loading space is defined by the end plate, the sliding plate, the first cylinder body, the second cylinder body and the third cylinder body.

2. The catalyst loader of claim 1, wherein the third cylinder is sleeved outside the second cylinder or the second cylinder is sleeved outside the third cylinder.

3. The catalyst loader of claim 2, wherein the area of the slide plate corresponding to the first catalyst loading space is provided with at least one fill port.

4. The catalyst loader of claim 3 wherein the area of the slide plate corresponding to the inside of the third cylinder is a mesh structure,

the space between the second end of the first cylinder and the slide plate forms a second catalyst loading space.

5. The catalyst loader of claim 4, wherein the second end of the second cylinder and/or the second end of the third cylinder is provided with a stiffening ring.

6. The catalyst loader of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the first cylinder, the second cylinder, and the third cylinder are the same.

7. The catalyst loader of claim 6, wherein the first cylinder, the second cylinder, and the third cylinder are coaxially disposed.

8. The catalyst loader of claim 7, wherein the distance between the inner wall of the first cylinder and the outer wall of the second cylinder is 50-80 mm.

9. The catalyst loader of claim 8, wherein the mesh structure is a perforated plate structure or a mesh structure.

10. A denitration reactor, comprising a housing, a reaction chamber formed in the housing, and an inlet and an outlet formed on the housing, wherein the catalyst loader of any one of claims 1 to 9 is disposed in the reaction chamber, and the opening is connected to the inlet or the outlet.