CN110769561A - LED step dimming method of noninvasive pulse oximeter - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an LED step dimming method of a noninvasive pulse oximeter, which comprises the following steps: s1, initializing a system, and loading system parameters into a controller memory of a noninvasive pulse oximeter; s2, detecting whether a probe is inserted in real time, if so, executing a step S3, otherwise, continuing to execute S2; s3, detecting whether a finger is inserted in real time, if so, emitting light by an LED of the noninvasive pulse oximeter at a default drive current intensity, and if not, continuing to execute S3; s4, determining the target drive current intensity according to the PPG base line; and S5, adjusting the driving current to the target driving current intensity, wherein the LED of the noninvasive pulse oximeter emits light at the target driving current intensity. The LED step dimming method is applied to the noninvasive pulse oximeter, and can quickly adjust the specific target driving current only by looking up a table without complex calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of LED dimming, in particular to an LED step dimming method applied to a noninvasive pulse oximeter.
Background
The noninvasive pulse oximeter is a medical instrument which transmits or reflects light with specific wavelength to human tissues and analyzes received photoplethysmography (PPG) signals, extracts pulse wave amplitude in pulse wave alternating current components by separating the pulse wave alternating current and direct current components, and can calculate and analyze blood oxygen parameters.
Non-invasive pulse oximeters use LEDs to emit light for transmission or reflection to human tissue, such as to the finger. However, the detected population may relate to children, adults, men, women, office population, and outdoor working population, and different detected population have different constitutions, so that the thickness of fingers, skin color, and thickness of stratum corneum are different, and if the LEDs emit light with uniform driving current intensity, the slope of the generated PPG baseline is also different, and the final measurement result is inaccurate. There is therefore a need to dim the LEDs to provide high quality PPG signal data.
Conventional dimming control methods employ linear dimming or binary plus trim dimming logic.
For linear dimming, most algorithms consider the LED luminous intensity and drive current as a linear relationship, predicting the light intensity to adjust the PPG dc component (i.e., baseline position). For example, patent document CN102389311A discloses a multi-level dimming digital pulse oximeter and a method for using the same, which employs piecewise linear dimming, i.e. linear dimming when the PPG baseline exceeds an upper limit or is lower than a lower limit. However, in practical situations, the light intensity and the driving current of the LED can only be kept linear in a small range, and the light intensity and the driving current are in a curve relationship rather than a perfect straight line in the whole rated driving current range. Therefore, when the current is adjusted in a large range, the baseline adjustment difference is easy to be large, and oscillation can occur in the adjustment process, so that the dimming process is prolonged.
For dichotomy plus fine adjustment, the driving current needs to be adjusted continuously, the PPG baseline signal is calculated for multiple times according to different driving currents, approximate adjustment of the PPG baseline is achieved, the PPG baseline falls into a target area, the driving current is calculated through algorithms such as a proportion method, and dimming is completed after multiple times of adjustment. Patent document CN107773250A discloses a fast dimming control method for photo-pulse oximeter with automatic gain control, but the whole calculation process is complicated, which results in a long dimming time and a high system complexity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of complexity and long dimming time in the prior art, the invention provides an LED step dimming method of a noninvasive pulse oximeter. The invention can rapidly adjust the LED light intensity of the noninvasive pulse oximeter to the proper light intensity aiming at different people to be measured, and does not need complex calculation.
The invention discloses an LED step dimming method of a noninvasive pulse oximeter, which comprises the following steps:
s1, initializing a system, and loading system parameters into a controller memory of a noninvasive pulse oximeter;
s2, detecting whether a probe is inserted in real time, if so, executing a step S3, otherwise, continuing to execute S2;
s3, detecting whether a finger is inserted in real time, if so, emitting light by an LED of the noninvasive pulse oximeter at a default drive current intensity, and if not, continuing to execute S3;
s4, determining the target drive current intensity according to the PPG base line;
and S5, adjusting the driving current to the target driving current intensity, wherein the LED of the noninvasive pulse oximeter emits light at the target driving current intensity.
And S6, extracting the pulse wave, separating alternating current and direct current components of the pulse wave, and finally calculating the blood oxygen value according to the calibration curve.
And S7, the finger is pulled out or the probe is pulled out, and the initialization is carried out again.
Wherein the system parameters include a default drive amperage and a PPG baseline range-target drive amperage map.
Determining a default driving current intensity according to discrete sample data, specifically comprising:
a measurement step: respectively measuring and recording PPG baseline values of a large number of sample crowds under different drive current intensities to form a drive current-PPG baseline relation graph, wherein the current intensity interval is 5mA, the minimum value is set as 10mA, and the maximum value is set as 100 mA;
a determination step: and analyzing the driving current-PPG baseline relation graph to determine the default driving current intensity.
Wherein the default driving current intensity is 30 mA.
In the method, a PPG baseline range-target drive current intensity mapping table is established according to discrete sample data, the mapping table is as follows:
PPG baseline Range | Target drive Current intensity (mA) |
0~15000 | 85 |
15000~20000 | 60 |
20000~45000 | 30 |
45000~60000 | 20 |
Wherein, step S3 includes: setting a certain non-overlapped sliding window with the length of M, calculating the mean value of PPG baselines in the sliding window, setting a saturation threshold value THsat, and if the saturation threshold value is exceeded, determining that no finger is inserted.
Wherein, step S4 includes: calculating the mean value of the received PPG baseline signals to obtain the PPG baseline mean value corresponding to the default drive current intensity;
and inquiring a PPG baseline range-target driving current intensity mapping table according to the PPG baseline mean value to determine the target driving current intensity.
The present invention has the following advantageous effects.
According to the method, based on the statistical results of a large number of samples, reasonable default driving current intensity is set, the PPG baseline value is divided into a plurality of target areas, and the PPG baseline value generated by driving the LED to emit light according to the default driving current intensity is quickly adjusted to the specific target driving current intensity. The whole process does not need complex calculation, the target driving current suitable for different people to be measured can be automatically determined only by looking up the table, and the measuring speed and efficiency can be improved.
The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent by reference to the following drawings and detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a LED step dimming method of the present invention;
figure 2 is a plot of the measured drive current of a population versus the PPG baseline.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer and more clear, the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for LED step dimming of a noninvasive pulse oximeter, comprising the following steps:
s1, initializing a system, and loading the default driving current intensity and a PPG baseline range-target driving current intensity mapping table into a controller memory of the noninvasive pulse oximeter.
And determining the default driving current intensity according to the discrete sample data.
The default drive current level is determined based on statistical results from a large population of tests, and there are no formulas to follow, but there are several requirements. The requirements for setting the default driving current intensity comprise:
the coverage of people needs to be sufficient. Because the measuring part is a finger and the concerned parameter is the transmittance, the people choose to mainly consider the thickness of the finger, the skin color, the roughness and the like. The crowd selection comprises the following steps: children, the old, construction workers, the white collar of the young and the middle-aged, and the like.
The PPG baseline should be somewhat distinguishable at the default drive current level. If the driving current intensity is low, the crowd base lines are close, the distinguishing difficulty is high, and therefore the driving current intensity cannot be too low. Drive current intensity should not too big yet, avoids the higher finger of transmittance to saturate at this drive current intensity base line, for example: the finger of the child, the thin finger, can not carry out follow-up light adjustment.
The specific method for determining the default driving current intensity is as follows:
a measurement step: and respectively measuring and recording PPG baseline values of the fingers of the testee under different drive current intensities (5mA intervals) to form a drive current-PPG baseline relation graph. The current intensity interval is 5mA, the minimum value is set to 10mA, and the maximum value is set to 100mA (the maximum current value accepted by the sensor LED). Figure 2 shows a plot of the measured drive current of a population versus the PPG baseline.
A determination step: the relation graph of the driving current and the PPG base line is analyzed, as can be seen from the graph 2, when the current is 20mA, part of the PPG base lines are overlapped and staggered and are difficult to distinguish; 40mA will saturate some of the subjects (children) PPG baseline; the 30mA can meet the discrimination requirement of the PPG base line and can also ensure that the PPG base line is unsaturated. So from a large sample analysis, 30mA was determined as the default drive current strength.
And establishing a PPG baseline range-target driving current intensity mapping table according to the discrete sample data.
The maximum current which can be set by the sensor is 100mA (based on the selected sensor parameters), and the maximum current intensity is set to be 85mA in order to ensure that the heating of the sensor is in an allowable range in a set working temperature and humidity range.
To maximize the measurement accuracy in the case of weak perfusion, the PPG baseline setting should be adjusted as much as possible to a maximum value that does not exceed the saturation upper threshold (upper threshold, THsat, which means 90% of the ADC sample full scale value (65536), preferably 60000), i.e. the drive current intensity should be adjusted as much as possible to a maximum value within the allowed range.
From the graph (fig. 2) of the relationship between the measured driving current and the PPG baseline in the population, when the driving current intensity is 85mA, the PPG baseline corresponding to 90% or more of the people does not exceed THsat, so for this portion of the population, the driving current intensity should be set to 85mA, and the PPG baseline corresponding to this time is the maximum. The PPG baseline range of the part of the population under the default drive current intensity (30mA) is 0-15000. Therefore, the target driving current intensity corresponding to the PPG baseline area of 0-15000 is determined to be 85 mA.
The light transmittance of the fingers of the children is highest, and the PPG base line is close to or exceeds THsat under the default drive current intensity, so that the drive current intensity of the group of people needs to be reduced, and experiments show that the PPG base line can be maximized when the drive current intensity is set to be 20 mA. Under the default current intensity, the PPG baseline range of the part of the population is 45000-THsat. This portion of the population is about 1%. Therefore, the target driving current intensity corresponding to the PPG baseline region of 45000-60000 is determined to be 20 mA.
Under the default driving current intensity, most of the PPG base line larger than 15000 falls within the interval of 15000-20000, so the driving current intensity is as large as possible, but the driving current intensity is about 60mA within the range. Therefore, the target driving current intensity corresponding to the PPG baseline area of 15000-20000 is determined to be 60 mA.
The remaining part is 20000-45000, and the range is only required to use the default current intensity, namely, the driving current intensity corresponding to the PPG baseline area of 20000-45000 is determined to be 30 mA.
Thus, the PPG baseline range at the default current intensity is divided into 4 segments and each corresponds to a particular target drive current intensity. The PPG baseline range-target drive current intensity mapping table is shown in the following table.
PPG baseline Range | Target drive Current intensity (mA) |
0~15000 | 85 |
15000~20000 | 60 |
20000~45000 | 30 |
45000~60000 | 20 |
And S2, detecting whether a probe is inserted in real time. If the probe insertion is detected, step S3 is performed, otherwise, the execution continues to S2.
In practical application, if the probe is not connected to the system of the noninvasive pulse oximeter, the whole system cannot work normally, and the system is kept in a sensor unconnected state. Thus continuously checking whether the probe is normally inserted. Specifically, whether a probe is inserted or not is judged by detecting the input impedance value.
Preferably, if the input impedance value of the probe is detected, whether the probe is normal is judged according to the input impedance value, and if the probe is normal, a preset calibration curve parameter is selected.
And S3, detecting whether a finger is inserted in real time. If finger insertion is detected, the driving current is adjusted to the default driving current intensity, the dimming process is started, the LED of the noninvasive pulse oximeter emits light with the default driving current intensity, otherwise, S3 is continuously executed.
After the probe is connected to the system, initially the human finger (or other subject site) is not yet connected to the probe, at which point the sensor will saturate, so the PPG baseline is continuously checked after saturation is detected. After the finger is inserted into the probe, the PPG baseline is reduced due to the absorption of human tissues to light, the driving current is adjusted to the default driving current intensity at the moment, and the dimming process is started.
Specifically, a certain non-overlapping sliding window with length M is set, for example, 500ms, the mean value of the PPG baseline within the window length is obtained, a saturation threshold THsat is set, and if the threshold is exceeded, no finger is considered to be inserted. In practical application, considering that the PPG baseline value is different due to the fact that the probe placement may be interfered by ambient light and the probe opening angle is different, a threshold value needs to be set after actual testing under various interference environmental conditions and probe opening angles.
And S4, determining the target driving current intensity according to the PPG baseline.
Specifically, the PPG baseline mean is first calculated. When the LED of the noninvasive pulse oximeter emits light with the default driving current intensity, the LED transmits or reflects human tissues, calculates the mean value of the received PPG baseline signal, and obtains the PPG baseline mean value corresponding to the default driving current intensity. The calculated PPG baseline mean values are different because the population to be measured is different.
And then inquiring a PPG baseline range-target driving current intensity mapping table according to the PPG baseline mean value to determine the target driving current intensity. For example, if the PPG baseline mean value calculated at the default drive current intensity is 16000, the target drive current is 60mA, and if the PPG baseline mean value calculated at the default drive current intensity is 51000, the target drive current is 20 mA.
And S5, adjusting the driving current to the target driving current intensity, starting a dimming process, and enabling the LED of the noninvasive pulse oximeter to emit light at the target driving current intensity.
And S6, after dimming is finished, pulse wave extraction is carried out, alternating current and direct current components of the pulse wave are separated, and finally, the blood oxygen value is calculated according to the calibration curve.
And S7, the finger is pulled out or the probe is pulled out, and the initialization is carried out again.
The method tests a large amount of sample data of different finger thicknesses and skin colors, children, construction workers (with thicker cuticle) and the like, sets default current intensity according to a statistical result, divides a PPG baseline value into a plurality of areas, and quickly adjusts the PPG baseline value to a specific target driving current according to the PPG baseline value generated by the default driving current intensity. The LED step dimming method is applied to the noninvasive pulse oximeter, and can quickly adjust the specific target driving current only by looking up a table without complex calculation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An LED step dimming method of a noninvasive pulse oximeter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, initializing a system, and loading system parameters into a controller memory of a noninvasive pulse oximeter;
s2, detecting whether a probe is inserted in real time, if so, executing a step S3, otherwise, continuing to execute S2;
s3, detecting whether a finger is inserted in real time, if so, emitting light by an LED of the noninvasive pulse oximeter at a default drive current intensity, and if not, continuing to execute S3;
s4, determining the target drive current intensity according to the PPG base line;
and S5, adjusting the driving current to the target driving current intensity, wherein the LED of the noninvasive pulse oximeter emits light at the target driving current intensity.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the system parameters comprise a default drive amperage and a PPG baseline range-target drive amperage map.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein determining the default driving current strength according to discrete sample data specifically comprises:
a measurement step: respectively measuring and recording PPG baseline values of a large number of sample crowds under different drive current intensities to form a drive current-PPG baseline relation graph, wherein the current intensity interval is 5mA, the minimum value is set as 10mA, and the maximum value is set as 100 mA;
a determination step: and analyzing the driving current-PPG baseline relation graph to determine the default driving current intensity.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the default drive current intensity is 30 mA.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein a PPG baseline range-target drive current intensity mapping table is established from discrete sample data, the mapping table being as follows:
6. The method of claim 1, wherein step S3 includes:
setting a certain non-overlapped sliding window with the length of M, calculating the mean value of PPG baselines in the sliding window, setting a saturation threshold value THsat, and if the saturation threshold value is exceeded, determining that no finger is inserted.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein step S4 includes:
calculating the mean value of the received PPG baseline signals to obtain the PPG baseline mean value corresponding to the default drive current intensity;
and inquiring a PPG baseline range-target driving current intensity mapping table according to the PPG baseline mean value to determine the target driving current intensity.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein after step S5, further comprising:
and S6, extracting the pulse wave, separating alternating current and direct current components of the pulse wave, and finally calculating the blood oxygen value according to the calibration curve.
And S7, the finger is pulled out or the probe is pulled out, and the initialization is carried out again.
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