CN110768824B - Hybrid network system and communication connection establishment method thereof - Google Patents
Hybrid network system and communication connection establishment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110768824B CN110768824B CN201910983211.4A CN201910983211A CN110768824B CN 110768824 B CN110768824 B CN 110768824B CN 201910983211 A CN201910983211 A CN 201910983211A CN 110768824 B CN110768824 B CN 110768824B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hybrid network system and a communication connection establishing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of quantum communication. The invention uses quantum correlation characteristic to assist in transmitting handshake information, simplifies the operation of the two communication parties in the classic network by introducing quantum network and adjusting the connection establishment flow, reduces the direct communication times required by the two communication parties from three to two, shortens the time consumed by establishing connection, and effectively improves the communication efficiency and real-time in the classic Internet network. In addition, the connection establishment caused by network delay, error information and other factors can be avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hybrid network system and a communication connection establishing method thereof, belonging to the technical field of quantum communication.
Background
The method has the advantages that the connection is efficiently established, communication errors and network breakdown caused by factors such as packet delay and repetition are prevented, a large amount of communication negotiation needs to be carried out by two communication parties in the connection establishing process, the content and the processing mode of the message are specified in detail, and the current states and the communication willingness of the two communication parties are mutually determined. The three-way handshake scheme adopted by the TCP protocol is the most typical way for a transport entity on the Internet to negotiate a connection. The so-called "three-way handshake" is the negotiation between the two communicating parties each time data is transmitted, synchronizing the transmission and reception of data segments. First handshake: when establishing connection, the client sends a SYN packet (Seq = j) to the server, enters a SYN _ SENT state and waits for the confirmation of the server; SYN is synchronization Sequence number (Synchronize Sequence Numbers). Second handshake: when the server receives the SYN packet, it must acknowledge the SYN of the client (ACK = j + 1), and at the same time, it also sends a SYN packet (Seq = k), i.e., SYN + ACK packet, and then the server enters the SYN _ RECV state. Third handshake: the client receives the SYN + ACK packet of the server, sends an acknowledgement packet ACK (ACK = k + 1) to the server, and after the packet is sent, the client and the server enter an ESTABLISHED (TCP connection success) state to complete three-way handshake.
In the scheme, two communication parties mutually confirm whether the opposite party can carry out communication through three times of information transmission, and further judge whether the connection is established successfully or not, and the time consumption of the communication connection establishment process is long. In the process, each handshake communication may cause delay, loss or error of information, which results in that connection cannot be established smoothly, and finally affects transmission of information.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hybrid network system and a communication connection establishing method thereof, which are used for solving the problem of long time consumption for establishing communication connection in the prior Internet network communication.
The present invention provides a communication connection establishing method for a hybrid network system to solve the above technical problems, the communication connection establishing method comprising the steps of:
1) A communication initiator sends a connection establishment request message to a communication object, and simultaneously selects a qubit with quantum entanglement with the qubit quantum state at the communication object;
2) The communication object returns a response message to the communication initiator according to the received connection establishing request message;
3) After the communication initiator receives the response message, quantum state operation is carried out on the qubit at the communication initiator by using quantum gate operation service provided by a quantum network, so that double qubit M operation of entangled quantum pairs is realized;
4) And the communication object performs projection measurement on the qubit at the communication object after setting response timeout time to obtain a corresponding classical bit result, and judges whether the communication initiator and the communication object successfully establish connection according to the bit result.
The invention also provides a hybrid network system, which comprises a communication initiator and a communication object, wherein the communication initiator and the communication object are connected through an Internet network, a quantum information network exists between the communication initiator and the communication object, the network is provided with corresponding qubits at the communication initiator and the communication object, entanglement can be established between the qubits, and double-qubit quantum gate operation on the qubits is supported, and the communication connection establishment method of the network system adopts the above mode.
The invention utilizes the quantum correlation characteristic to assist in transmitting handshake information, simplifies the operation of the two communication parties in the classical network by introducing the quantum network and adjusting the connection establishment flow, reduces the number of times of direct communication required by the two communication parties from three to two, shortens the time consumed by establishing connection, and effectively improves the efficiency and the real-time performance of communication in the classical Internet network.
Further, in order to ensure that the communication object does not respond to the delayed repeat message and improve the effectiveness of communication, the connection establishment request message sent in step 1) includes the sequence number of the current message.
Further, in order to conveniently judge the validity of the response message, the response message sent in step 2) includes the sequence number of the message itself and the response sequence number corresponding to the connection establishment request message.
Further, in order to avoid establishing a communication connection when a request message received by a communication object is invalid, a response message performed by the communication object on the establishment of the connection request message has an incorrect response sequence number, and the communication initiator does not respond to the response message of the communication object, that is, the communication initiator does not perform quantum state operation on the qubit at the communication initiator.
Further, in order to avoid that the communication initiator cannot reestablish the communication connection because the communication initiator does not receive the response message within the set time, when the communication initiator does not receive the response message within the set time, the communication initiator does not perform quantum state operation on the qubit at the communication initiator.
Further, in order to avoid the communication connection establishment after the communication initiator receives the failure response message, when the communication initiator judges that the received response message is failed, the communication initiator does not perform quantum state operation on the qubit at the communication initiator any more.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a normal flowchart of a communication connection establishment method of a hybrid network system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the operation of the hybrid network system communication connection in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a communication connection establishment process when Bob receives a connection establishment request message indicating that Alice has failed due to network delay according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating establishment of a communication connection when Alice does not receive a Bob response message due to a network error according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of communication connection establishment when Alice receives a response message indicating that Bob has failed due to network delay in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of a hybrid network System
The hybrid network system in the embodiment comprises a communication initiator and a communication object, wherein the communication initiator and the communication object are connected through an Internet network and a quantum information network, so that the classical information transmission service which is the same as that of the current Internet network can be provided for users, and quantum information processing services including quantum state transmission, quantum gate operation and quantum state measurement can also be provided. Firstly, a communication initiator sends a connection establishment request message to a communication object, and simultaneously the communication initiator selects a qubit with quantum entanglement with the qubit quantum state at the communication object; then the communication object returns a response message to the communication initiator according to the received connection establishment request message; after receiving the response message, the communication initiator performs quantum state operation on the qubit at the communication initiator by using quantum gate operation service provided by a quantum network, so as to realize double qubit M operation on entangled quantum pairs; and finally, performing projection measurement on the qubit at the communication object to obtain a corresponding classical bit result so as to judge whether the communication initiator and the communication object are successfully connected.
Quantum information has a non-local correlation property, and local operations performed on local quantum bits (qubits) may affect the results of ex-situ qubit local operations. The invention simplifies the three-way handshake process of establishing connection in the classic TCP/IP by using the correlation characteristic of quantum information, so that the number of times of direct communication required by two communication parties (marked as Alice and Bob) is reduced from 3 to 2. Before the detailed description of the inventive communication connection establishment process, a brief introduction will be made to the related concepts and principles of quantum information and quantum communication.
The status vectors |0>, |1> of the memory qubits are column vectors, respectively
|0>＝[1 0] T
|1>＝[0 1] T
And a double qubit quantum entangled state | ψ 0 >、|ψ 1 >Respectively as follows:
single qubit operating characteristics:
pauli matrix operation is carried out on any one qubit in the defined double qubit quantum states
Can make the state of the double qubit quantum system in | psi 0 >And | ψ 1 >The conversion is carried out:
wherein the identity matrix is:
dual qubit operation and measurement characteristics:
defining a double qubit quantum gate operation M
Wherein the Pauli matrix is:
then to | ψ 0 >Status available by performing M operations
To | ψ 1 >Status available by performing M operations
Taking a measurement base according to the quantum measurement theorem
{|0>，|1>}
For phi 0 >Two qubits in (a) will have a projection measurement whose result will be 0 at the same time, correspondingly, for | φ | 1 >The projection measurement of (a) will simultaneously be 1.
According to the characteristics, the quantum state | psi of the double qubits 0 >Or | ψ 1 >Any one of the qubits performs a local operation σ z The results of subsequent projection measurements on another qubit will change. This phenomenon shows that, after the initial state and the operating specification are defined, the classical information obtained when one qubit is measured can be changed by the local operation of another qubit, so that the classical information can be subjected to the local operation σ by using the quantum correlation without directly using the classical channel z The coding is realized, and the transmission is completed through a quantum information path. According to the principle, the quantum entanglement state can be distributed or established in the first request and response of the TCP/IP protocol, and the response information of the third handshake is transmitted through quantum operation, so that 3 times of direct classical communication among processes required by protocol handshake are reduced to 2 times, the waiting time for communication negotiation is effectively shortened, and the communication efficiency is improved.
Assuming that Alice is the initiator of communication, bob is the communication object of Alice, and the operation flow for establishing connection between Alice and Bob is shown in fig. 1, where a solid line represents classical data (Internet network data), a dotted line represents quantum state operation, a dot-dash line first represents quantum measurement operation, and the process of establishing communication connection includes the following 4 steps.
And 1, sending a connection establishment request message to Bob by Alice.
The step is classic-quantumAnd in the mixed communication step, alice sends a connection establishment request message to Bob through a classical network, wherein the request message and the TCP handshake synchronization message SYN have the same information, and in addition, the request message also comprises a sequence number SEQ = m of the current message, which is used for ensuring that Bob cannot respond to delayed repeated messages. At the same time, alice selects a qubit A that has quantum entanglement with qubit B at Bob, the entanglement can be prepared by a throughput sub-network in advance, and the state is EPR state | psi 0 >。
And 2, bob sends a response message to Alice according to the received request message.
The method comprises the following steps of classical communication, wherein after receiving a request message sent by Alice, bob sends a response message corresponding to the connection establishment request message through a classical network, the response message and a TCP handshake response message ACK have the same information, and the response message comprises a sequence number n of the self message and a response sequence number m +1 corresponding to the sequence number of the Alice request message.
And 3. Carrying out quantum state operation by Alice after receiving the response of Bob.
The step is a pure quantum information processing step, and Alice performs local operation sigma on the qubit A by using quantum gate operation service provided by the quantum network after receiving a response message with the Bob serial number n z And then carrying out double qubit M operation on the entangled quantum pairs A and B.
4. And (4) measuring the quantum state.
The step is a quantum-classical mixed operation step, bob performs projection measurement on qubit B when a certain response overtime arrives, reads the corresponding classical bit result, and if the result is 1, it indicates that Alice responds to the response message of Bob, and the connection is established successfully.
Considering the situation of connection establishment failure caused by network delay, message loss and other accidents, the present invention needs to judge the above process, and the flow is shown in fig. 2. Three cases causing connection establishment failure will be described below.
1) Network delay results in Bob receiving a connection establishment request message SEQ = m' that Alice has failed.
As shown in fig. 3, in this case, bob will feed back response messages of SEQ = n and ACK = m ' +1 to Alice through the classical network, and Alice will not respond to response messages of ACK = m ' +1 of Bob because the request message of SEQ = m ' is currently failed, i.e., alice will not use quantum network for quantum operation σ z Instead, the pre-prepared entangled qubit a is handed directly to the quantum network for double qubit M operation. Since the state of the entanglement pair shared between Alice and Bob at this time is | ψ 0 >After the quantum network automatically performs double qubit M operation, its quantum state is in state | phi 0 >. At this time, after Bob performs projection measurement on qubit B, the obtained classical information is 0, so Bob can judge that Alice does not respond to the response message, and then terminate processing the failed connection establishment request message.
2) Network errors result in Alice not receiving Bob's reply message.
As shown in fig. 4, alice fails to receive the response message SEQ = n and ACK = m +1 fed back by Bob through the classical network, so Alice will not respond to the response of Bob at this time, that is, alice will not perform the quantum operation σ z And directly handing the pre-prepared entangled qubit A to a quantum network for double qubit M operation. Since the state of the entanglement pair shared between Alice and Bob at this time is | ψ 0 >After the quantum network automatically performs double qubit M operation, its quantum state is in state | phi 0 >. At this time, after Bob performs projection measurement on qubit B, the obtained classical information is 0, so Bob can judge that Alice does not respond to the response message, and then terminate processing on the connection establishment request message which does not receive confirmation.
3) After Alice sends a connection establishment request message, a response message that Bob has failed is received due to network delay.
As shown in fig. 5, alice receives a response message of SEQ = n and ACK = m' +1 fed back by Bob through the classical network, and Alice does not respond to the response of Bob because the response message has failed, so that the following quantum operation σ is not performed z And quantum operation sigma is carried out only after the real response message of ACK = m +1 is received z And will then be prepared beforehandThe entangled qubits A are handed over by a quantum network for double qubit M operation.
At this time, the state of the shared entanglement pair between Alice and Bob is | ψ 1 >After the quantum network automatically performs double qubit M operation, its quantum state is in state | phi 1 >. At this time, after Bob performs projection measurement on qubit B, the obtained classical information is 1, so Bob can judge that Alice has made correct response to the response message, and further formally complete the establishment of communication connection.
It can be seen that the invention can effectively overcome the influence of network delay, message loss and other factors on the overall operation of the network in the process of performing classic Internet network handshake, and ensure the normal operation of the network. Meanwhile, the introduction of the quantum network and the corresponding adjustment of the connection establishment process simplify the operation of the two communication parties in the classical network, reduce the number of times of direct communication required by the two communication parties from three times to two times, shorten the time consumed by establishing the connection, and effectively improve the communication efficiency and the real-time performance in the classical Internet network.
Method for establishing communication connection in embodiments of the present invention
The communication connection establishing method introduces a quantum network, utilizes quantum association characteristics to assist in transmitting handshake information, firstly, a communication initiator sends a connection establishing request message to a communication object, and simultaneously, the communication initiator selects a qubit with quantum entanglement between qubit quantum states at the communication object; then the communication object returns a response message to the communication initiator according to the received connection establishment request message; after receiving the response message, the communication initiator performs quantum state operation on the qubit at the communication initiator by using quantum gate operation service provided by a quantum network, so as to realize double qubit M operation on entangled quantum pairs; and finally, performing projection measurement on the qubit at the communication object to obtain a corresponding classical bit result, so as to judge whether the communication initiator and the communication object successfully establish connection. The specific implementation process of the method has been described in detail in the embodiment of the hybrid network system, and is not described herein again.
It should be noted that, in the above process, double qubit quanta are requiredThe states operate as M-operations, whereas implementing non-local M-operations typically requires the assistance of classical communication. But on the one hand M is a sigma with the communication initiator z The operations are independent of each other and the classical communication to implement M operations does not contain any relation to sigma z Operational information and thus these classical communications merely provide assistance indirectly for the transmission of the desired information rather than directly via these classical channels. On the other hand, classical communication in M operation is limited to the range of quantum networks without having to transmit between the communicating parties. Due to the fundamental role of the operation in the quantum information network, the corresponding classical communication can be realized by using a link-oriented classical private network, and the connection in the network is maintained for a long time, so that the problem of frequent link establishment and negotiation handshake in the M operation does not exist. Therefore, although quantum communication still needs to transmit certain classical information, the connection establishment scheme based on the quantum-classical hybrid network still has obvious advantages in time and reliability compared with the pure classical scheme.
Claims (7)
1.A communication connection establishment method of a hybrid network system, the communication connection establishment method comprising the steps of:
1) A communication initiator sends a connection establishment request message to a communication object, and simultaneously selects a qubit with quantum entanglement with qubit quantum states at the communication object, wherein the qubit refers to quantum bits;
2) The communication object returns a response message to the communication initiator according to the received connection establishment request message;
3) After receiving the response message, the communication initiator performs quantum state operation on the qubit at the communication initiator by using quantum gate operation service provided by a quantum network, so as to realize double qubit M operation on entangled quantum pairs;
the dual qubit M operation is defined as follows:
wherein I is an identity matrix:
wherein sigma y Comprises the following steps:
4) And the communication object performs projection measurement on the qubit at the communication object after setting the response timeout moment to obtain a corresponding classical bit result, and judges whether the communication initiator and the communication object successfully establish connection according to the bit result.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the connection establishment request message sent in step 1) includes a sequence number of a current message.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the response message sent in step 2) includes a sequence number of the self-message and a response sequence number corresponding to the connection establishment request message.
4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein when the connection establishment request message received by the communication object fails, the response message of the communication object to the connection establishment request message has an incorrect response sequence number, and the communication initiator does not respond to the response message of the communication object, i.e. the communication initiator does not perform quantum state operation on the qubit therein.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the communication initiator does not receive the response message within a set time, the communication initiator does not perform quantum state operation on the qubit at the communication initiator.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the communication initiator determines that the received reply packet is invalid, the communication initiator does not perform quantum state operation on the qubit at the communication initiator.
7. A hybrid network system comprising a communication initiator and a communication object, the communication initiator and the communication object being connected via an Internet network, characterized in that a quantum information network exists between the communication initiator and the communication object, the network being provided with corresponding qubits at both the communication initiator and the communication object and being capable of establishing entanglement between the qubits and supporting double qubit quantum gate operations on the qubits, the communication connection establishment method of the network system being as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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