CN110766789B

CN110766789B - Morphology recognition and visualization method for knee joint posterolateral complex tendinous bone junction

Info

Publication number: CN110766789B
Application number: CN201910995594.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋艳; 吴毅; 王洪凯; 胡昕; 姚洁; 熊雁; 代灿
Original assignee: Third Military Medical University TMMU
Current assignee: Third Military Medical University TMMU
Priority date: 2019-10-18
Filing date: 2019-10-18
Publication date: 2023-07-07
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-18
Also published as: CN110766789A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for identifying and visualizing a joint part of a knee joint posterolateral complex tendon bone, which comprises the steps of firstly identifying and segmenting a cross-section thin-layer true color high-resolution image of a human knee joint posterolateral structure, carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction based on surface drawing on the knee joint posterolateral complex and an adjacent structure thereof, then guiding out three-dimensional images reconstructed by a femur, a tibia, a fibula and a PLC FCL, PT, PFL, BT of the knee joint in a triangular grid format, marking FCL, PT, PFL, BT on all contact surfaces of the joint part of the femur and the fibula respectively, obtaining the joint part of each anatomical structure on the femur and the fibula and the center point thereof, measuring the area of the joint part of each anatomical structure and the mutual distance between the center point thereof, and finally creating an interactive 3d-pdf model for visualization, thereby solving the problem that the attachment part of the joint part of the tendon bone is difficult to determine and observe.

Description

Morphology recognition and visualization method for knee joint posterolateral complex tendinous bone junction

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of human knee joint posterolateral research, and relates to a method for identifying and visualizing the morphology of a human knee joint posterolateral complex tendon-bone junction.

Background

The posterolateral complex (Posterolateral Complex, PLC) is a complex anatomic and functional composite structure located in the posterolateral area of the knee. The PLC is composed of several tendons and ligaments, and in the early stage, it is thought by chinese visual human body dataset studies that the PLC is mainly composed of the Fibular Collateral Ligament (FCL), popliteal Tendon (PT), popliteal ligament (PFL), biceps femoris tendon (BT), arcuate ligament (APL) and calf bean ligament (FFL), which together maintain the static and dynamic stability of the knee joint PLC, and the functions of these structures are to inhibit the knee joint from varus, while also helping to prevent the tibia from moving backward and outward.

Of all knee injuries, nearly 16% present lesions in the PLC, which, if not properly identified for diagnosis, can lead to sustained instability of the knee joint with concomitant failure of reconstruction. Relevant researches on the anatomical structure, biomechanics and operation scheme of the PLC are carried out by the home and abroad anticentripetal scholars and doctors, the anatomical structure of the PLC is gradually defined, and great progress is also made in the aspects of diagnosis, treatment and operation reconstruction of the PLC damage. However, little research is done on the details of the tendon-bone junction of the knee joint PLC, and the morphology, area, center point position and center point distance of the tendon-bone junction of each anatomical structure of the PLC at the femur and fibula dead points are still controversial, so that the anatomical position of the tendon-bone junction of the knee joint PLC cannot be accurately identified and positioned in the repair operation of the PLC, and the morphology area, anatomical position and adjacent relationship of the tendon-bone junction of the PLC are still to be further studied.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a morphological recognition and visualization method for a joint part of a knee joint posterolateral complex tendinous bone, which aims to solve the problems that the anatomical positions of the joint parts of the tendinous bone of each anatomical structure FCL, PT, PFL and BT of a PLC can not be accurately recognized, the accurate anatomical observation, calculation, measurement and research can not be carried out, and the establishment of a tunnel scheme of a PLC repair operation is influenced.

The embodiment of the invention provides a method for identifying and visualizing the morphology of a tendon-bone joint part of a knee joint posterolateral complex, which comprises the steps of firstly identifying and segmenting a cross section thin-layer true color high-resolution image of a human knee joint posterolateral structure, carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction based on surface drawing on the knee joint posterolateral complex and an adjacent structure thereof, and then calculating the tendon-bone junction of each anatomical structure on the rear outer side of the knee joint and the center point thereof based on the reconstructed three-dimensional image, measuring the area of the tendon-bone junction of each anatomical structure femur and fibula and the mutual distance between the center points, and finally creating an interactive 3d-pdf model to visualize the morphological area, the anatomical position and the adjacent relation of the tendon-bone junction of the compound on the rear outer side of the knee joint of the human body.

Further, the method comprises the following steps:

step S1, data acquisition: selecting CVH-1, CVH-2 and CVH-5 from a Chinese visual human body dataset (CVH dataset) and a CVH-5 bilateral knee joint posterolateral structure cross section thin-layer true color high-resolution image dataset;

step S2, image segmentation of each anatomical structure of the knee joint and the PLC: selecting a benchmark and a reference for image identification and segmentation, and utilizing image processing software to identify and segment each anatomical structure of knee joint and PLC (programmable logic controller) on the acquired data set, wherein the segmentation structure is knee joint bones, PLC and adjacent structures thereof;

step S3, three-dimensional digital reconstruction: performing three-dimensional reconstruction based on surface drawing on knee joint bones, PLC and adjacent structures thereof, and performing smoothing and simplification treatment on the reconstructed three-dimensional model surface;

step S4, calculating the tendon-bone junction part and the central point of the PLC: the three-dimensional images reconstructed by the femur, tibia and fibula of the knee joint and FCL, PT, PFL, BT of the PLC are led out in a triangular grid format, all contact surfaces of the FCL, PT, PFL, BT of the PLC with the tendon-bone joint parts of the femur and fibula of the knee joint are marked, and the tendon-bone joint parts of the above anatomical structures on the femur and fibula can be obtained; in addition, the geometric center point of the tendon-bone joint of each PLC on the femur and the fibula is calculated and taken as the center point of the tendon-bone joint of the anatomic structure;

s5, measuring the area of the tendon-bone joint part of each anatomical structure of the PLC and the mutual distance between the central points of the tendon-bone joint parts of each anatomical structure on the femur and the fibula;

and S6, creating a 3d-pdf model, and visualizing the morphological area, the anatomical position and the adjacent relation of the tendon-bone junction of each anatomical structure of the PLC.

Further, in the step S2, a row of embryo knee joints is selected for cross-sectional tissue section, HE and Masson staining is performed, and after the tissue structure is identified, the embryo knee joints are used as the datum and reference for identifying and dividing the CVH image.

Furthermore, in the step S2, the image segmentation of each component structure of the knee joint and the PLC and the three-dimensional digital reconstruction in the step S3 are performed by Amira software.

Further, in the step S4, the marks of all the contact surfaces of the tendon-bone joint portions of the femur and the fibula are obtained by respectively exporting the three-dimensional image of each anatomical structure after three-dimensional reconstruction in a triangular patch grid, wherein the export file format is a stl file format, each anatomical structure is exported in a curved surface formed by triangular grids, all triangular patches connecting each anatomical structure of the PLC with the femur and the fibula are defined as pre-contact surfaces, if the distances from three vertexes of the triangular patches to the femur or the fibula are smaller than a contact threshold, all the vertexes of the triangular patches are contact surfaces of the joint portions of the structure with the femur or the fibula, and accordingly, the bone joint portion of each anatomical structure with the femur or the fibula is calculated according to the calculation of all the contact surfaces of each anatomical structure of the PLC with the femur or the fibula.

Further, the contact threshold is 0.2mm.

Further, in the step S4, the geometric center of each anatomical structure tendon-bone junction is calculated, which is an average value of coordinate values of all contact points of the tendon-bone junction of each anatomical structure in the PLC, and the calculated average coordinate value is taken as the center point of the tendon-bone junction of the anatomical structure.

The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that based on thin-layer high-precision Chinese visual human body data (CVH), the invention carries out anatomical study on FCL, PT, BT and PFL of the rear outer side structure of the knee joint at the tendon-bone joint part of the femur and the fibula, and carries out measurement study on the form, contact area, center point, mutual distance and the like of FCL, PT, BT, PFL in the rear outer side complex of the knee joint at the tendon-bone joint part of the femur and the fibula by carrying out data segmentation and three-dimensional digital reconstruction on the rear outer side structure of the knee joint and the adjacent structure, so as to obtain that FCL, PT and femur have constant adhesion and FCL, BT and PFL have constant adhesion with fibula; the morphology of these tendinous bone bonds is not completely uniform and the same contact area, but the location of the center point of the tendinous bone bonds has relatively uniform adhesion characteristics, including their relative positions on the bone and distances from each other, solving the problem of difficult determination of the current attachment sites of the tendinous bone bonds for FCL, PT, PFL and BT. And the determination of the tendon-bone junction is helpful for defining the position and the morphology of the contact surfaces of tendons, ligaments and bones, and is helpful for the anatomical and morphological study of the tendon-bone junction; the method effectively solves the problem that the knee joint PLC tendon-bone joint can not be accurately observed, calculated, measured and researched in anatomy at present, and is beneficial to planning and optimizing a tunnel scheme of an orthopaedics PLC ligament reconstruction operation. By creating the 3d-pdf model, the morphological area, the anatomical position and the adjacent relation of the tendon-bone junction of each anatomical structure of the PLC are visualized, so that the anatomical position, the three-dimensional morphology and the adjacent relation of the tendon-bone junction are conveniently observed in multiple angles and multiple directions, and the problem that the anatomical position of the tendon-bone junction of the human knee joint posterolateral complex structure cannot be visualized and cannot be intuitively observed and understood is solved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1A is a cross-sectional image of a knee joint in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1B is another knee cross-sectional image of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1C is a hematoxylin-eosin stained embryo knee cross section tissue section image of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 1D is a map-stained embryo knee cross-section tissue section image of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 1E is a schematic lateral side view of a three-dimensional reconstruction of a knee joint according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 1F is a schematic view of the outer side of a three-dimensional reconstruction of a PLC tendon-bone junction according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 1G is a schematic view of a lateral superior side view of a three-dimensional reconstruction of a knee joint according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 1H is a schematic top-exterior view of a three-dimensional reconstruction of a PLC tendon-bone junction according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1I is a schematic representation of an interactive 3d-pdf model of a PLC tendon-bone junction of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2A is a lateral side view of a PLC tendinous bone junction in a three-dimensional reconstruction of a knee joint in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2B is a lateral, superior side view of a PLC tendinous bone junction in a three-dimensional reconstruction of a knee joint in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2C is a lateral side view of the PT and FCL of an embodiment of the present invention at the tendinous bone junction on the femur.

Fig. 2D is a lateral, superior side view of the PT and FCL of an embodiment of the present invention at the tendinous bone junction on the femur.

Fig. 2E is a schematic representation of the distance between PT and FCL of an embodiment of the present invention at the center point of the osseous joint on the femur.

Fig. 2F is a lateral side view of the FCL, BT, and PFL of an embodiment of the invention at the osseous joint of a fibula.

Fig. 2G is a lateral, superior side view of the FCL, BT, and PFL of an embodiment of the invention at the osseous joint of a fibula.

Fig. 2H is the distance between the FCL, BT, and PFL of an embodiment of the invention at the center point of the tendinous bone junction on the femur.

Fig. 3A is a schematic view of CVH-5 right knee femoral distal anterior-posterior edge distance measurement and FCL femoral tendinous bone junction to anterior, posterior and inferior femur edge distance measurement in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3B is a schematic view of distance measurements from the femoral tendinous bone junction to the anterior, posterior and inferior edges of the femur for a CVH-5 right knee joint PT in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The anatomical position of the tendon-bone junction of the PLC is identified and calculated based on the Chinese visual human body dataset, namely the CVH dataset, and the identification and measurement of the attachment points are of great significance for anatomical observation and study of the external structure behind the knee. Knowing the anatomical location, three-dimensional morphology and adjacency of the main structure of the PLC provides basis and guidance for the clinician to formulate the surgical plan for the PLC, the present invention explores the osseous joints at the femur and fibula locations of FCL, PT, PFL and BT.

Step S1, data acquisition:

the Chinese visual human body data sets CVH-1, CVH-2 and CVH-5 are selected, and the transverse section of the bilateral knee joint of the outer side structure is a thin true color high-resolution data set. The thickness of the image layer is 0.1mm at the minimum, the resolution ratio can reach 4064×2704 at the maximum, the size of each pixel can be as fine as 0.12×0.12mm, and the specific parameters of the image are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 basic information and detailed parameters of CVH

Category(s)	CVH-1	CVH-2	CVH-5
				Age of	22	22	25
Height (cm)	170	162	170
				Sex (sex)	Man's body	Female	Man's body
Body weight (kg)	65	54	59
				Direction of cross section	Cross section of	Cross section of	Cross section of
Thickness of cross section	0.1,0.25,0.5,1.0	0.25,0.5	0.2
				Resolution ratio	3072×2048	3072×2048	4064×2704

Step S2, image segmentation of each component structure of the knee joint and the PLC:

the cross-sectional thin layer and the high-resolution image of the rear outer side structure of the bilateral knee joint of the selected CVH-1, CVH-2 and CVH-5 data sets are imported into Amira software (version 5.2.2), data segmentation is carried out on the knee joint, the PLC and adjacent structures of the knee joint, a row of embryo knee joints are selected for carrying out cross-sectional tissue section, HE and Masson staining is carried out, the tissue structures of the embryo knee joints are identified, the embryo knee joints are used as the datum and the reference of image identification segmentation (figures 1A-D), and figures 1A-B are cross-sectional images of the knee joints and are used for identifying the PLC and adjacent structures of the PLC.

The segmentation structure is knee joint bone, PLC and adjacent structure thereof, the knee joint bone includes femur, tibia, fibula, patella and cartilage thereof, the PLC includes popliteal tendon, fibular collateral ligament, popliteal ligament, biceps femoris tendon and arciform ligament, and the adjacent structure includes lateral meniscus, medial meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, plagiosa ligament, transverse knee ligament, etc.

Step S3, three-dimensional digital reconstruction:

after image segmentation is completed, the PLC and adjacent structures thereof are subjected to three-dimensional reconstruction based on surface drawing by using Amira software, and model surfaces are smoothed and simplified, as shown in fig. 1E and 1G, and tendon-bone junctions of different structures are represented by different colors.

Step S4, calculating the tendon-bone joint part and the central point of the tendon-bone joint part of the PLC:

three-dimensional images of the femur, tibia and fibula of the knee joint, a fibular collateral ligament, a popliteal tendon, a popliteal ligament and a biceps femoris tendon after reconstruction are respectively exported in a triangular grid format, and each anatomical structure is exported to be a curved surface formed by triangular grids.

And setting different values for pre-calculation and testing, and finally selecting the most suitable 0.2mm as a contact threshold value of the ligament and the bone, wherein a contact point is defined as a smaller threshold value, searching all triangular patches on each anatomical structure connected with the bone by the PLC as contact surfaces, and if three vertexes of the triangular patches are all contact points, defining the triangular patches as the contact surfaces of the connection parts of the structure and the bone. According to the method, all contact surfaces of each anatomical structure connected with the bone by the PLC are marked, so that the tendon-bone combination part of each anatomical structure and the bone can be calculated. In this way, a tendinous bone junction of FCL, PT on the femur and FCL, BT, PFL on the fibula was obtained. Then, the center point of each anatomical tendon-bone junction is calculated by the following specific method: calculating the average value of the coordinate values of all contact points of each tendon and bone combination part, namely the geometric center of the structure, defining the geometric center of each tendon and bone combination part as the center point of the structure, recording the coordinate of the center point of each structure, and marking and displaying the center point by using white dots, as shown in fig. 1F and 1H and in fig. 2A-H.

The embodiment of the invention tries a threshold value between 0 and 0.5mm, considers that the threshold value larger than 0.5mm is not contacted, changes the threshold value between 0 and 0.5mm by taking 0.01mm as a step length, calculates geometric centers of all contact points obtained by each threshold value, finds that the position of the center is obviously changed when the threshold value is larger than 0.2mm, and the larger the threshold value is, the larger the obtained value error is, so that the center point is obviously changed after the threshold value is larger than 0.2mm, and the obvious error is shown, and considers that the threshold value is reasonable below 0.2mm, and takes 0.2mm as the threshold value so as to generate the contact points as few as possible for saving the calculated amount.

Step S5, measuring the area of the tendon-bone junction part of each anatomical structure and the distance between the central points of the anatomical structures by the PLC:

based on the calculated tendinous bone junction and center point coordinate positions of step S4, we measured the area of each anatomical structure of the PLC at the tendinous bone junction of the femur and fibula, and measured the mutual distance between the center points of FCL and PT tendinous bone junctions on the femur and the mutual distance between the center points of FCL, BT and PFL tendinous bone junctions on the fibula.

Furthermore, we also performed the following measurements on left and right knee specimens of CVH-1, CVH-2 and CVH-5:

1. the distance between the distal lateral anterior and posterior edges of the femur was measured as shown in fig. 3A.

2. The distance between the location of the center point of the femoral tendinous junction of FCL, PT for each specimen and the anterior, posterior and inferior edges of the distal lateral surface of the femur was measured as shown in fig. 3A and 3B.

3. The ratio of the distance between the center point position of the femoral tendinous bone junction of FCL and PT of each specimen and the front edge and the rear edge of the distal outer side of the femur to the distance between the front edge and the rear edge of the distal outer side of the femur was calculated.

From the study, there was a large difference in morphology and size of the tendinous bone junction for each structure, and there was no consistent standard. By calculation of the center point we can see that whatever its morphology and size is different, but its location of the center point of the tendinous bone junction has relatively consistent adhesion properties on the femur and fibula, including its relative position on the bone and distance from each other, so that a conclusion can be drawn that the attachment of the tendinous bone junction of each structure is relatively consistent, which is very important for anatomical studies and PLC surgical planning.

The determination of the tendinous bone junction helps to define the surface morphology and location of the tendon and bone interface, helps to study the anatomy and morphology of the tendinous bone junction, and to plan and optimize orthopaedic ligament reconstruction surgical procedures. Quantitative calculation is carried out on the tendon-bone junction by a method based on Chinese visual human body image set and a computer, and the obtained value is more accurate than that of the prior method based on general anatomy or MRI image.

The measurement of the center point and the mutual distance is beneficial to accurately describing and researching the anatomical position and the adjacent relation of the anatomical structure, and the determination of the center point of the anatomical structure can help the orthopedics to select the PLC reconstruction operation mode, including the determination of the fixed point tunnel scheme of the specific anatomical structure and optimize the operation scheme.

Step S6, creating a 3d-pdf model, and visualizing the tendon-bone junction of the PLC:

the interactive 3D-pdf model was created by using CINEMA 4D and Adobe Acrobat 9Pro Extended software, including a three-dimensional model of PLC and surrounding structures, and the morphology of the tendinous bone-joining portion, for multi-angle multi-azimuth display of the morphology of the tendinous bone-joining portion, the center point position, and the mutual position of each anatomical tendinous bone-joining portion (fig. 1I), fig. 1I is an interactive 3D-pdf schematic diagram of the PLC tendinous bone-joining portion, fig. 1, fe represents femur, ti represents tibia, fi represents fibula, PT represents popliteal tendon, BT represents biceps femoris tendon, FCL represents fibular collateral ligament, PFL represents popliteal ligament, tendinous bone-joining portion of FCL and bone, tendinous bone-joining portion of PT and bone, tendinous bone-joining portion of BT and bone, and tendinous bone-joining portion of PFL and bone.

Conclusion:

1 femur measurement:

the distance between the distal outer anterior and posterior edges of the femur of 6 specimens was measured, as shown in fig. 3A, where a represents the distance from the distal anterior edge to the posterior edge of the femur, b represents the distance from the central point of the femoral tendinous junction of the FCL to the anterior edge of the femur, c represents the distance from the central point of the femoral tendinous junction of the FCL to the posterior edge of the femur, and d represents the distance from the central point of the femoral tendinous junction of the FCL to the inferior edge of the femur. From the measurement data, the values of the left and right knees of the same digital person are equal or have little difference. CVH-1 is male, height 170, distance between the front and rear edges of the distal end of the femur of the left knee joint is 54.96mm, and distance between the front and rear edges of the distal end of the femur of the right knee joint is 54.35mm; CVH-2 is female, height 162, distance between the front and rear edges of the distal outer side of the femur of the left knee joint is 55.01mm, and distance between the front and rear edges of the distal outer side of the femur of the right knee joint is 55.02mm; CVH-5 is female, height 170, distance between the front edge and the rear edge of the far end outer side of the femur of the left knee joint is 54.99mm, distance between the front edge and the rear edge of the far end outer side of the femur of the right knee joint is 55.02mm, mean value and variance of the distance between the front edge and the rear edge of the far end outer side of the femur of the CVH data set are 54.89+/-0.27 mm, the height of CVH-1 is the same as that of CVH-5, the height of CVH-2 specimens is shorter than that of CVH-1 and CVH-5, and the numerical values of the specimens are not obviously different due to the difference of the sex and the height of the specimens.

Femur tendon bone junction of 2 PLC:

the FCL and PT in the PLC construct had constant attachment to the femur, with the FCL dead center at the condylar process of the lateral femoral condyle, the PT dead center at the condylar fossa of the lateral femoral condyle, and the FCL tendinous bone junction generally at the superior anterior portion of PT (fig. 2A-D), but the FCL of the right knee of CVH-5 was located at the superior posterior portion of PT, accounting for 20% of the total (fig. 2E), the FCL femoral tendinous bone junction was approximately circular, the PT femoral tendinous bone junction was approximately elliptical, and both shapes were irregular (fig. 2A-E). Fig. 2A corresponds to fig. 1F, fig. 2B corresponds to fig. 1H, the image in the black frame C in fig. 2A corresponds to fig. 2C, and the image in the black frame D in fig. 2B corresponds to fig. 2D. The white points in fig. 2A-B are the center points of the respective anatomies of the PLC at the tendinous bone junction of the femur and fibula, and the white points in fig. 2C-E are the center points of the FCL and PT structures of the PLC at the tendinous bone junction of the femur. In fig. 2C-E, the upper white point is the FCL at the center point of the femoral tendinous junction, the lower white point is the PT at the center point of the femoral tendinous junction, and each center point, i.e., the dark area where each white point is located, is the corresponding anatomical structure at the femoral tendinous junction.

2.1FCL femoral tendinous junction:

the FCL had constant attachment at the lateral femoral condyle and the FCL femoral tendinous bone junction was approximately circular with a large variation in contact surface size (fig. 1D, fig. 1F, fig. 2C-E).

The center point of the FCL femoral tendinous junction was 41.26 ±1.80mm from the femoral anterior edge, 13.63±1.78mm from the femoral posterior edge, and 14.46±0.46mm from the femoral inferior edge, measured on the CVH. The ratio of the average distance from the femoral tendinous junction center point of the FCL to the femoral anterior edge to the distance of the femoral lateral anterior and posterior edges is 0.75±0.03, as shown in fig. 3A.

2.2PT femoral tendinous bone junction:

PT has a constant attachment at the intercondylar notch of the lateral femoral condyle, and PT has a large difference in the contact area of the femoral tendinous junction, approximately oval or downward-shaped elongated shape (fig. 1F, 1H, 2C-E).

The center point of the femoral tendinous junction of PT was 42.72±0.61mm from the femoral anterior edge, 12.1±0.51mm from the femoral posterior edge, and 10.8±0.24mm from the femoral inferior edge. The average distance from the center point of the femoral tendon joint of PT to the front edge of femur is 0.78±0.01 (fig. 3B), where e represents the distance from the center point of the femoral tendon joint of PT to the front edge of femur, f represents the distance from the center point of the femoral tendon joint of PT to the rear edge of femur, and g represents the distance from the center point of the femoral tendon joint of PT to the lower edge of femur.

2.3 distance of the center point of femoral tendinous junction of FCL from the center point of femoral tendinous junction of PT:

the lower edge of FCL femoral tendinous junction and the upper edge of PT femoral tendinous junction are adjacent or contiguous, and the center point of FCL femoral tendinous junction is 7.73±1.44mm from the center point of PT femoral tendinous junction (fig. 2E).

Fibula dead center of 3 PLC:

the FCL, BT and PFL in the PLC structure are constantly attached on the fibula, and the front outer side to the rear inner side are respectively FCL, BT and PFL (figure 2A, B, F-H) as viewed from the outer side, and the FCL fibular tendon bone joint part is positioned on the rear outer side joint surface at the upper end of the fibula and is in a round or strip shape; the BT fibula tendon bone joint is positioned on the joint surface at the rear side of the upper end of the fibula, and the shape and the size of the BT fibula tendon bone joint are greatly changed and irregular; the PFL fibular tendinous bone junction is at the fibular tip and the contact surface is approximately circular or oval (FIGS. 2F-H). The image in the black frame F in fig. 2A is a position corresponding to fig. 2F, and the image in the black frame G in fig. 2B is a position corresponding to fig. 2G. The white spots in fig. 2F-H are the FCL, BT and PFL structures of the PLC at the center point of the ossicular joint. In fig. 2F to H, the white point at the upper part is the center point of PFL at the tendon-bone junction of fibula, the white point at the middle is the center point of BT at the tendon-bone junction of fibula, the white point at the lower part is the center point of FCL at the tendon-bone junction of fibula, and each center point, i.e. the dark area where each white point is located, is the tendon-bone junction of fibula corresponding to each white point.

3.1FCL fibular tendon-strand junction:

the FCL has constant adhesion on the posterior lateral surface of the upper articular surface of the fibula, and the fibular tendon bone joint area is irregular. The center point of FCL fibular tendinous bone junction is located mostly on the posterior lateral side of the fibular upper articular surface (fig. 1D, F, fig. 2A, B, F, G), with only the center points of FCL fibular tendinous bone junctions of left and right knees of CVH-1 being located on the lateral outer edge of the fibular upper articular surface (fig. 2H).

3.2BT fibular tendon-strand junction:

BT is constantly attached to the middle and rear parts of the upper end joint surface of fibula, and the size of the fibular tendon bone combining part is different. The center point of the BT and fibular tendinous bone junction is located medially posteriorly of the superior fibular articular surface (fig. 1F, H, fig. 2F-H).

3.3PFL fibular tendon-strand junction:

the PFL had constant adhesion at the fibular head tip, the contact area was smaller than the tendon-bone junction area of FCL and BT, and the center point of the PFL fibular tendon-strand junction was located at the femoral head tip (fig. 1F, H, fig. 2F-H).

3.4 center point distance of fibular tendinous bone junction of FCL, BT and PFL:

in 90% of specimens, the rear upper edge of FCL fibula tendinous bone junction was adjacent to and bordered by the front lower edge of BT fibula tendinous bone junction, and PFL fibula tendinous bone junction was not bordered by BT fibula tendinous bone junction. The FCL fibular tendinous junction center point was 6.03±0.89mm from the BT fibular tendinous junction center point, the FCL fibular tendinous junction center point was 14.81±3.33mm from the PFL fibular tendinous junction center point, and the BT fibular tendinous junction center point was 10.07±2.47mm from the PFL fibular tendinous junction center point.

At the joint of the femur, the joint contact area of the FCL is 32.15+ -11.86 mm ² PT tendinous bone junction contact area was 72.18.+ -. 26.94mm ² At the tendon-bone junction of fibula, the contact area of the tendon-bone junction of FCL is 37.31 + -19.06 mm ² BT tendon-bone junction contact area is 58.94 + -27.14 mm ² The contact area of the tendon-bone junction of PFL is 11.72+ -5.83 mm ² 。

According to the study of the embodiment of the invention, although the morphology and contact area of the tendon-bone junction are different, the location of the center point of each of the structural femur and fibular tendon-bone junctions has relatively uniform adhesion characteristics, including their relative locations on the bone and distances from each other. From the results of the calculation of the present invention for the ratio of the FCL and PT femoral tendinous junction center points to the distance of the anterior, posterior and inferior edges on the outside of the femur to the anterior and posterior edges on the outside of the femur, the ratio of FCL and PT center points at the relative positions of the femur was nearly identical on each CVH dataset. This means that the center point of the FCL and PT femoral tendinous junction has a consistent attachment location on the femur. Further examining the fibular tendinous bone junction of FCL, BT and PFL and its center point, it can be seen that the location of the center point and the distance from each other on the fibular tendinous bone junction of the PLC structure are also relatively consistent. Therefore, the invention considers that the positions of the tendon-bone junction parts of the PLC structure are consistent, and particularly the positions of the central points of the tendon-bone junction parts are consistent in attachment positions and attachment rules.

According to the embodiment of the invention, three-dimensional reconstruction models of left and right knee joints of CVH-1, CVH-2 and CVH-5 are successfully constructed, measurement of distances between the outer side front and rear edges of the distal ends of the femur of the knee joints is completed, measurement of distances between the cross sections and the center points of the joint parts of the bones of the femur and the fibula of FCL, PT, PFL and BT of the rear outer side structure, and measurement of distances and ratio of the center points of the joint parts of the bones of the FCL and PT and the femur to the outer side front edges, the rear edges and the lower edges of the femur are completed. FCL, PT and femur, FCL, PFL, BT were found to have constant tendinous bone junction attachment to fibula for all specimens (fig. 1E-H). Of these, CVH-5 images have the best resolution and sharpness, we have used CVH-5 right knee images for tomographic anatomy and three-dimensional morphological representation (FIGS. 1A-H), and have successfully created 3d-pdf models with interactive three-dimensional representation functions, as shown in FIG. 1I.

And compared with the existing method, the method has good operability, high precision, objectivity and accuracy by combining with the Chinese visual human body image set and the computer calculation and measurement method. The method has the advantages that the Chinese visual human data set is adopted as the basis, the Chinese visual human data set is a thin-layer, high-resolution and true-color cross-section image, the image definition is high, and secondly, tissue staining images of the embryo knee joints are adopted as the identification and segmentation datum and reference, the identification and segmentation tissue structures are more accurate than the prior MRI images, and particularly the identification of the starting point and the stopping point of each tissue structure on knee bones is realized.

The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method is characterized in that firstly, a thin-layer true color high-resolution image of a cross section of a human knee joint posterolateral complex tendon-bone junction is identified and segmented, on the basis, three-dimensional reconstruction based on surface drawing is carried out on the knee joint posterolateral complex and adjacent structures, then, the tendon-bone junction and the center point of each anatomical structure of the knee joint posterolateral complex are calculated based on the reconstructed three-dimensional image, the mutual distance between the area and the center point of the tendon-bone junction on thighbone and fibula of each anatomical structure is measured, finally, an interactive 3d-pdf model is created, and the morphological area, the anatomical position and the adjacent relation of the tendon-bone junction of the human knee joint posterolateral complex are visualized, and the specific steps are as follows:

step S2, image segmentation of each anatomical structure of the knee joint and the PLC: importing a thin layer of a cross section of a rear outer side structure of a bilateral knee joint of a selected data set and a high-resolution image into Amira software, performing data segmentation on the knee joint, a PLC and adjacent structures thereof, selecting a row of embryo knee joints to perform cross section tissue sections to perform HE and Masson staining, and identifying the tissue structures of the embryo knee joints to be used as a datum and a reference for image identification segmentation;

step S3, three-dimensional digital reconstruction: carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction based on surface drawing on knee joint bones, PLCs and adjacent structures thereof by using Amira software, and carrying out smoothing and simplification treatment on the reconstructed three-dimensional model surface;

step S4, calculating the tendon-bone junction part and the central point of the PLC: the three-dimensional images reconstructed by the femur, tibia and fibula of the knee joint and FCL, PT, PFL, BT of the PLC are led out in a triangular grid format, all contact surfaces of FCL, PT, PFL, BT in the PLC with the tendon-bone joint parts of the femur and fibula of the knee joint are marked, and the tendon-bone joint parts of the above anatomical structures on the femur and fibula can be obtained; in addition, the geometric center point of the tendon-bone joint of each PLC on the femur and the fibula is calculated and taken as the center point of the tendon-bone joint of the anatomic structure; calculating the geometric center of each anatomical structure tendon-bone junction, namely calculating the average value of coordinate values of all contact points of the tendon-bone junction of each anatomical structure in the PLC;

the FCL, PT, PFL, BT method comprises the steps of respectively exporting three-dimensional images of each anatomical structure after three-dimensional reconstruction by triangular patch grids, exporting the exported file format into stl file format, exporting each anatomical structure into a curved surface formed by triangular grids, defining all triangular patches of each anatomical structure of the PLC connected with the femur and the fibula as pre-contact surfaces, and if the distance from three vertexes of the triangular patches to the femur or the fibula is smaller than a contact threshold value, wherein the contact threshold value is 0.2mm, the three vertexes of the triangular patches are contact surfaces of the connecting parts of the structure and the femur or the fibula, and defining the triangular patches as all contact surfaces of each anatomical structure of the PLC connected with the femur or the fibula according to the calculation, so as to calculate the bone connecting parts of each anatomical structure and the femur or the fibula;