CN110765650B - Method for measuring and calculating sand content of debris flow volume - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring and calculating the sand content of the volume of a debris flow. The measuring and calculating method comprises the steps of firstly determining particle grading data of a debris flow sediment sample, and further determining particle content P smaller than 2.000mm 2 And a particle content P of less than 0.005mm 0.005 If 0.284.ltoreq.P is satisfied 2 P is more than or equal to 0.991 and less than or equal to 0.018 0.005 And (3) the volume sand content of the debris flow is calculated by a volume sand content calculation formula and is less than or equal to 0.333. The method does not need subjective judgment when determining the sand content of the debris flow volume, fully considers the influence of the grain composition of the debris flow deposit on the sand content of the volume, particularly the influence of the grain content smaller than 2.000mm and smaller than 0.005mm on the sand content of the debris flow volume, establishes a debris flow volume sand content calculation formula with wide applicability, harmonious dimension and exponential function type, can reasonably determine the sand content of the debris flow volume, provides basis for debris flow investigation and prevention engineering design, has scientific and simple calculation process and small calculation result error, and can meet the requirements of the engineering field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of debris flow control, in particular to a method for measuring and calculating the sand content of the volume of debris flow.
Background
The debris flow is one of the most common geological disaster types in mountain areas in China, and has the characteristics of sudden outbreak, large erosion and deposition and strong destructive power. In recent years, the global climate change causes the remarkable increase of extreme weather, and the earthquake activity tends to be enhanced, so that the debris flow activity in the western mountain areas of China enters the active period, and the extremely serious debris flow disasters frequently occur, so that the life and property safety of residents in the mountain areas is seriously threatened. In order to ensure sustainable development of social economy in mountainous areas, it is necessary to develop prevention and control of debris flow channels.
Debris flow is a key parameter in debris flow risk assessment and engineering control. When calculating the debris flow rate and the total amount of disposable solid matters under different frequency conditions, the peak flow rate of the debris flow needs to be determined by multiplying the peak flow rate of the flood by the sediment amplification coefficient and the blockage coefficient. And the scientific and reasonable calculation of the sand content of the mud-rock flow volume is the basis for calculating the mud-rock flow amplification coefficient. In addition, when Flow 2D and other numerical simulation software are adopted to analyze the movement process of the debris Flow, the sand content of the volume of the debris Flow is also an indispensable important parameter.
Currently, commonly used methods for determining the sand content of the mud-rock flow volume include a direct measurement method, a field investigation test method and an empirical formula calculation method. The method for directly measuring the volume sand content of the debris flow is characterized in that a debris flow sample is needed to be taken when the debris flow occurs, but the debris flow is suddenly violent and is difficult to directly obtain; the on-site investigation test method is seriously dependent on subjective judgment of a debris flow witness. Therefore, in the debris flow exploration, the sand content of the debris flow volume is mostly calculated by adopting an empirical formula. In the existing mud-rock flow volume sand content empirical formula, the calculation is partially performed according to the characteristic particle size of mud-rock flow deposit, such as the median particle size, but the problem of dissonance of dimension exists; some empirical formulas are calculated according to percentage contents of different particle sizes, but the formula structures are unitary multiple functions or power functions, so that the problems of dissonance of dimensions and larger error exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring and calculating the sand content of the debris flow volume, which aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art, does not need subjective judgment when determining the sand content of the debris flow volume, fully considers the influence of the grain composition of the debris flow deposit on the sand content of the volume, particularly the influence of the grain content which is smaller than 2.000mm and smaller than 0.005mm on the sand content of the debris flow volume, establishes a debris flow volume sand content calculation formula which has wide applicability and harmonious dimension based on the statistical regression of a large amount of observation data, gives the application range of the formula, and has small calculation error.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for measuring and calculating the volume sand content of a debris flow, which has the following technical ideas:
first, by comparing and analyzing 128 groups of Jiang Gugou and muddy water ditch field direct observation data, the sand content (C) affecting the volume of the debris flow is determined V ) Comprises a particle content P of less than 2.000mm 2 And a particle content P of less than 0.005mm 0.005 ，C V 、P 2 And P 0.005 Are all dimensionless numbers, and C V And P 2 And P 0.005 An exponential function relation exists between the two, so that the calculation for determining the sand content of the mud-rock flow volume adopts an exponential function form, and the method is specifically as follows:
C V ＝m 1 exp(m 2 P 2 )exp(m 3 P 0.005 )
wherein m is 1 、m 2 And m 3 For undetermined parameters, C V To the sand content of the mud-rock flow volume, P 2 P is a particle content of less than 2.000mm 0.005 Is a particle content of less than 0.005 mm.
Secondly, collecting field direct observation data of the volume sand content of the debris flow, relating to 128 groups of data of a Yunnan Jiang ditch and a muddy water ditch, carrying out regression analysis, and determining a pending parameter m 1 ＝0.9546、m 2 ＝-0.7982、m 3 = -0.8717. Among the 128 sets of data, P 2 The distribution range of (C) is 0.284-0.991, P 0.005 The distribution range of (2) is 0.018-0.333.
And finally, verifying an obtained debris flow volume sand content calculation formula by using 22 groups of field direct observation data which are collected and relate to 7 channels of Gansu Bay ditch, mud Bay ditch, mountain back ditch, fire ditch, muddy River in the United states, pan Creek and Italy Acquabona Creek. Among these 22 sets of data, P 2 The distribution range of (C) is 0.351-0.797, P 0.005 The distribution range of (2) is 0.018 to 0.080. The result shows that the root mean square error of the calculated value of the sand content of the debris flow volume obtained by the method is 0.092, and is smaller than the calculation formula of the sand content of the existing debris flow volume; in addition, the maximum value of the relative error between the calculated value and the measured value of the volume sand content of the debris flow obtained by the method is 28%, and the maximum value of the relative error between the predicted value and the measured value of the volume sand content of the debris flow in the existing formula is 31% -58%.
Specifically, the method for measuring and calculating the sand content of the debris flow volume comprises the following steps:
firstly, performing field investigation on a debris flow ditch in which debris flows occur to obtain a debris flow deposition sample with the maximum particle size of less than or equal to 100.00mm, and performing an indoor screening test and a Markov instrument test on the obtained sample to determine particle grading data of the debris flow deposition sample; determining the particle content P of less than 2.000mm according to the particle grading data of the debris flow deposition sample 2 And a particle content P of less than 0.005mm 0.005 ；P 2 、P 0.005 There is no dimension.
(II) the particle content P of less than 2.000mm obtained in the step (I) 2 And a particle content P of less than 0.005mm 0.005 Judging; if 0.284.ltoreq.P is satisfied 2 P is more than or equal to 0.991 and less than or equal to 0.018 0.005 And (3) if the temperature is less than or equal to 0.333, continuing to carry out the step (III); otherwise, the measurement is ended, i.e. if P 2 Less than 0.284 or greater than 0.991, or P 0.005 If the debris flow gully is smaller than 0.018 or larger than 0.333, the debris flow gully is not applicable to the measuring and calculating method of the invention, and the step (III) cannot be continued.
(III) is calculated by the following formulaTo the sand content C of the mud-rock flow volume v
C V ＝0.9546exp(-0.7982P 2 )exp(-0.8717P 0.005 )
Wherein C is v -the sand content of the debris flow volume, dimensionless;
P 2 -a particle content of less than 2.000mm, determined in step (one);
P 0.005 -a particle content of less than 0.005mm, as determined in step (one).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the influence of the particle content smaller than 2.000mm and the particle content smaller than 0.005mm on the sand content of the debris flow volume is fully considered, subjective judgment is not needed, required parameters can be accurately determined through field investigation sampling and indoor experiments, and the dimension of a calculation formula is harmonious; the sand content of the debris flow volume is calculated by adopting an index function type with wide applicability, the calculation error is less than 28 percent, and the root mean square error of the calculated value of 22 groups of data of 7 grooves for verification analysis is 0.092 and is less than the existing empirical formula. The method can reasonably determine the sand content of the debris flow volume, provides basis for debris flow investigation and prevention engineering design, has harmonious dimension of a calculation method, is scientific and simple in calculation process, has small error of measuring and calculating results, and can meet the requirements of the engineering field.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are further described below.
Example 1
In 2010, mass-produced debris flows occur along the line at high-speed, both venturi and the soil. Wherein, the area of a certain debris flow basin on the left bank of Minjian is 0.70km 2 The main ditch has a ditch length of 1.34km, the altitude of the highest sea-pulling point in the river basin is 2184m, the lowest point is the ditch opening through which the G213 line of the national road of Wenchun county passes, the altitude is 1025m, the maximum relative altitude difference is 1159m, and the average longitudinal slope ratio of the main ditch is reduced to 601 per mill. The ditch is in the shape of an inverted fan, the topography in the ditch is high, low in east, high and low in west, the south side of the ditch is adjacent to the upper ginkgo plateau ditch, the north side is demarcated from the Sha Pingguan ditch, and the ditch merges into Minjiang from east to west. The slopes on the two sides are steeper, generally 30-70 degrees, and the local part is the cliff landform. To alleviate,The threat of mud-rock flow disasters to the high-speed all-venturi is eliminated, and the ditch needs to be surveyed and engineering management is carried out. The sand content of the debris flow volume is one of key parameters for carrying out debris flow engineering management.
The method for measuring and calculating the sand content of the debris flow volume is used for determining the sand content of the debris flow volume, and comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, acquiring a debris flow deposition sample through on-site pit detection sampling, and determining particle grading data of the debris flow deposition sample through carrying out an indoor screening test and a Markov instrument test as follows:
| particle size (mm) | 60 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
| Less than a certain particle size percentage (%) | 100 | 97.66 | 92.99 | 79.66 | 55.16 | 44.66 |
| Particle size (mm) | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.0075 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.005 |
| Less than a certain particle size percentage (%) | 29.24 | 19.16 | 11.2 | 9.88 | 3.81 | 2.05 |
TABLE 1 particle size distribution of mud-rock flow deposition samples along mud-rock flow trench openings of Wenshang highway
P can be determined according to Table 1 above 2 ＝55.16％，P 0.005 ＝2.05％。
A second step of obtaining P according to the first step 2 And P 0.005 Data satisfy P of 0.284 ∈ 2 P is more than or equal to 0.991 and less than or equal to 0.018 0.005 And less than or equal to 0.333, and continuing to perform the third step, wherein the debris flow volume sand content of the ditch can be calculated by adopting the debris flow volume sand content measuring and calculating method provided by the invention.
Third step, P determined in the first step is added 2 ＝55.16％、P 0.005 =2.05% substituted into formula C V ＝0.9546exp(-0.7982P 2 )exp(-0.8717P 0.005 ) The debris flow volume sand content of the trench was calculated to be 0.604.
It should be pointed out that expert field investigation judges that the volume sand content of the debris flow in the ditch should be greater than 0.485, and the volume sand content of the debris flow determined according to the field investigation test method is 0.564, which is very similar to the volume sand content of the debris flow calculated according to the method of the invention, which also shows that the volume sand content calculation method provided by the invention has stronger applicability.
Example two
5 months and 8 days in 2016, a debris flow disaster occurs in a debris flow ditch at a position 1.50km downstream of a certain power station in Fujian Taining county, and the debris flow destroys an office building and two temporary work sheds of a ditch power plant. The debris flow ditch is positioned at the middle section of Wuyi mountain, and the area of the river basin is 0.44km 2 The length of the main ditch is 1.05km, the elevation of the highest point in the river basin is 600m, the elevation of the lowest point in the river basin is about 288m, the relative height difference is about 312m, and the average aspect ratio of the main ditch is reduced to 485 per mill. In order to lighten and eliminate the threat of the debris flow disaster to the hydropower station near the ditch opening, the ditch needs to be surveyed and engineering management is carried out. The sand content of the debris flow volume is one of key parameters for carrying out debris flow engineering management.
The method for measuring and calculating the sand content of the debris flow volume is used for determining the sand content of the debris flow volume under the condition of a natural debris flow channel, and comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, acquiring a debris flow deposition sample through on-site pit detection sampling, and determining particle grading data of the debris flow deposition sample through carrying out an indoor screening test and a Markov instrument test as follows:
| particle size (mm) | 60 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
| Less than a certain particle size percentage (%) | 100 | 73.2 | 59.16 | 47.63 | 38.27 | 27.65 |
| Particle size (mm) | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.0075 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.005 |
| Less than a certain particle size percentage (%) | 21.26 | 12.93 | 8.71 | 8.33 | 5.95 | 4.91 |
TABLE 1 particle size distribution of debris flow deposit samples at the debris flow gully opening in Fujian Taining county
P can be determined according to Table 1 above 2 ＝38.27％，P 0.005 ＝4.91％。
A second step of obtaining P according to the first step 2 And P 0.005 Data satisfy P of 0.284 ∈ 2 P is more than or equal to 0.991 and less than or equal to 0.018 0.005 And less than or equal to 0.333, and continuing to perform the third step, wherein the debris flow volume sand content of the ditch can be calculated by adopting the debris flow volume sand content measuring and calculating method provided by the invention.
Third stepStep, P determined in the first step 2 ＝38.27％、P 0.005 =4.91% substituted into formula C V ＝0.9546exp(-0.7982P 2 )exp(-0.8717P 0.005 ) The debris flow volume sand content of the trench was calculated to be 0.692.
Expert field investigation determines that the debris flow generated in the ditch is a viscous debris flow, the volume sand content of the debris flow is larger than 0.485, and the volume sand content of the debris flow obtained by adopting the measuring and calculating method provided by the invention is 0.692, which also shows that the calculation result of the volume sand content of the debris flow is reasonable.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring and calculating the sand content of the volume of a debris flow is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for measuring and calculating the sand content of the debris flow volume comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining a debris flow deposition sample with the maximum particle size less than or equal to 100.00mm through site investigation, and carrying out an indoor screening test and a Markov instrument test on the obtained sample to determine particle grading data of the debris flow deposition sample; determining the particle content P of less than 2.000mm according to the particle grading data of the debris flow deposition sample 2 And a particle content P of less than 0.005mm 0.005 ；
(II) the particle content P of less than 2.000mm obtained in the step (I) 2 And a particle content P of less than 0.005mm 0.005 Judging; if 0.284.ltoreq.P is satisfied 2 P is more than or equal to 0.991 and less than or equal to 0.018 0.005 And (3) if the temperature is less than or equal to 0.333, continuing to carry out the step (III); otherwise, the measurement is finished;
(III) calculating the volume sand content C of the debris flow according to the following formula v
C V ＝0.9546exp(-0.7982P 2 )exp(-0.8717P 0.005 )
Wherein C is v -the volume sand content of the debris flow;
P 2 -a particle content of less than 2.000mm, determined in step (one);
P 0.005 -a particle content of less than 0.005mm, as determined in step (one).
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| CN107179419A (en) * | 2017-05-14 | 2017-09-19 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Viscous mud-flow mean velocity in section measuring method |
| CN107727355A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-23 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of fluid chooses horizontal range measuring method and its application |
| CN109766513A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-05-17 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of measuring method of mud-rock flow mean velocity in section |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107179419A (en) * | 2017-05-14 | 2017-09-19 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Viscous mud-flow mean velocity in section measuring method |
| CN107727355A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-23 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of fluid chooses horizontal range measuring method and its application |
| CN109766513A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-05-17 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of measuring method of mud-rock flow mean velocity in section |
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| Title |
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| EFFECT OF CEC, SALINITY, SAND CONTENT, AND PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ON MUD ROCK PROPERTIES;Dessouki, Mohab;《 Published ETD Collection》;1-173 * |
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