CN110764129A - Multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector - Google Patents

Multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110764129A
CN110764129A CN201911117373.6A CN201911117373A CN110764129A CN 110764129 A CN110764129 A CN 110764129A CN 201911117373 A CN201911117373 A CN 201911117373A CN 110764129 A CN110764129 A CN 110764129A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
detector
gas
ionization chamber
channel low
pressure ionization
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Pending
Application number
CN201911117373.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张继宗
陈开云
胡立群
赵金龙
李超智
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Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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Priority to CN201911117373.6A priority Critical patent/CN110764129A/en
Publication of CN110764129A publication Critical patent/CN110764129A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/185—Measuring radiation intensity with ionisation chamber arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21B—FUSION REACTORS
    • G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
    • G21B1/25—Maintenance, e.g. repair or remote inspection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

Abstract

The invention discloses a gas detector of a multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber, which comprises a detector array and a gas chamber. The detector array comprises five detector channels, wherein each of the five detector channels comprises three metal electrodes, the three metal electrodes are arranged on the insulating ceramic in parallel, and the metal electrode at the middle position is used as an anode (collector) of the detector; the two metal electrodes at the two sides are electrically connected together to serve as the cathode of the detector. The gas chamber comprises a metal cavity, a beryllium window assembly, an electric penetration assembly, an air exhaust pipeline and an air inflation pipeline. The detector array is mounted inside the gas chamber.

Description

Multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of X-ray detection, in particular to X-ray detection under the condition of nuclear irradiation.
Background
Common soft X-ray detectors, such as silicon photodiode detectors, scintillator detectors, etc., cannot be used normally under nuclear irradiation conditions, and even can be damaged rapidly and fail. Although the common gas detector can resist radiation, the common gas detector has the problems of complex structure, few channels, high working voltage/air pressure, small sensitive area, no gas maintenance interface and the like, and is not suitable for the requirements of simple and reliable structure, high spatial resolution, low working voltage/air pressure, high signal-to-noise ratio, convenient maintenance and the like on a fusion reactor device.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector, which solves the problems that a common X-ray detector is not radiation-resistant and the common gas detector is not suitable for the X-ray detection requirement of a fusion reactor device, and realizes the diagnosis technical requirements of simple and reliable structure, high spatial resolution, low working voltage/air pressure, high signal-to-noise ratio, convenient maintenance and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector, which comprises a detector array, wherein the detector array comprises five detector channels, each of the five detector channels comprises three metal electrodes, the three metal electrodes are parallel to each other and are arranged on insulating ceramics at equal intervals, and the metal electrode positioned in the middle position is used as an anode (collector) of the detector; the two metal electrodes at the two sides are electrically connected together to serve as the cathode of the detector.
In one embodiment, the multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector further comprises a gas chamber, wherein the gas chamber comprises a metal cavity, a beryllium window assembly, an electric penetration assembly, an air exhaust pipeline and an air inflation pipeline.
In one embodiment, the multi-channel low pressure ionization chamber gas detector is wherein the detector array is mounted inside the gas chamber and the detector array and the gas chamber are insulated by insulating ceramic.
In one embodiment, the multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector comprises five detector channels, wherein two adjacent detector channels share one metal electrode as a cathode, and the five detector channels form a common cathode structure.
In one embodiment, the multi-channel low pressure ionization chamber gas detector, wherein the detector array of five detector channels has a regular shape of five rows and one column.
In one embodiment, the multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector wherein the beryllium window assembly comprises a sheet of beryllium film and a metal support structure.
In one embodiment, the multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector is one in which the gas chamber is a vacuum-tight chamber formed of a metallic material.
In one embodiment, the multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector, wherein the five detector channels are capable of operating under beryllium films of the same voltage, the same gas pressure, and the same thickness.
In one embodiment, the introduction of the bias power supply and the output of the signal of the multi-channel low-voltage ionization chamber gas detector are realized by a switching circuit, and the switching circuit has a voltage stabilizing function and simultaneously protects the amplifier array from the bias power supply when the insulation of the detector fails.
The multi-channel low-voltage ionization chamber gas detector solves the problems that a common X-ray detector is not radiation-resistant and the common gas detector is not suitable for the X-ray detection requirement of a fusion reactor device, and meets the diagnosis technical requirements of simple and reliable structure, high spatial resolution, low working voltage/air pressure, high signal-to-noise ratio, convenience in maintenance and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 3D model structure diagram of a multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a system block diagram of a multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
the gas detector comprises a 100-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector, a 110 detector array, a 120 gas chamber, 130 insulating ceramics, a 111 detector channel and a 111a first metal electrode; 111b second metal electrode, 111c third metal electrode, 121 metal cavity, 122 beryllium window component, 123 electrical penetration component, 124 air exhaust pipeline, 125 gas charging pipeline, and insulating ceramic 130.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention without creative efforts.
An embodiment according to the invention is explained below with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 2(a) - (c), an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-channel low pressure ionization chamber gas detector 100 comprising a detector array 110. The detector array 110 includes five detector channels 111, wherein each of the five detector channels 111 includes a first metal electrode 111a, a second metal electrode 111b, and a third metal electrode 111c, and the first metal electrode 111a, the second metal electrode 111b, and the third metal electrode 111c are mounted on the insulating ceramic 130 in parallel and at equal distances from each other, and the second metal electrode 111b located at the middle position serves as an anode (collector) of the detector; the first metal electrode 111a and the third metal electrode 111c located at both side positions collectively function as a cathode of the detector by electrical connection. Two adjacent detector channels 111 share one metal electrode as a cathode, and five detector channels 111 form a common cathode structure. The detector array 110 of five detector channels 111 has a regular shape of five rows and one column.
The multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector 100 further comprises a gas chamber 120. The gas chamber 120 includes a metal cavity 121, a beryllium window assembly 122, an electroporation component 123, a gas evacuation conduit 124, and a gas inflation conduit 125. The detector array 110 is fixedly mounted inside the gas chamber 120, and the detector array 110 and the gas chamber 120 are insulated from each other by an insulating ceramic 130.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic 3D model architecture of a multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector includes a detector array 110, an insulating ceramic 130, a metal cavity 121, a beryllium window assembly 122, an electroporation component 123, an extraction duct 124, and an inflation duct 125. The detector array 110 includes five detector channels 111, the five detector channels 111 being mounted in parallel and equidistant on an insulating ceramic 130 to form the detector array 110. One end of the metal cavity 121 is provided with a beryllium window assembly 122, the other end is provided with an electric penetration assembly 123, and an air exhaust pipeline 124 and an air inflation pipeline 125 are arranged on two sides.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the distance between adjacent metal electrodes on the detector array 110 is 4mm, which can generate a strong enough electric field at a lower voltage less than 200V, thereby realizing the requirement of low operating voltage. Each detector channel 111 on the detector array 110 is a cuboid structure, the effective sensitive area is 8mm multiplied by 40mm, and the depth is 100 mm. The spacing between adjacent detector channels 111 is 10mm, which can meet the high spatial resolution requirement.
Beryllium window assembly 122 as shown in fig. 1 comprises a beryllium film and a metal support structure, wherein, in the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the beryllium film is 200 μm, and the beryllium film under the thickness has enough mechanical strength to keep intact when the air pressure difference between two sides of the beryllium film is less than 5 atmospheres, and can effectively filter low-energy X-rays; the effective beryllium membrane area is 50mm x 40mm, the beryllium membrane under the area can completely cover the whole detector array 110, and the five detector channels 111 forming the detector array 110 can work under the beryllium membrane with the same thickness.
As shown in FIG. 1, a metal cavity 121, beryllium window assembly 122, electroporation assembly 123, gas evacuation conduit 124, and gas inflation conduit 125 form a gas chamber 120. A detector array 110 consisting of five detector channels 111 is fixedly mounted inside the gas chamber 120, each detector channel 111 being operable at the same gas, the same gas pressure. The detector array 110 and the gas chamber 120 are insulated by the insulating ceramic 130, so that the requirements of simple and reliable detector structure and convenient maintenance are met.
In the present embodiment, the gas chamber 120 meets the vacuum sealing requirement (leak rate less than 6.5 × 10)-10Pa·m3·s-1) And the working gas in the gas chamber 120 is high purity argon (purity greater than 99.99%). High purity argon gas 100mm thick at 1 atmosphere has sufficiently high detection efficiency for X-rays, fulfilling the need for low working pressures (less than 5 atmospheres). Meanwhile, the overall structure of the gas chamber 120 is made of a metal material, so that external electromagnetic interference can be shielded, and the requirement of a detector for high signal-to-noise ratio can be met.
Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a multi-channel low pressure ionization chamber gas detector 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2(b), the detector array 110 includes five detector channels 111, each detector channel 111 is composed of a first metal electrode 111a, a second metal electrode 111b and a third metal electrode 111c, each metal electrode is parallel and equidistantly distributed, and the second metal electrode 111b at the middle position serves as an anode (collector) of the detector; the first metal electrode 111a and the third metal electrode 111c located at both side positions collectively function as a cathode of the detector by electrical connection. As shown in fig. 2(c), the gas chamber 120 is composed of a metal cavity 121, a beryllium window assembly 122, an electroporation component 123, a gas exhaust duct 124 and a gas charging duct 125, and the gas chamber 120 is a closed space composed of a metal material. As shown in fig. 2(a), the detector array 110 composed of five detector channels 111 is mounted on the insulating ceramic 130, and the detector array 110 is mounted in the gas chamber 120 together with the insulating ceramic 130. Two adjacent detector channels 111 share one first metal electrode 111a or third metal electrode 111c as a cathode, and five detector channels 111 form a common cathode structure. Each detector channel 111 of the detector array 110 is capable of operating at the same voltage. The detector array 110 of five detector channels 111 has a regular shape of five rows and one column.
As shown in fig. 2(a), the incident X-rays, after passing through the beryllium membrane of beryllium membrane assembly 122, enter detector channel 111 and excite electron-ion pairs in detector channel 111. Under the action of an electric field between the metal electrodes, the electron-ion pairs drift towards the metal electrodes, so that current signals are formed. The current signal output and power input to the detector are accomplished through the electroporation component 123.
Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of a multi-channel low pressure ionization chamber gas detector 100 system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The bias power supply introduction and the signal output of the multi-channel low-voltage ionization chamber gas detector are implemented by a switching circuit. The switching circuit has a voltage stabilizing effect and can protect the amplifier array from being influenced by a bias power supply when the insulation of the detector fails.
In the embodiment of the present invention, before the multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector 100 measures the X-ray, the air exhaust pipeline 124 and the air charging pipeline 125 are respectively connected to the air exhaust device (vacuum pump) and the air charging device (high-pressure air source). The gas chamber 120 is then evacuated to a vacuum (less than 1 x 10) by a vacuum pump-1Pa), then, the atmosphere was again charged with high purity argon. Finally, after the multi-channel low-voltage ionization chamber gas detector 100 is in circuit communication with other devices (an amplifier, a bias power supply and a signal acquisition system) through a switching circuit, the multi-channel low-voltage ionization chamber gas detector can be used for measuring X rays.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, but various changes may be apparent to those skilled in the art, and it is intended that all inventive concepts utilizing the inventive concepts set forth herein be protected without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and limited by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector is characterized in that:
the detector comprises a detector array, wherein the detector array comprises five detector channels, each of the five detector channels comprises three metal electrodes, the three metal electrodes are arranged on insulating ceramic in parallel and at equal distance, and the metal electrode positioned in the middle is used as an anode of the detector, namely a collector; the two metal electrodes at the two sides are electrically connected together to serve as the cathode of the detector.
2. A multi-channel low pressure ionization chamber gas detector as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
the device also comprises a gas chamber, wherein the gas chamber comprises a metal cavity, a beryllium window assembly, an electric penetration assembly, an air exhaust pipeline and an air inflation pipeline.
3. A multi-channel low pressure ionization chamber gas probe as claimed in claims 1 and 2 wherein:
wherein the detector array is mounted inside the gas chamber and the detector array and the gas chamber are insulated from each other by an insulating ceramic.
4. A multi-channel low pressure ionization chamber gas detector as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
and the five detector channels share one metal electrode as a cathode, and form a common cathode structure.
5. A multi-channel low pressure ionization chamber gas detector as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
wherein the detector array of the five detector channels has a regular shape of five rows and one column.
6. A multi-channel low pressure ionization chamber gas detector as claimed in claim 2 wherein:
wherein the beryllium window assembly comprises a sheet of beryllium film and a metal support structure.
7. A multi-channel low pressure ionization chamber gas detector as claimed in claim 2 wherein:
wherein the gas chamber is a vacuum-tight chamber formed of a metallic material.
8. A multi-channel low pressure ionization chamber gas detector as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
wherein the five detector channels are capable of operating under beryllium films of the same voltage, the same gas pressure, and the same thickness.
9. A multi-channel low pressure ionization chamber gas detector as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
the introduction of the bias power supply and the signal output of the multi-channel low-voltage ionization chamber gas detector are realized by a switching circuit which has the function of voltage stabilization and simultaneously protects the amplifier array from the bias power supply when the insulation of the detector fails.
CN201911117373.6A 2019-11-15 2019-11-15 Multi-channel low-pressure ionization chamber gas detector Pending CN110764129A (en)

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2333345A1 (en) * 1975-11-25 1977-06-24 Gen Electric CELL NETWORK WITH IONIZATION CHAMBERS
EP0045704A2 (en) * 1978-10-13 1982-02-10 COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE Etablissement de Caractère Scientifique Technique et Industriel Radiation detector
US4441024A (en) * 1981-11-16 1984-04-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Wide range radioactive gas concentration detector
JPH0875860A (en) * 1994-09-08 1996-03-22 Hitachi Medical Corp Ionization chamber type x-ray detector
CN1450363A (en) * 2002-04-05 2003-10-22 西北核技术研究所 Multi-layer plane ionization chamber for measuring boundary dosage distribution of different material
JP2012042415A (en) * 2010-08-23 2012-03-01 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Dose distribution measurement apparatus
CN203787385U (en) * 2014-02-20 2014-08-20 中国科学院高能物理研究所 Multilayer high air pressure ionization chamber suitable for detecting high-dose-rate radiation fields
CN107091851A (en) * 2017-07-03 2017-08-25 同方威视技术股份有限公司 Large area x-ray gas detector
CN108459342A (en) * 2018-05-22 2018-08-28 南京航空航天大学 A kind of Flouride-resistani acid phesphatase hyperbar honeycomb grid ionization chamber and manufacturing method

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2333345A1 (en) * 1975-11-25 1977-06-24 Gen Electric CELL NETWORK WITH IONIZATION CHAMBERS
EP0045704A2 (en) * 1978-10-13 1982-02-10 COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE Etablissement de Caractère Scientifique Technique et Industriel Radiation detector
US4441024A (en) * 1981-11-16 1984-04-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Wide range radioactive gas concentration detector
JPH0875860A (en) * 1994-09-08 1996-03-22 Hitachi Medical Corp Ionization chamber type x-ray detector
CN1450363A (en) * 2002-04-05 2003-10-22 西北核技术研究所 Multi-layer plane ionization chamber for measuring boundary dosage distribution of different material
JP2012042415A (en) * 2010-08-23 2012-03-01 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Dose distribution measurement apparatus
CN203787385U (en) * 2014-02-20 2014-08-20 中国科学院高能物理研究所 Multilayer high air pressure ionization chamber suitable for detecting high-dose-rate radiation fields
CN107091851A (en) * 2017-07-03 2017-08-25 同方威视技术股份有限公司 Large area x-ray gas detector
CN108459342A (en) * 2018-05-22 2018-08-28 南京航空航天大学 A kind of Flouride-resistani acid phesphatase hyperbar honeycomb grid ionization chamber and manufacturing method

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Application publication date: 20200207