CN110762179A - Hydraulic transmission for large and medium-sized agricultural machinery - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic transmission for large and medium-sized agricultural machinery, which comprises a torque converter and a transmission case, wherein the transmission case comprises a case shell, at least two groups of clutch mechanisms are arranged in the case shell in a parallel rotating manner, an external T oil pump is fixedly installed on the outer side of the transmission case, the external oil pump is connected with an electric control operating valve, an internal oil duct for communicating the electric control operating valve with one of the clutch mechanisms is arranged in the case shell, and an internal oil pipe for connecting the other clutch mechanisms and the electric control operating valve is further packaged in the case shell; the external oil pump is arranged outside the box body shell, when the oil pump breaks down, the oil pump can be maintained directly, the whole structure does not need to be disassembled and assembled, and the maintenance is convenient; the built-in oil pipes only need four short oil pipes, and the other two built-in oil passages are drilled on the side wall of the box body shell and are directly communicated with the corresponding clutch mechanisms, so that the built-in oil pipes are not easy to damage and have long service life and low oil leakage risk; each clutch mechanism is provided with a rotary clutch shaft, so that the manufacturing cost is low and the universality is strong.

Description

Hydraulic transmission for large and medium-sized agricultural machinery

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission equipment, in particular to a hydraulic transmission for large and medium-sized agricultural machinery.

Background

At present, a multi-gear hydraulic transmission used on large and medium-sized agricultural machinery comprises a hydraulic torque converter and a multi-gear power shifting gearbox, but the multi-gear hydraulic transmission mainly comprises the following aspects due to unreasonable structure and configuration:

1. unreasonable oil pipe arrangement

In addition, the working environment of the loader is severe, and the rubber oil pipe is easy to age and seep oil when exposed in severe environment for a long time, so that the service life of the oil pipe is shortened, and the maintenance cost is increased.

2. The mounting position of the oil pump is unreasonable

The transmission in the prior art adopts a built-in oil pump to suck oil from the bottom of a gearbox and provide working oil for a torque converter and the gearbox. The oil pump has high requirement on the cleanliness of oil, and when the built-in oil pump breaks down, the gearbox must be disassembled for maintenance and replacement, so that the maintenance is inconvenient, the maintenance difficulty is increased, and the maintenance time is prolonged.

3. The processing difficulty of the bearing fittings of the clutch shaft is large

The structure of the clutch of the gearbox adopts a fixed clutch shaft, a bearing only retains a cylindrical roller, the outer diameter of the clutch shaft and the inner diameter of a gear are bearing raceways, the outer diameter of the clutch shaft and the inner diameter of the gear are both processed according to the bearing standard, the processing precision is high, the difficulty is high, and the manufacturing cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the hydraulic transmission for the large and medium-sized agricultural machinery, which has long service life of an oil pipe, is not easy to damage and is convenient to maintain.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: hydraulic transmission for large and medium-sized agricultural machinery, including torque converter and gearbox, the gearbox includes the box shell, is located parallel rotation arranges at least two sets of clutch mechanism in the box shell, gearbox outside fixed mounting has external oil pump, external oil pump is connected with automatically controlled operating valve, be equipped with the intercommunication in the box shell automatically controlled operating valve and one of them the built-in oil duct of clutch mechanism, still be packaged with in the box shell and connect other clutch mechanism with the built-in oil pipe of automatically controlled operating valve.

As a preferred technical scheme, the clutch mechanism includes clutch shafts, two ends of each clutch shaft are respectively rotatably mounted on the box body casing, two clutches are respectively correspondingly mounted on each clutch shaft, clutch gears are respectively correspondingly mounted on the outer sides of the two clutches, and an intermediate gear is arranged between the two clutches.

According to the preferable technical scheme, a shaft cover is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the box body shell corresponding to the clutch shaft, the end part of the clutch shaft is arranged in the shaft cover, a shaft cover oil passage communicated with the built-in oil pipe is arranged in the shaft cover, and an oil return hole communicated with the oil return pipe is arranged at the end part of the shaft cover.

As preferred technical scheme, the peripheral ring of clutch shaft is equipped with the oil feed annular, the oil feed annular with the shaft cover oil duct corresponds the setting, be equipped with in the clutch shaft two respectively with two the hydraulic pressure oil duct that the clutch intercommunication set up, two the hydraulic pressure oil duct respectively with the oil feed annular intercommunication sets up, two be equipped with the lubricated oil duct between the hydraulic pressure oil duct, the lubricated oil duct with clutch shaft hole intercommunication sets up.

Preferably, the clutch mechanism comprises a KV1 clutch mechanism, a KR2 clutch mechanism and a K34 clutch mechanism;

the KV1 clutch mechanism comprises a KV clutch and a K1 clutch which are sleeved on the clutch shaft, a KV1 intermediate gear is arranged between the KV clutch and the K1 clutch, a KV gear is arranged on the outer side of the KV clutch, and a K1 gear which is matched with the K1 clutch is oppositely arranged on the outer side of the K1 clutch;

the KR2 clutch mechanism comprises a KR clutch and a K2 clutch which are sleeved on the clutch shaft, a KR2 intermediate gear is arranged between the KR clutch and the K2 clutch, a KR gear is arranged on the outer side of the KR clutch, and a K2 gear matched with the KR clutch is oppositely arranged on the outer side of the K2 clutch;

k34 clutch mechanism includes the suit and is in epaxial K4 clutch of clutch and K3 clutch, the K3 clutch with be equipped with K34 intermediate gear between the K4 clutch, the K4 clutch outside is equipped with K4 gear, the K3 clutch outside is equipped with the K3 gear that the cooperation was used relatively.

As a preferable technical scheme, two built-in oil pipes are respectively connected between the electric control operation valve and the KV1 clutch mechanism and between the electric control operation valve and the K34 clutch mechanism, and two built-in oil passages are arranged between the electric control operation valve and the KR2 clutch mechanism.

Preferably, the clutch mechanism comprises four forward gears and three reverse gears.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the external oil pump is arranged outside the box body shell, when the oil pump breaks down, the oil pump can be maintained directly without dismounting the whole structure, so that the external oil pump is convenient to dismount and maintain; the built-in oil pipes only need four short oil pipes, and the other two built-in oil passages are drilled on the side wall of the box body shell and are directly communicated with the corresponding clutch mechanisms, so that the built-in oil pipes are not easy to damage and have long service life, the cost is greatly reduced, and the risk of oil leakage is reduced; each clutch mechanism all is equipped with the rotary type clutch shaft, and the bearing all adopts standard component, and the cost of manufacture is low, and the commonality is strong.

Drawings

The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an internal oil pipe after a part of a casing of the tank body is removed according to the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention with a partial cross-sectional configuration;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the transmission principle of an embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-an input shaft; 2-a torque converter; 3-a gearbox; 4-an input gear; 5-a box body shell; 6-output gear; 7-an output shaft; 8-external oil pump; 9-an electrically controlled operating valve; 10-built-in oil duct; 11-built-in oil pipe; 12-clutch shaft hole; 13-an oil return pipe; 14-an oil sump; 15-an oil suction pipe; 16-a clutch shaft; 17-a shaft cover; 18-shaft cover oil channel; 19-oil return hole; 20-oil inlet ring groove; 21-hydraulic oil gallery; 22-lubricating oil channel; a 23-KV clutch; 24-K1 clutch; 25-KV1 intermediate gear; 26-KV gear; 27-K1 gear; 28-KR clutch; 29-K2 clutch; 30-KR2 intermediate gear; 31-KR gear; 32-K2 gear; a 33-K4 clutch; 34-K3 clutch; 35-K34 intermediate gear; 36-K4 gear; 37-K3 gear; 38-power take-off gear shaft; 39-DL power take-off gear.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples. In the following detailed description, certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described by way of illustration only. Needless to say, a person skilled in the art realizes that the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, the hydraulic transmission for medium and large agricultural machinery comprises an input shaft 1 in transmission connection with an engine, wherein a torque converter 2 and a transmission case 3 are sequentially and rotationally matched on the input shaft 1, the specific structure of the torque converter 2 is a content well known to those skilled in the art, an input gear 4 is fixedly sleeved at the end of the input shaft 1 positioned in the transmission case 3, the transmission case 3 comprises a case housing 5, at least two sets of clutch mechanisms are parallelly and rotationally arranged in the case housing 5, the clutch mechanisms are meshed with the input gear 4, the clutch mechanisms are further meshed with an output gear 6, the output gear 6 is fixedly connected with an output shaft 7, the output shaft 7 is rotationally arranged through the case housing 5, an external oil pump 8 is fixedly mounted at the outer side of the transmission case 3, the external oil pump 8 is connected with an electric control operation valve 9, an internal oil duct 10 which is communicated with the electric control operation valve 9 and one of the clutch mechanisms is arranged in the box body shell 5, the box body shell 5 is also internally provided with an internal oil pipe 11 for connecting other clutch mechanisms and the electric control operating valve 9, the outer side of the box body shell 5 is provided with a clutch shaft hole 12 which is arranged corresponding to each clutch mechanism, an oil return pipe 13 is connected in series between the clutch shaft holes 12, the oil return pipe 13 is communicated to an oil pan 14 arranged at the bottom of the box body shell 5, the oil pan 14 is connected to the external oil pump 8 through an oil suction pipe 15, the oil suction pipe 15 conveys oil in the oil pan 14 to the external oil pump 8, and the oil is distributed to each clutch mechanism through the electrically controlled operation valve 9 by the external oil pump 8 and is used in cooperation with corresponding gear engagement.

The clutch mechanism in this embodiment includes clutch shafts 16, two ends of each clutch shaft 16 are rotatably mounted on the case 5, two clutches are correspondingly mounted on each clutch shaft 16, and the specific mechanism of the clutches is well known to those skilled in the art, that is, each clutch includes several friction plates, each friction plate is composed of powder metallurgy friction plates and steel plates, and they are arranged in a staggered manner. The powder metallurgy friction plate is connected with an internal spline in the clutch shell through an external spline, and the steel plate is connected with the external spline of the corresponding gear through the internal spline, so that the powder metallurgy friction plate and the clutch shell are integrated, and the steel plate and the corresponding gear are integrated. When no pressure oil acts in the clutch, the relative rotation speed (namely the relative speed between the corresponding clutch gear and the clutch shell) exists between the powder metallurgy friction plate and the steel sheet. When the pressure oil controlled by the electric control operation valve 9 enters the corresponding pressure oil passage controlled by the oil pipe, the corresponding clutch piston is pushed, so that the powder metallurgy friction plate and the steel sheet in the clutch are combined together under the action of pressure and friction force, namely, the clutch is jointed, and the working torque born by the corresponding gear of the clutch is transmitted to the shell of the clutch through the friction plate and then transmitted to other work pieces through the shell of the clutch.

The outer sides of the two clutches are respectively and correspondingly provided with a clutch gear, the clutch gear close to one side of the input shaft 1 is meshed with the input gear 4, an intermediate gear is arranged between the two clutches, a shaft cover 17 is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the box body shell 5 corresponding to the clutch shaft 16, the end part of the clutch shaft 16 is arranged in the shaft cover 17, a shaft cover oil duct 18 communicated with the built-in oil pipe 11 is arranged in the shaft cover 17, an oil return hole 19 communicated with the oil return pipe 13 is arranged at the end part of the shaft cover 17, the oil return hole 19 is arranged between the clutch shaft hole 12 and the oil return pipe 13, and hydraulic oil in the oil pump 8 is conveyed into the external clutches through the matching of the shaft cover oil duct 18 and the built-in oil pipe 11 or the built-in oil duct 10 so as to complete gear changing actions in a matching manner.

In this embodiment, the outer periphery of clutch shaft 16 encircles and is equipped with oil feed annular 20, oil feed annular 20 with the shaft cover oil duct 18 corresponds the setting, be equipped with in the clutch shaft 16 two respectively with two hydraulic oil duct 21 that the clutch intercommunication set up, two hydraulic oil duct 21 respectively with oil feed annular 20 intercommunication sets up, because clutch shaft 16 rotates the installation, so set up specially oil feed annular 20 for the cooperation hydraulic oil duct 21 with hydraulic oil to carry in the clutch shaft 16, it is again clutch shaft 16 carry to corresponding in the clutch, two be equipped with lubricated oil duct 22 between the hydraulic oil duct 21, lubricated oil duct 22 is the oil return duct in addition, lubricated oil duct 22 with clutch shaft hole 12 intercommunication sets up, lubricated oil duct 22 is used for outside transport, this lubricated oil duct 22 still with the bearing of suit on the clutch shaft 16 and the return spring of clutch communicate by force simultaneously, the return spring is used for lubricating the bearing and assisting the return of the return spring.

As shown in fig. 5, the clutch mechanism includes a KV1 clutch mechanism, a KR2 clutch mechanism and a K34 clutch mechanism, specifically, the KV1 clutch mechanism includes a KV clutch 23 and a K1 clutch 24 sleeved on the clutch shaft 16, a KV1 intermediate gear 25 is disposed between the KV clutch 23 and the K1 clutch 24, a KV gear 26 engaged with the input gear 4 is disposed on an outer side of the KV clutch 23, and a K1 gear 27 used in cooperation with the KV clutch mechanism is disposed on an outer side of the K1 clutch 24; the KR2 clutch mechanism comprises a KR clutch 28 and a K2 clutch 29 which are sleeved on the clutch shaft 16, a KR2 intermediate gear 30 is arranged between the KR clutch 28 and the K2 clutch 29, a KR gear 31 meshed with the input gear 4 is arranged on the outer side of the KR clutch 28, and a K2 gear 32 which is matched with the K2 clutch 29 in use is oppositely arranged on the outer side of the K2 clutch 29; k34 clutch mechanism includes the suit and is in K4 clutch 33 and K3 clutch 34 on the clutch shaft 16, K3 clutch 34 with be equipped with K34 intermediate gear 35 between the K4 clutch 33, the K4 clutch 33 outside be equipped with the K4 gear 36 of input gear 4 meshing, the relative K3 gear 37 that is equipped with the cooperation and uses in the K3 clutch 34 outside. Two built-in oil pipes 11 are respectively connected between the electric control operation valve 9 and the KV1 clutch mechanism and the K34 clutch mechanism, and two built-in oil passages 10 are arranged between the electric control operation valve 9 and the KR2 clutch mechanism.

In order to facilitate outward power transmission, the present embodiment further includes a power take-off gear shaft 38, a specific transmission route of a DL power take-off gear 39 fixedly mounted on the power take-off gear shaft 38 is as follows, when the forward 1 gear is shifted forward, the KV clutch engaged with the clutch is the K1 clutch, and the transmission chain is: input shaft → KV clutch → KV1 intermediate gear → K1 clutch → K1 gear → K2 gear → K3 gear → output shaft; the engaged clutch in the forward 2-gear is a KV clutch and a K2 clutch, and the transmission chain is as follows: input shaft → KV clutch → KV1 intermediate gear → KR2 intermediate gear → K2 gear → K3 gear → output shaft; when the forward gear is in the 3-gear, the KV clutch and the K3 clutch are engaged, and the transmission chain is as follows: input shaft → KV clutch → KV1 intermediate gear → KR2 intermediate gear → K34 intermediate gear → K3 gear → output shaft; the K4 clutch and the K3 clutch which are engaged clutches in the forward 4 gear are connected, and a transmission chain is as follows: input shaft → KV clutch → KV1 intermediate gear → K4 clutch → K4 gear → K34 intermediate gear → K3 gear → output shaft; the engaged clutch in the reverse 1 gear is a KR clutch and the K1 clutch, and the transmission chain is as follows: input shaft → KR clutch → KR2 intermediate gear → KV1 intermediate gear → K1 clutch → K1 gear → K2 gear → K3 gear → output shaft; the engaged clutch in the reverse 2 gear is a KR clutch and the K2 clutch, and the transmission chain is as follows: input shaft → KR clutch → KR2 intermediate gear → K2 gear → K3 gear → output shaft; the engaged clutch in reverse 3 is KR clutch and K3 clutch, and the transmission chain is: input shaft → KR clutch → KR2 intermediate gear → K34 intermediate gear → K3 gear → output shaft, and these gear functions are achieved by hydraulic operating systems and electrical controls, which are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.

The external oil pump 8 is arranged outside the box body shell 5, when the oil pump fails, the oil pump can be directly maintained, and the whole structure is not required to be disassembled and assembled, so that the external oil pump is convenient to disassemble and maintain; the built-in oil pipe 11 only needs four short oil pipes, and the other two built-in oil ducts 10 are drilled on the side wall of the box body shell 5 and are directly communicated with the corresponding clutch mechanism, so that the built-in oil pipe 11 is not easy to damage and long in service life, the cost is greatly reduced, and the risk of oil leakage is reduced; each clutch mechanism is provided with a rotary clutch shaft 16, and the bearings are all standard parts, so that the manufacturing cost is low and the universality is strong.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (7)

1. Hydraulic transmission for large and medium-sized agricultural machinery, including torque converter and gearbox, its characterized in that: the gearbox comprises a box body shell, at least two groups of clutch mechanisms are arranged in the box body shell in a parallel rotating mode, an external oil pump is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the gearbox and connected with an electric control operation valve, a built-in oil duct communicated with the electric control operation valve and one of the clutch mechanisms is arranged in the box body shell, and a built-in oil pipe connected with the other clutch mechanisms and the electric control operation valve is further packaged in the box body shell.

2. The hydrodynamic transmission for medium and large agricultural machines according to claim 1, wherein: the clutch mechanism comprises clutch shafts, two ends of each clutch shaft are rotatably arranged on the box body shell respectively, two clutches are correspondingly arranged on each clutch shaft respectively, clutch gears are correspondingly arranged on the outer sides of the two clutches respectively, and an intermediate gear is arranged between the two clutches.

3. The hydrodynamic transmission for medium and large agricultural machines according to claim 2, wherein: the oil pipe box is characterized in that a shaft cover is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the box body shell corresponding to the clutch shaft, the end part of the clutch shaft is arranged in the shaft cover, a shaft cover oil duct communicated with the built-in oil pipe is arranged in the shaft cover, and an oil return hole communicated with the oil return pipe is formed in the end part of the shaft cover.

4. The hydrodynamic transmission for medium and large agricultural machines according to claim 3, wherein: the peripheral ring of clutch shaft is equipped with the oil feed annular, the oil feed annular with the shaft cover oil duct corresponds the setting, be equipped with in the clutch shaft two respectively with two the hydraulic oil duct that the clutch intercommunication set up, two the hydraulic oil duct respectively with the oil feed annular intercommunication sets up, two be equipped with lubricated oil duct between the hydraulic oil duct, lubricated oil duct with clutch shaft hole intercommunication sets up.

5. The hydrodynamic transmission for medium and large agricultural machines according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: the clutch mechanism comprises a KV1 clutch mechanism, a KR2 clutch mechanism and a K34 clutch mechanism;

the KV1 clutch mechanism comprises a KV clutch and a K1 clutch which are sleeved on the clutch shaft, a KV1 intermediate gear is arranged between the KV clutch and the K1 clutch, a KV gear is arranged on the outer side of the KV clutch, and a K1 gear which is matched with the K1 clutch is oppositely arranged on the outer side of the K1 clutch;

the KR2 clutch mechanism comprises a KR clutch and a K2 clutch which are sleeved on the clutch shaft, a KR2 intermediate gear is arranged between the KR clutch and the K2 clutch, a KR gear is arranged on the outer side of the KR clutch, and a K2 gear matched with the KR clutch is oppositely arranged on the outer side of the K2 clutch;

k34 clutch mechanism includes the suit and is in epaxial K4 clutch of clutch and K3 clutch, the K3 clutch with be equipped with K34 intermediate gear between the K4 clutch, the K4 clutch outside is equipped with K4 gear, the K3 clutch outside is equipped with the K3 gear that the cooperation was used relatively.

6. The hydrodynamic transmission for medium and large agricultural machines according to claim 5, wherein: two built-in oil pipes are respectively connected between the electric control operation valve and the KV1 clutch mechanism and between the electric control operation valve and the K34 clutch mechanism, and two built-in oil passages are arranged between the electric control operation valve and the KR2 clutch mechanism.

7. The hydrodynamic transmission for medium and large agricultural machines according to claim 5, wherein: the clutch mechanism constitutes four forward gears and three reverse gears.

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