CN110761860A - Thermoelectric unit simulation system - Google Patents

Thermoelectric unit simulation system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110761860A
CN110761860A CN201810829169.6A CN201810829169A CN110761860A CN 110761860 A CN110761860 A CN 110761860A CN 201810829169 A CN201810829169 A CN 201810829169A CN 110761860 A CN110761860 A CN 110761860A
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direct
current
voltage
series
rheostat
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CN110761860B (en
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时振堂
李琼
李君�
陶丽楠
刘维功
钱志红
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Sinopec Dalian Petrochemical Research Institute Co ltd
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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China Petrochemical Corp
Sinopec Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/003—Arrangements for measuring or testing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Electricity, gas or water supply
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery

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  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a thermoelectric unit simulation system, which comprises at least one thermoelectric unit simulation unit, wherein the thermoelectric unit simulation unit comprises: the device comprises an adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply, a rheostat, a plurality of direct-current motors connected in series, a generator and a speed-regulating control unit; the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is connected with the rheostat, and the rheostat is connected with the plurality of direct-current motors connected in series; the direct current motors connected in series are coaxially connected with the generator; the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is used for providing stable direct-current voltage to the direct-current motors connected in series and maintaining the voltage stability of the direct-current loop, and the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is used for equivalent steam main pipe pressure and simulating a boiler system; the rheostat is arranged between the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply and the direct-current motors connected in series and used for simulating a high-voltage adjusting valve of the steam turbine and adjusting the current of a direct-current loop. The simulation method and the simulation system provided by the invention are suitable for simulating the bus-bar control thermoelectric generator set.

Description

Thermoelectric unit simulation system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy power, in particular to a thermoelectric unit simulation system.
Background
The thermal power generation mainly comprises the steps of generating high-temperature and high-pressure steam through a power station boiler or a nuclear reactor, working after the high-temperature and high-pressure steam enters a steam turbine, and generating power to rotate so as to drive a synchronous generator set to generate power.
At present, no dynamic simulation method and device for researching the thermoelectric unit exist, and the dynamic characteristics of the thermoelectric unit in an accident state cannot be accurately researched.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a thermoelectric unit simulation system.
Specifically, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a thermoelectric unit simulation system, which comprises: at least one thermoelectric-unit simulation unit, the thermoelectric-unit simulation unit comprising: the device comprises an adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply, a rheostat, a plurality of direct-current motors connected in series, a generator and a speed-regulating control unit;
the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is connected with the rheostat, and the rheostat is connected with the plurality of direct-current motors connected in series; the direct current motors connected in series are coaxially connected with the generator;
the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is used for providing stable direct-current voltage to the direct-current motors connected in series and maintaining the voltage stability of a direct-current loop, and the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is used for equivalent steam main pipe pressure and simulating a boiler system;
the rheostat is arranged between the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply and the direct-current motors connected in series and used for simulating a high-voltage adjusting valve of the steam turbine and adjusting the current of a direct-current loop;
the direct current motors connected in series are used for simulating cylinders at all stages of the steam turbine and dragging the synchronous generator to generate electricity, if the steam turbine has N-1-stage steam extraction, N direct current motors are arranged, and armatures of the N direct current motors are connected in series, wherein N is more than or equal to 1;
the speed regulation control unit is connected with the rheostat and used for changing the resistance value of the rheostat according to the rotating speed of the direct current motor and the output power of the generator.
Furthermore, the thermoelectric unit simulation system comprises m thermoelectric unit simulation units, wherein m is more than or equal to 2.
Furthermore, the thermoelectric unit simulation unit comprises three direct current motors connected in series and is used for simulating high, medium and low pressure cylinders of the steam turbine respectively.
Furthermore, the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is used for simulating a boiler system to generate steam, three direct-current motor armatures are connected in series, and the simulation steam sequentially passes through the high-pressure cylinder, the medium-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder; wherein, the resistance value of the rheostat is changed, the armature current is changed, and the output of the direct current motor is changed; the resistance value change of the rheostat simulates the opening change of a high-pressure adjusting valve of the steam turbine, the steam quantity changes, and the steam turbine does work and changes.
Further, the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is a controllable rectifier.
Further, the controllable rectifier does work as follows:
P1＝idcvdc
wherein P1 is the power of the controlled rectifier, idcIs a controlled rectifier current, vdcIs a controlled rectifier dc voltage.
Further, the work power of the steam turbine is as follows:
P2＝ΔhQ
wherein, P2 is the work power of the turbine, Δ h is the work enthalpy drop of the turbine, and Q is the steam flow.
Further, the torque characteristics of the dc motor are:
U＝E1+IRa1+E2+IRa2+IR0
E＝Ceφn
Figure BDA0001743153730000021
T＝CTφI
P3＝TΩ
wherein U is the output voltage of the controllable rectifier, E is the armature electromotive force of the DC motor, RaIs armature loop resistance, R0For adjustable resistance, I is armature current, CePhi is the air gap flux, n is the DC motor speed, T is the DC motor electromagnetic torque, P3 is the DC motor work power, and omega is the DC motor angular velocity.
Further, the system further comprises: an excitation unit; the excitation unit is connected with the generator and used for adjusting the output voltage of the generator.
Further, the stable direct current voltage provided by the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct current power supply is proportional to the pressure of the steam main pipe.
According to the technical scheme, the steam system is simulated by adopting a direct current circuit, the boiler is simulated by adopting an adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct current power supply, a plurality of direct current motors connected in series are adopted to respectively simulate each cylinder of a steam turbine, and a rheostat is adopted to simulate a high-voltage adjusting valve of the steam turbine; the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is used for providing stable direct-current voltage and is equivalent to the pressure of a steam main pipe, the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply outputs the stable direct-current voltage and provides power for a plurality of series direct-current motors through a rheostat, and the plurality of series direct-current motors simulate a steam turbine and drag a synchronous generator to generate electricity; the rheostat is controlled by the speed regulating control unit, and the resistance value is changed according to the rotating speed and the output electric power to simulate a high-pressure regulating valve of the steam turbine. Therefore, the thermoelectric unit simulation system provided by the invention is suitable for simulating a main pipe thermoelectric unit, and has the advantages of flexibility in operation, safety, reliability, easiness in implementation and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a thermoelectric power unit simulation system provided in this embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a thermoelectric power unit simulation system, and referring to fig. 1, the system includes: at least one thermoelectric-unit simulation unit, the thermoelectric-unit simulation unit comprising: the device comprises an adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply, a rheostat, a plurality of direct-current motors connected in series, a generator and a speed-regulating control unit;
the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is connected with a first end of the rheostat, and a second end of the rheostat is connected with the plurality of direct-current motors connected in series; the direct current motors connected in series are coaxially connected with the generator;
the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is used for providing stable direct-current voltage to the direct-current motors connected in series and maintaining the voltage stability of a direct-current loop, and the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is used for equivalent steam main pipe pressure and simulating a boiler system; it can be understood that the stable direct current voltage provided by the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct current power supply is proportional to the pressure of the steam main pipe;
the rheostat is arranged between the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply and the direct-current motors connected in series and used for simulating a high-voltage adjusting valve of the steam turbine and adjusting the current of a direct-current loop;
the direct current motors connected in series are used for simulating cylinders at all stages of the steam turbine and dragging the synchronous generator to generate electricity, if the steam turbine has N-1-stage steam extraction, N direct current motors are arranged, and armatures of the N direct current motors are connected in series, wherein N is more than or equal to 1;
the speed regulation control unit is connected with the rheostat and used for changing the resistance value of the rheostat according to the rotating speed of the direct current motor and the output power of the generator.
It can be understood that, in the thermoelectric unit simulation system provided in this embodiment, a direct current circuit is adopted to simulate a steam system, specifically, an adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct current power supply is adopted to simulate a boiler, a plurality of direct current motors connected in series are adopted to respectively simulate each cylinder of a steam turbine, and a rheostat is adopted to simulate a high-voltage adjusting valve of the steam turbine; the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is used for providing stable direct-current voltage and is equivalent to the pressure of a steam main pipe, the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply outputs the stable direct-current voltage and provides power for a plurality of series direct-current motors through a rheostat, and the plurality of series direct-current motors simulate a steam turbine and drag a synchronous generator to generate electricity; the rheostat is controlled by the speed regulating control unit, and the resistance value is changed according to the rotating speed and the output electric power to simulate a high-pressure regulating valve of the steam turbine.
It can be understood that the simulation system of the thermoelectric unit provided in this embodiment is actually an equivalent experimental model of a steam turbine, and referring to fig. 1, the simulation system of the thermoelectric unit provided in this embodiment includes an adjustable voltage-stabilizing dc power supply (which may be implemented by a rectifier), a varistor, a dc motor, and a generator, where the rectifier is connected to the varistor; the rheostat is connected with the direct current motor armature; armatures of the plurality of direct current motors are connected in series; the dc motor is coaxial with the alternator.
It should be noted that the rectifier converts the ac power into dc power and transmits the dc power to the motor, and maintains the voltage of the dc loop stable. The rheostat is connected with the armature of the direct current motor, simulates a high-voltage adjusting valve of a steam turbine, and adjusts loop current. The direct current motors are arranged in parallel to simulate each stage of cylinder of the steam turbine, if the steam turbine has N-1 stage steam extraction, N direct current motors are arranged, and the armatures of the direct current motors are connected in series.
It should be noted that the controlled rectifier of fig. 1 is used to simulate a boiler system. The steam at the outlet of the superheater of the actual boiler is led out through a header and is converged into a main pipe through an isolation valve, and the pressure of the main pipe is controlled to be constant by one boiler or a plurality of boilers. The direct-current voltage of the rectifier is connected in parallel to simulate the change of the steam pressure of a boiler system, one rectifier or a plurality of rectifiers maintain the pressure of the parallel bus to be constant, and the pressure of the simulation main pipe is constant.
It should be noted that the rheostat in fig. 1 is used to simulate a turbine high-pressure regulating valve. The rheostat is an adjustable resistor and has a real-time adjusting function, is controlled by the speed regulating control unit, and controls the high-pressure adjusting valve of the steam turbine according to the resistance value of the variable speed control unit and the output electric power variable speed control unit. When the steam inlet amount of the steam turbine is increased and the generating capacity of the generator is increased, the adjustable resistance value is reduced, the equivalent valve opening is increased, and when the steam inlet amount of the steam turbine is reduced, the operation is opposite.
Note that the dc motor of fig. 1 is used to simulate a steam turbine cylinder. The armatures of a plurality of direct current motors are connected in series to simulate high, medium and low pressure cylinders of a steam turbine. The resistance value of the rheostat is changed, the armature current is changed, and the output of the direct current motor is changed; the change of the opening of the main steam regulating valve is simulated, the steam quantity is changed, and the work of the steam turbine is changed.
It should be noted that the generator in fig. 1 is coaxially connected to the dc motor, and may simulate the electromagnetic process and the electromechanical process of the actual motor.
Wherein, the controllable rectifier works as follows:
P1＝idcvdcequation 1
Wherein P1 is the power of rectifier, idcIs the rectifier current, vdcIs a rectifier dc voltage.
Wherein, the work formula of the steam turbine is as follows:
p2 ═ Δ hQ formula 2
Wherein, P2 is the work power of the steam turbine, Δ h is the work enthalpy drop of the steam turbine, and Q is the steam flow.
The torque characteristics of the direct current motor are as follows:
U＝E1+IRa1+E2+IRa2+IR0equation 3
E＝CePhi n equation 4
Figure BDA0001743153730000061
T＝CTPhi I equation 6
P3 ═ T Ω equation 7
Wherein U is the rectifier output voltage, E is the motor armature electromotive force, RaIs armature loop resistance, R0For adjustable resistance, I is armature current, CePhi is an electromotive force constant, phi is an air gap magnetic flux, n is the rotating speed of the direct current motor, T is the electromagnetic torque of the direct current motor, P3 is the work power of the direct current motor, and omega is the angular speed of the direct current motor.
It will be appreciated that the rectifier DC voltage is proportional to the boiler main steam pressure, from equation 1, by regulating the current idcThe direct current voltage can be kept constant, and the pressure of the main steam of the boiler is equivalent to be constant.
It can be understood that if the opening of the regulating valve of the steam turbine is increased, the steam flow is increased and the work capacity of the steam turbine is increased according to the formula 2.
It can be understood that the direct current motor changes the resistance value of the rheostat, the rotating speed is unchanged from the formulas 3 and 4, the E is unchanged, the I is increased, and the torque of the direct current motor is increased and the power is increased from the formulas 6 and 7. Or according to the formula 5, the resistance of the rheostat is changed, the voltage at two ends of the motor is increased, the torque is increased, and the power is increased.
According to the above description, the constant direct-current pressure of the rectifier simulates the constant main steam pressure of the boiler; the armature current and power of the direct current motor are changed, and the flow change and power change of a steam turbine are simulated; the thermoelectric unit simulation method and the thermoelectric unit simulation system can better simulate an actual thermoelectric unit.
As can be seen from the above description, in the thermoelectric unit simulation system provided in this embodiment, a direct current circuit is used to simulate a steam system, specifically, an adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct current power supply is used to simulate a boiler, a plurality of series-connected direct current motors are used to respectively simulate cylinders of a steam turbine, and a rheostat is used to simulate a high-voltage adjusting valve of the steam turbine; the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is used for providing stable direct-current voltage and is equivalent to the pressure of a steam main pipe, the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply outputs the stable direct-current voltage and provides power for a plurality of series direct-current motors through a rheostat, and the plurality of series direct-current motors simulate a steam turbine and drag a synchronous generator to generate electricity; the rheostat is controlled by the speed regulating control unit, and the resistance value is changed according to the rotating speed and the output electric power to simulate a high-pressure regulating valve of the steam turbine. Therefore, the thermoelectric unit simulation system provided by the embodiment is suitable for simulating the main pipe thermoelectric unit and has the advantages of being flexible in operation, safe, reliable, easy to achieve and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the thermoelectric unit simulation system comprises m thermoelectric unit simulation units, and m is greater than or equal to 2. For example, m takes the values of 3, 4, 5 and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises: an excitation unit; the excitation unit is connected with the generator and used for adjusting the output voltage of the generator.
In the description of the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description. Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A thermoelectric-unit simulation system, comprising at least one thermoelectric-unit simulation unit, the thermoelectric-unit simulation unit comprising: the device comprises an adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply, a rheostat, a plurality of direct-current motors connected in series, a generator and a speed-regulating control unit;
the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is connected with the rheostat, and the rheostat is connected with the plurality of direct-current motors connected in series; the direct current motors connected in series are coaxially connected with the generator;
the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is used for providing stable direct-current voltage to the direct-current motors connected in series and maintaining the voltage stability of a direct-current loop, and the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply is used for equivalent steam main pipe pressure and simulating a boiler system;
the rheostat is arranged between the adjustable voltage-stabilizing direct-current power supply and the direct-current motors connected in series and used for simulating a high-voltage adjusting valve of the steam turbine and adjusting the current of a direct-current loop;
the direct current motors connected in series are used for simulating cylinders at all stages of the steam turbine and dragging the synchronous generator to generate electricity, if the steam turbine has N-1-stage steam extraction, N direct current motors are arranged, and armatures of the N direct current motors are connected in series, wherein N is more than or equal to 1;
the speed regulation control unit is connected with the rheostat and used for changing the resistance value of the rheostat according to the rotating speed of the direct current motor and the output power of the generator.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generator set simulation system comprises m thermoelectric generator set simulation units, and m is greater than or equal to 2.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermal electric machine set simulation unit comprises three series-connected dc motors for simulating high, medium and low pressure cylinders of the steam turbine, respectively.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the adjustable regulated dc power supply is configured to simulate a boiler system producing steam, with three dc motor armatures connected in series, with simulated steam passing sequentially through high, medium, and low pressure cylinders; wherein, the resistance value of the rheostat is changed, the armature current is changed, and the output of the direct current motor is changed; the resistance value change of the rheostat simulates the opening change of a high-pressure adjusting valve of the steam turbine, the steam quantity changes, and the steam turbine does work and changes.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the regulated dc power supply is a controllable rectifier.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the controllable rectifier performs the following:
P1＝idcvdc
wherein P1 is the power of the controlled rectifier, idcIs a controlled rectifier current, vdcIs a controlled rectifier dc voltage.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the turbine is configured to produce power as:
P2＝ΔhQ
wherein, P2 is the work power of the turbine, Δ h is the work enthalpy drop of the turbine, and Q is the steam flow.
8. The system of claim 5, wherein the torque characteristics of the DC motor are:
U＝E1+IRa1+E2+IRa2+IR0
E＝Ceφn
Figure FDA0001743153720000021
T＝CTφI
P3＝TΩ
wherein U is the output voltage of the controllable rectifier, E is the armature electromotive force of the DC motor, RaIs armature loop resistance, R0For adjustable resistance, I is armature current, CePhi is the air gap flux, n is the DC motor speed, T is the DC motor electromagnetic torque, P3 is the DC motor work power, and omega is the DC motor angular velocity.
9. The system of claim 1, further comprising: an excitation unit; the excitation unit is connected with the generator and used for adjusting the output voltage of the generator.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the regulated dc power supply provides a regulated dc voltage proportional to the steam header pressure.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0586807A (en) * 1991-07-31 1993-04-06 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Simulation device for turbine
CN2482718Y (en) * 2001-04-18 2002-03-20 复旦大学 DC shunt-excited machine experimental instrument
CN102520704A (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-06-27 哈尔滨五联电气设备有限责任公司 Nuclear power generator test device
CN202631667U (en) * 2012-06-28 2012-12-26 福建水口发电集团有限公司 Generator rotor one-point grounding protection tester
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CN205265571U (en) * 2015-12-07 2016-05-25 西安建筑科技大学 Brushless DC motor speed adjusting device
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CN206498347U (en) * 2017-03-08 2017-09-15 安阳市翔宇医疗设备有限责任公司 A kind of DC motor speed-regulating circuit

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