CN110760637A - Method for recovering iron by using high-iron bauxite and method for extracting aluminum by using high-iron bauxite - Google Patents
Method for recovering iron by using high-iron bauxite and method for extracting aluminum by using high-iron bauxite Download PDFInfo
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- CN110760637A CN110760637A CN201911159643.XA CN201911159643A CN110760637A CN 110760637 A CN110760637 A CN 110760637A CN 201911159643 A CN201911159643 A CN 201911159643A CN 110760637 A CN110760637 A CN 110760637A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/68—Aluminium compounds containing sulfur
- C01F7/74—Sulfates
- C01F7/76—Double salts, i.e. compounds containing, besides aluminium and sulfate ions, only other cations, e.g. alums
- C01F7/762—Ammonium or alkali metal aluminium sulfates
- C01F7/765—Ammonium aluminium sulfates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
- C22B1/06—Sulfating roasting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0007—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap or any other metal source
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0015—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for recovering iron by using high-iron bauxite, which comprises the following steps: s1, placing the high-iron bauxite ore powder into a closed reduction furnace, introducing torch gas into the reduction furnace, and heating and reducing to obtain a reduced material. S2, grinding the reducing material, and then carrying out magnetic separation to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings; the magnetic concentrate is iron concentrate, and the magnetic tailings are alumina-enriched ore. The iron in the gas can be recycled, the flare gas is utilized, and the atmospheric pollution caused by flare gas combustion of petrochemical enterprises is avoided. Also provided is a method for extracting aluminum from high-iron bauxite, comprising: a1, treating the high-iron bauxite by the method to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings. A2, uniformly mixing the magnetic separation tailings, ammonium sulfate and water, and roasting to obtain roasted clinker. A3, dissolving out the roasted clinker, and separating to obtain an aluminum-containing solution and aluminum extraction slag. The separation of iron, aluminum and silicon in the magnetic separation tailings is realized, and the aim of comprehensively utilizing the high-iron bauxite is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral processing and metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for recovering iron by using high-iron bauxite and a method for extracting aluminum by using the high-iron bauxite.
Background
The high-iron bauxite is a general term for ores containing aluminum minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite, and diaspore, and contains iron minerals such as hematite, magnetite, and limonite, and has a total iron content of 20% or more. China has a large amount of high-iron bauxite resources, including high-iron bauxite of Guangxi Pingguo, and the alumina phase of the high-iron bauxite resources is mainly diaspore; the alumina phase of the high-iron bauxite in Guangxi Guigang, Bingyang, Yangxi and Fujian areas is mainly gibbsite. The high-iron bauxite is characterized by high iron content, more than 20 percent of total iron, lower mass fraction of alumina and lower aluminum-silicon ratio. When the method is directly used for producing alumina, the aluminum-silicon ratio of the bauxite can not meet the production requirement, and the goethite in the bauxite can reduce the dissolution rate of the alumina; when the aluminum oxide powder is directly used as an iron making raw material, the mass fraction of the iron oxide is not high, and the aluminum oxide in the iron oxide powder can influence the operation of a blast furnace. In order to realize the value of the ore, the iron and the aluminum in the ore need to be comprehensively recovered according to the characteristics of the ore.
In recent years, with the rapid increase of the import of iron ores and aluminum ores in China, how to effectively develop and utilize high-iron bauxite resources and further alleviate the shortage of iron ores and aluminum ores in China has become an important research direction.
In recent years, research in this respect in China mainly focuses on a reduction magnetization roasting method, which means that hematite in high-iron bauxite is subjected to reduction reaction by adding a reducing agent and roasting treatment to be converted into magnetite or simple substance iron with stronger magnetism, and then iron is easily recovered by general magnetic separation and enrichment. The choice of the reducing agent is not only related to the reduction conversion efficiency of iron in the mineral, the reaction temperature and the reaction time, but also relates to the running cost and the environmental problem. The main research at present is coal-series reducing agent, gas reducing agent, biomass reducing agent and pyrite.
The flare gas is waste gas generated in the technological process of the petrochemical industry, has relatively complex components, mainly contains carbon atoms, hydrogen and hydrocarbon, and belongs to flammable, explosive, toxic and harmful gas. The oil refinery and petrochemical plant are equipped with torch system for handling the combustible gas or combustible toxic gas discharged in the ordinary production process and emergency, ensuring the safety of the device and the human body and reducing the environmental pollution. Because the combustible gas cannot be directly discharged and the environmental protection requirement in the past is lower, the combustible gas is directly discharged by combustion in the traditional chemical industry, and the quantity of combustible gas such as hydrocarbons burnt in a torch every year is considerable. In recent more than ten years, due to the increasing shortage of energy sources and the problem that the environment is polluted by the emission of a large amount of greenhouse gases, the demand for environment protection is higher and higher, and the problem of recycling of flare gas is more and more prominent. At present, in China, a plurality of ethylene devices and oil refineries recycle the flare gas and obtain obvious economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for recovering iron by using high-iron bauxite, which can recover the iron therein, realize the utilization of flare gas and avoid the atmospheric pollution generated by the flare gas combustion of petrochemical enterprises. The method for extracting the aluminum by using the high-iron bauxite realizes the separation of iron, aluminum and silicon in the magnetic separation tailings and achieves the purpose of comprehensively using the high-iron bauxite.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
in one aspect, the invention provides a method for recovering iron from high-iron bauxite, comprising the following steps:
and step S1, placing the high-iron bauxite ore powder into a closed reduction furnace, introducing torch gas into the reduction furnace, and heating and reducing to obtain a reduced material.
Step S2, after the reducing material is ground, magnetic separation is carried out to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings; the magnetic concentrate is iron concentrate, and the magnetic tailings are alumina-enriched ore.
As a modification of the method of the present invention, in step S1, the high iron bauxite ore powder has a particle size of 200 mesh or less, the reduction furnace is a shaft furnace, and a flare gas is introduced from the lower part of the shaft furnace.
As an improvement of the method, in step S1, the heating reduction temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, and the heating reduction time is 120-180 min.
As a modification of the method of the invention, in step S1, after the heating reduction is carried out and before the reducing material is obtained, the method further comprises the step of continuing to introduce the flare gas after the reduction is finished until the temperature in the reducing furnace is reduced to the room temperature.
As an improvement of the method, in step S2, the reducing material is ground to 200 meshes or less and is magnetically separated under the magnetic field strength of 18-25 KA/m.
As an improvement of the method, the total iron content in the high-iron bauxite is more than 20 percent, and Al2O3The content is more than 30 percent.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method for extracting aluminum from high-iron bauxite, comprising the following steps:
step A1, the method is adopted to process the high-iron bauxite to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings.
And step A2, uniformly mixing the magnetic separation tailings and ammonium sulfate, and roasting to obtain roasted clinker.
And A3, dissolving out the roasted clinker, and separating to obtain an aluminum-containing solution and aluminum extraction slag.
As an improvement of the method, in the step A2, the molar ratio of alumina to ammonium sulfate in the magnetic separation tailings is 1: (5-8).
As an improvement of the method, in the step A2, the magnetic separation tailings, ammonium sulfate and water are uniformly mixed, wherein the mass ratio of the ammonium sulfate to the water is 10: (1-5).
As an improvement of the method, in the step A2, the roasting temperature is 400-600 ℃, and the roasting time is 1-4 hours.
As an improvement of the method, in the step A3, the dissolution temperature is more than 85 ℃, and the dissolution time is 20-100 min.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in order to solve the technical current situation of the application of the existing high-iron bauxite, the invention provides a brand-new method for recovering iron by using the high-iron bauxite and a method for extracting aluminum by using the high-iron bauxite. In the method, the reductive waste gas-torch gas generated by petrochemical enterprises is used as the reducing agent for the first time.
2. In the method, the high-iron bauxite and the torch gas are combined to treat the waste by the waste. The torch gas is directly introduced as reducing gas, so that the cost is low, the iron in the high-iron bauxite is reduced by the reducing atmosphere of the torch gas, and iron concentrate and high-grade aluminum-rich concentrate can be obtained by magnetic separation, so that the recovery of the iron in the high-iron bauxite is realized; meanwhile, the utilization of the flare gas avoids the atmospheric pollution generated by the flare gas combustion of petrochemical enterprises.
3. The temperature of heating reduction is set to 1050-1200 ℃, the time of heating reduction is set to 120-180 min, the reduction conversion efficiency of iron in the high-iron bauxite is improved, and then the recovery rate of iron in the high-iron bauxite is improved.
4. By means of continuously introducing the torch gas until the temperature in the reduction furnace is reduced to room temperature, the reduction atmosphere in the reduction furnace is ensured during cooling, and reoxidation of reduced iron in the high-iron bauxite is avoided.
5. By grinding the reduced materials to below 200 meshes, the reduced agglomerated materials are crushed, which is beneficial to the recovery of iron in the magnetic separation process.
6. Because the aluminum in the magnetic separation tailings exists in the form of aluminosilicate which is difficult to treat by a Bayer process, and the aluminum-silicon ratio of the aluminum-silicon mixture also does not meet the requirement of the Bayer process for extracting aluminum oxide. The magnetic separation tailings are treated by an ammonium sulfate roasting method, so that the separation of iron, aluminum and silicon in the magnetic separation tailings is realized, and the aim of comprehensively utilizing high-iron bauxite is fulfilled.
7. Uniformly mixing the magnetic separation tailings, ammonium sulfate and water, and roasting to enable aluminosilicate in the magnetic separation tailings to react with the ammonium sulfate to generate aluminum ammonium sulfate which can be dissolved out in the water, so as to prepare for subsequent aluminum extraction.
8. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process flow and simple and convenient equipment, treats waste by waste, and can realize the recovery of iron and aluminum in the high-iron bauxite with low cost and high environmental protection.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments for easy understanding.
In the examples of the present invention, the percentage contents and the part contents of the respective components are the weight percentage contents and the part contents, except for the specific description.
Example 1
The total iron content of the high-iron gibbsite bauxite is 25.6 percent, and Al is2O3The content was 50.7%.
S1, placing 1000g of high-iron gibbsite type bauxite ore powder with the granularity of less than 200 meshes in a closed shaft furnace, introducing torch gas from the lower part of the shaft furnace, reducing for 180min at 1150 ℃, and continuing introducing the torch gas after the reduction is finished until the temperature in the shaft furnace is reduced to room temperature to obtain a reduced material.
Step S2, grinding the reducing material to below 200 meshes, and carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field strength of 20KA/m to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings; the magnetic concentrate is iron concentrate, and the magnetic tailings are alumina-enriched ore.
Step S3, according to the molar ratio of the alumina to the ammonium sulfate in the magnetic separation tailings being 1: and 6, uniformly mixing the magnetic separation tailings and ammonium sulfate, and roasting at 450 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain roasted clinker.
And step S4, dissolving out the roasted clinker for 30min at the temperature of more than 85 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain an aluminum-containing solution and aluminum extraction slag.
The recovery of iron and the recovery of aluminum from the high-iron bauxite were calculated to be 77% and 93% under the conditions of example 1 by sampling analysis.
Example 2
The total iron content of the high-iron diasporic bauxite is 29.8 percent, and Al is2O3The content was 48.6%.
And step S1, placing 1000g of high-iron diasporic bauxite powder with the granularity of less than 200 meshes into a closed shaft furnace, introducing flare gas from the lower part of the shaft furnace, reducing for 150min at 1200 ℃, and continuing introducing the flare gas after the reduction is finished until the temperature in the shaft furnace is reduced to room temperature to obtain a reduced material.
Step S2, grinding the reducing material to below 200 meshes, and carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field strength of 20KA/m to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings; the magnetic concentrate is iron concentrate, and the magnetic tailings are alumina-enriched ore.
Step S3, according to the molar ratio of the alumina to the ammonium sulfate in the magnetic separation tailings being 1: and 6, uniformly mixing the magnetic separation tailings and ammonium sulfate, and roasting at 450 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain roasted clinker.
And step S4, dissolving out the roasted clinker for 30min at the temperature of more than 85 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain an aluminum-containing solution and aluminum extraction slag.
The recovery of iron and the recovery of aluminum from the high-iron bauxite were calculated to be 77% and 90% under the conditions of example 2 by sampling analysis.
Example 3
The total iron content of the high-iron gibbsite bauxite is 35.5 percent, and the Al content is2O3The content was 53.5%.
And step S1, placing 1000g of high-iron gibbsite type bauxite ore powder with the granularity of less than 200 meshes in a closed shaft furnace, introducing torch gas from the lower part of the shaft furnace, reducing for 120min at 1100 ℃, and continuing introducing the torch gas after the reduction is finished until the temperature in the shaft furnace is reduced to room temperature to obtain a reduced material.
Step S2, grinding the reducing material to below 200 meshes, and carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field strength of 20KA/m to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings; the magnetic concentrate is iron concentrate, and the magnetic tailings are alumina-enriched ore.
Step S3, according to the molar ratio of the alumina to the ammonium sulfate in the magnetic separation tailings being 1: and 6, uniformly mixing the magnetic separation tailings and ammonium sulfate, and roasting at 450 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain roasted clinker.
And step S4, dissolving out the roasted clinker at 85 ℃ for 30min, and filtering and separating to obtain an aluminum-containing solution and aluminum extraction slag.
The recovery of iron and the recovery of aluminum from the high-iron bauxite were calculated to be 80% and 92% under the conditions of example 3 by sampling analysis.
Example 4
The total iron content of the high-iron diasporic bauxite is 33.5 percent, and Al2O3The content was 48.3%.
And step S1, placing 1000g of high-iron diasporic bauxite powder with the granularity of less than 200 meshes into a closed shaft furnace, introducing flare gas from the lower part of the shaft furnace, reducing for 160min at 1050 ℃, and continuing introducing the flare gas after the reduction is finished until the temperature in the shaft furnace is reduced to room temperature to obtain a reduced material.
Step S2, grinding the reducing material to below 200 meshes, and carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field strength of 20KA/m to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings; the magnetic concentrate is iron concentrate, and the magnetic tailings are alumina-enriched ore.
Step S3, according to the molar ratio of the alumina to the ammonium sulfate in the magnetic separation tailings being 1: and 6, uniformly mixing the magnetic separation tailings and ammonium sulfate, and roasting at 450 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain roasted clinker.
And step S4, dissolving out the roasted clinker for 30min at 90 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain an aluminum-containing solution and aluminum extraction slag.
The recovery of iron from the high iron bauxite was 79% and the recovery of aluminum was 89% under the conditions of example 4, as calculated by sampling analysis.
Example 5
The total iron content of the high-iron gibbsite bauxite is 21.8 percent, and Al is2O3The content was 58.2%.
S1, placing 1000g of high-iron gibbsite type bauxite ore powder with the granularity of less than 200 meshes in a closed shaft furnace, introducing torch gas from the lower part of the shaft furnace, reducing for 150min at 1150 ℃, and continuing introducing the torch gas after the reduction is finished until the temperature in the shaft furnace is reduced to room temperature to obtain a reduced material.
Step S2, grinding the reducing material to below 200 meshes, and carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field strength of 20KA/m to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings; the magnetic concentrate is iron concentrate, and the magnetic tailings are alumina-enriched ore.
Step S3, according to the molar ratio of the alumina to the ammonium sulfate in the magnetic separation tailings being 1: 8, the mass ratio of ammonium sulfate to water is 10: 1, uniformly mixing the magnetic separation tailings, ammonium sulfate and water, and roasting for 4 hours at 600 ℃ to obtain roasted clinker.
And step S4, dissolving out the roasted clinker for 30min at 95 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain an aluminum-containing solution and aluminum extraction slag.
The sample analysis calculated the recovery of iron in the high iron bauxite at 70% and the recovery of aluminum at 93% under the conditions of example 5.
Example 6
The total iron content of the high-iron diasporic bauxite is 30.5 percent, and Al2O3The content was 54.7%.
And step S1, placing 1000g of high-iron diasporic bauxite powder with the granularity of less than 200 meshes into a closed shaft furnace, introducing flare gas from the lower part of the shaft furnace, reducing for 150min at 1150 ℃, and continuing introducing the flare gas after the reduction is finished until the temperature in the shaft furnace is reduced to room temperature to obtain a reduced material.
Step S2, grinding the reducing material to below 200 meshes, and carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field strength of 20KA/m to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic tailings; the magnetic concentrate is iron concentrate, and the magnetic tailings are alumina-enriched ore.
Step S3, according to the molar ratio of the alumina to the ammonium sulfate in the magnetic separation tailings being 1: 5, the mass ratio of ammonium sulfate to water is 10: and 5, uniformly mixing the magnetic separation tailings, ammonium sulfate and water, and roasting for 3 hours at 500 ℃ to obtain roasted clinker.
And step S4, dissolving out the roasted clinker for 30min at the temperature of more than 85 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain an aluminum-containing solution and aluminum extraction slag.
The sample analysis calculated the iron recovery of the high iron bauxite to be 75% and the aluminum recovery to be 88% under the conditions of example 6.
It should be understood that the above description of specific embodiments of the present invention is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical lines and features of the present invention, and is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to implement the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. It is intended that all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for recovering iron by using high-iron bauxite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, placing the high-iron bauxite ore powder into a closed reduction furnace, introducing torch gas into the reduction furnace, and heating and reducing to obtain a reduced material;
step S2, after the reducing material is ground, magnetic separation is carried out to obtain magnetic separation concentrate and magnetic separation tailings; the magnetic separation concentrate is iron concentrate, and the magnetic separation tailings are alumina enrichment ores.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the grain size of the bauxite ore powder is 200 mesh or less, the reduction furnace is a shaft furnace, and a flare gas is introduced from a lower portion of the shaft furnace.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heating reduction is 1000 to 1200 ℃ and the time of the heating reduction is 120 to 180min in step S1.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S1, after the heating reduction and before obtaining the reduced material, further comprises:
after the reduction is finished, continuously introducing the torch gas until the temperature in the reduction furnace is reduced to the room temperature.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the reduced material is ground to 200 mesh or less and magnetically separated at a magnetic field strength of 18 to 25 KA/m.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the high iron bauxite contains more than 20% total iron and Al2O3The content is more than 30 percent.
7. A method for extracting aluminum by using high-iron bauxite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A1, processing high-iron bauxite by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 to obtain magnetic separation concentrate and magnetic separation tailings;
step A2, uniformly mixing the magnetic separation tailings and ammonium sulfate, and roasting to obtain roasted clinker;
and A3, dissolving out the roasted clinker, and separating to obtain an aluminum-containing solution and aluminum extraction slag.
8. The method for extracting aluminum from high-iron bauxite according to claim 7, wherein in the step A2, the molar ratio of the aluminum oxide to the ammonium sulfate in the magnetic tailings is 1: (5-8).
9. The method for extracting aluminum from high-iron bauxite according to claim 7, wherein in the step A2, the roasting temperature is 400-600 ℃, and the roasting time is 1-4 hours.
10. The method for extracting aluminum from high-iron bauxite according to claim 7, wherein in the step A3, the digestion temperature is 85 ℃ or higher, and the digestion time is 20 to 100 min.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112279284A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-29 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for comprehensively utilizing high-sulfur bauxite and Bayer process red mud |
| CN113649523A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-16 | 贵州黄平富城实业有限公司 | Raw material ore pretreatment process for bauxite processing |
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| CN104163445A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-26 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Bauxite comprehensive utilization method |
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| CN104163445A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-26 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Bauxite comprehensive utilization method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112279284A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-29 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for comprehensively utilizing high-sulfur bauxite and Bayer process red mud |
| CN112279284B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2023-04-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for comprehensively utilizing high-sulfur bauxite and Bayer process red mud |
| CN113649523A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-16 | 贵州黄平富城实业有限公司 | Raw material ore pretreatment process for bauxite processing |
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