CN110756199A - Preparation method and application of composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots - Google Patents

Preparation method and application of composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110756199A
CN110756199A CN201910984787.2A CN201910984787A CN110756199A CN 110756199 A CN110756199 A CN 110756199A CN 201910984787 A CN201910984787 A CN 201910984787A CN 110756199 A CN110756199 A CN 110756199A
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quantum dots
composite photocatalyst
nickel sulfide
nickel
thiourea
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侯东芳
邓敏
黄磊
乔秀清
李东升
吴涛
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/02Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/04Sulfides
    • B01J27/043Sulfides with iron group metals or platinum group metals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/39Photocatalytic properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/391Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
    • B01J35/394Metal dispersion value, e.g. percentage or fraction
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/042Decomposition of water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0266Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
    • C01B2203/0277Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots. The method adopts a two-step hydrothermal method, firstly cadmium acetate and thiourea are used as raw materials, the original cadmium sulfide nano-microsphere is synthesized by the hydrothermal method, then nickel chloride, sodium citrate and thiourea are used as raw materials, the cadmium sulfide nano-microsphere synthesized in the previous step is added, and the composite photocatalyst of the cadmium sulfide nano-microsphere with the surface loaded with the nickel sulfide quantum dots is obtained by the hydrothermal method. Wherein, cadmium sulfide/nickel sulfide composite materials (marked as CdS/NiS) with different nickel-cadmium ratios are synthesized by controlling the adding amount of nickel sulfide quantum dot raw materials2). The synthesis of the composite material realizes the effective separation and migration of photon-generated carriers, and improves the light stability of the photocatalyst, thereby obtaining excellent photocatalytic performance.

Description

Preparation method and application of composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nano material preparation technology and green energy application, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a supported nickel sulfide quantum dot matrix composite material and application of the supported nickel sulfide quantum dot matrix composite material in photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Background
The exhaustion of fossil energy and the pollution to the environment have attracted extensive attention of countries in the world, and the search for clean energy to replace traditional fossil energy has become an urgent problem to be solved. With the continuous development of the technology for converting solar energy into hydrogen energy, the hydrogen energy is pollution-free and has high energy density, the solar energy is inexhaustible, and the development of the solar hydrogen production photocatalyst with high efficiency and low cost by not using noble metals becomes the aim and direction of people's efforts, but is still a huge challenge so far. In particular, metal sulfides are considered to be ideal candidates for visible light catalysis due to their superior electrocatalytic effects in the electrolysis of water. The n-type semiconductor CdS with narrow forbidden band width of 2.4 eV has high activity in visible light and enough negative flat band potential to make H+Reduction to H2Is a very attractive photocatalytic hydrogen evolution material. However, due to severe charge carrier recombination and photo-corrosion, the original CdS photocatalytic activity is still not ideal, and needs to be improved. The nickel sulfide is composed of elements rich in earth stock, is a cocatalyst material with great application prospect, and attracts people's extensive attention. The composite photocatalyst based on the nickel sulfide quantum dots can enrich photo-generated electrons and holes, can reduce the activation energy and overpotential of reaction, promote the reduction or oxidation reaction, promote the separation of the electrons and the holes at the interface of a cocatalyst/a semiconductor, and effectively inhibit the occurrence of photo-corrosion. Therefore, the nickel sulfide based composite material based on the quantum dot scale is not only beneficial to the rapid vector diffusion of photo-generated electrons, but also can promote H by reducing the thermodynamic overpotential of proton reduction2The photocatalytic performance of the composite catalyst is obviously improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots, and the composite photocatalyst is applied to photocatalytic hydrogen production. By the synergistic effect of the nickel sulfide quantum dots, visible light absorption is enlarged, the separation and transportation efficiency of charge carriers is improved, and the energy barrier for water is reduced, so that the photocatalytic performance of cadmium sulfide is improved. In addition, the composite photocatalyst is simple in preparation method, relatively stable and excellent in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.
The invention synthesizes a series of CdS/NiS with different proportions by taking cadmium sulfide and nickel sulfide quantum dots as candidate materials2A nanocomposite material.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present discovery is:
the experiment adopts a two-step hydrothermal method to obtain CdS/NiS2A composite nanomaterial. Firstly, synthesizing metal sulfide CdS by a one-step hydrothermal method, and then adding CdS nano-microspheres into NiS by adopting seed-mediated mild hydrothermal treatment2Under the condition of quantum dot synthesis, NiS is subjected to hydrothermal method2The quantum dots grow on the surface of the CdS microsphere, thereby obtaining the novel CdS/NiS2The composite photocatalyst has a theoretical nickel sulfide loading of 12.5-42 mol%.
The CdS/NiS with excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production performance2The preparation method of the nano composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing cadmium acetate dihydrate and thiourea, dispersing in water, stirring to dissolve completely, transferring to 50 mL
Covering the inner liner of the polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, sealing and heating for 12-48 h, centrifuging the product at high speed, taking supernatant, collecting for later use, wherein the cadmium sulfide is football-shaped nano microspheres with the size of about 150-200 nm.
(2) Weighing CdS powder obtained in the step (1), dispersing in water, performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain uniform suspension, and weighing
Taking nickel chloride hexahydrate, sodium citrate and thiourea (the molar ratio of the nickel chloride hexahydrate, the sodium citrate and the thiourea is 1: 1: 2-5), adjusting the pH of the solution to 10-12 by using 25-28% ammonia water, and continuously stirring the solution until the solution is uniform.
(3) Transferring the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle lining, and putting the polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle lining into a drying oven
Heating for 12-48 h. Cooled to room temperature, washed with pure water and ethanol several times, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven, and the product was collected.
The invention also provides CdS/NiS2A research method for applying the nano composite material to photocatalytic hydrogen production. The method comprises the following specific steps: a hydrogen production experiment was performed in a closed quartz reaction system under visible light irradiation, the temperature of the reaction system was maintained at 6 ℃ by cooling circulating water, a certain amount of catalyst was dispersed in an aqueous solution of lactic acid as a sacrificial agent, which was completely deaerated under continuous stirring, and hydrogen evolution analysis was performed by using an online gas chromatography (FULI, GC-7920) with a 300W xenon arc lamp of a 420 nm filter (CEL-HXF300) as a light source. The maximum photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate reaches 27.49mmol g−1h−1
The reaction mechanism is as follows: the technical scheme adopted by the invention adopts CdS nano-microspheres to load NiS2The quantum dot composite material shows excellent catalytic activity in photocatalytic hydrogen production. NiS2The quantum dots are crucial for improving the photocatalytic performance of the composite material. By NiS2The synergistic effect of the quantum dots can enlarge the visible light absorption of the composite material and improve the separation and transportation efficiency of charge carriers, and the high dispersibility of the small quantum dot nanoclusters can fully improve the close contact between the two components, greatly shorten the transfer time and the migration distance of photon-generated carriers, remarkably improve the transmission and separation efficiency of the photon-generated carriers and promote the generation of hydrogen. Therefore, this work has made an important step towards the design of high performance, low cost photocatalytic materials for the conversion of solar energy to hydrogen energy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of CdS and composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope image of the composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots prepared in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrum of CdS and composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots prepared in example 1.
FIG. 5 is an infrared spectrum of CdS and composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots prepared in example 1.
FIG. 6 is a photo-current diagram of CdS and composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots prepared in example 1.
FIG. 7 is an AC-impedance diagram of CdS and composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots prepared in example 1.
FIG. 8 is a histogram of hydrogen production performance of CdS catalyst and composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in the following detailed description with reference to specific embodiments, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting of the scope of the invention, as various equivalent modifications of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the present disclosure, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Example 1
(1) 1.6 mmol of cadmium acetate dihydrate and 8 mmol of thiourea are weighed and dispersed in 20 mL of water, stirred until the cadmium acetate dihydrate and the thiourea are completely dispersed, transferred into a 50 mL polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle lining, and heated in an oven at 140 ℃ for 24 hours. Cooled to room temperature, washed several times with purified water, then dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ and the product collected for later use.
(2) Weighing 50 mg of CdS powder obtained in step (1), dispersing in water, performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a uniform suspension, and respectively weighing nickel chloride hexahydrate (0.05 mmol, 0.1 mmol, 0.15 mmol, 0.2 mmol, 0.25 mmol), sodium citrate (0.05 mmol, 0.1 mmol, 0.15 mmol, 0.2 mmol, 0.25 mmol) and thiourea (0.15 mmol, 0.3 mmol, 0.45 mmol, 0.6 mmol, 0.75 mmol), wherein the molar ratio of the three is 1: 1: and 3, dropwise adding ammonia water (25-28%) while stirring to adjust the pH of the solution to 11, and continuously stirring for 10 min to obtain a uniform suspension.
(3) Transferring the suspension obtained in the step (2) into a 50 mL polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle lining, and drying in a 120 ℃ ovenAnd (5) heating for 24 h. Cooled to room temperature, washed with pure water and ethanol several times, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ to collect the product. The samples are respectively recorded as CdS/NiS2-0.05,CdS/NiS2-0.1,CdS/NiS2-0.15,CdS/NiS2-0.2,CdS/NiS20.25, the theoretical loading of nickel sulfide being 12.5 mol%, 22 mol%, 30mol%, 36 mol%, 42mol%, respectively. Fig. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the composite material, and it can be seen that the composite material has significant diffraction peaks of cadmium sulfide and nickel sulfide, and as the amount of nickel sulfide increases, the characteristic peaks in the composite material are gradually strengthened, indicating that the composite material is indeed a composite material of cadmium sulfide and nickel sulfide, and in addition, the characteristic peaks of cadmium sulfide in the composite material are consistent with those of pure cadmium sulfide, indicating that the original lattice structure of cadmium sulfide is not changed by adding nickel sulfide. FIGS. 2-3 are the scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images of the synthetic material, showing that cadmium sulfide is a football-shaped nanoparticle with a size of about 150-200nm, and the transmission image in FIG. 3 shows that nickel sulfide is loaded on the cadmium sulfide microsphere in the form of quantum dots, and the lattice spacing of the quantum dots is 0.197 nm, which corresponds to NiS2The (220) crystal face of the quantum dot can further verify that the nickel sulfide quantum dot is successfully synthesized, namely the cadmium sulfide nano microsphere loaded nickel sulfide quantum dot composite material is successfully synthesized by the scheme.
Example 2
(1) The composite catalyst obtained in example 1 was subjected to photocatalytic hydrogen production by visible light.
(2) A hydrogen production experiment was performed in a closed quartz reaction system under irradiation of visible light, the temperature of the reaction system was maintained at 6 ℃ by cooling circulating water, 10 mg of a catalyst was dispersed in a 10 vol% aqueous solution (80 mL) of lactic acid as a photocatalytic hydrogen production sacrificial agent, which was completely deaerated under continuous stirring, and hydrogen evolution analysis was performed by an online gas chromatography (FULI, GC-7920) using a 300W xenon arc lamp with a 420 nm filter (CEL-HXF300) as a light source. After the start of the illumination, samples were taken every 1 hour to obtain the hydrogen production histogram shown in FIG. 8. It can be shown that the theoretical nickel sulfide loading is 30mol% CdS/NiS product2-0.15 Hydrogen production 27.49mmol · h-1·g-1This is about 216 times higher than pure CdS hydrogen production. Fig. 4 is a ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectrum of the synthesized material, and it can be seen that the absorption of cadmium sulfide to visible light is enhanced by the addition of nickel sulfide quantum dots, and the capability of the composite material to absorb visible light is gradually enhanced with the increase of the addition of nickel sulfide. FIG. 5 is an infrared spectrum of the composite photocatalyst, and the characteristic peak of nickel sulfide after the composite photocatalyst is compounded is still consistent with that of pure cadmium sulfide, which shows that the composite material has a stable structure. Fig. 6-7 are a photo-amperometric diagram and an alternating current-impedance diagram of the composite material, and the characterization of the synthesized material by a photo-electrochemical method shows that after nickel sulfide is loaded, the carrier separation efficiency is obviously improved, so that the hydrogen production performance is improved, and various characterization results correspond to the hydrogen production performance bar chart in fig. 8.

Claims (7)

1. The preparation method of the composite photocatalyst based on the nickel sulfide quantum dots is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) weighing cadmium acetate dihydrate and thiourea, adding the cadmium acetate dihydrate and the thiourea into water, stirring until the cadmium acetate dihydrate and the thiourea are uniformly dispersed, transferring the mixture into a lining of a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, heating the mixture in an oven to carry out hydrothermal reaction, and cooling, washing and drying the hydrothermal reaction product to obtain cadmium sulfide nano microspheres;
(2) weighing the cadmium sulfide nano microspheres prepared in the step (1), dispersing in water, adding nickel chloride hexahydrate, sodium citrate and thiourea under stirring, adjusting the pH of the dispersion to 10-12 by using ammonia water, continuously stirring to obtain uniform suspension, heating in an oven, cooling to room temperature, washing with pure water and ethanol for multiple times, and drying in a vacuum drying oven to obtain CdS/NiS2A composite photocatalyst is provided.
2. The preparation method of the composite photocatalyst based on the nickel sulfide quantum dots, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of cadmium acetate to thiourea in the step (1) is 1: 1-10.
3. The preparation method of the composite photocatalyst based on the nickel sulfide quantum dots, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nickel chloride, the sodium citrate and the thiourea are added in the step (2) in a molar ratio of 1: 1: 2-5.
4. The method for preparing the composite photocatalyst based on the nickel sulfide quantum dots, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adding amount of the nickel source is 0.05 mmol-0.25 mmol, and the loading amount of the nickel sulfide is 12.5 mol% -42 mol%.
5. The application of the composite photocatalyst based on the nickel sulfide quantum dots prepared by any one of claims 1 to 4 in photocatalytic hydrogen production.
6. The application of the composite photocatalyst as claimed in claim 5, wherein the composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots is dispersed in an aqueous solution of lactic acid under the irradiation of visible light, and photocatalytic hydrogen production is carried out under continuous stirring, wherein the lactic acid is used as a sacrificial agent for photocatalytic hydrogen production by water splitting.
7. The use of claim 6, wherein the composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots is dispersed in an aqueous solution of lactic acid, and the content of lactic acid in the aqueous solution is 10 vol%.
CN201910984787.2A 2019-10-16 2019-10-16 Preparation method and application of composite photocatalyst based on nickel sulfide quantum dots Pending CN110756199A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113333002A (en) * 2021-06-12 2021-09-03 景德镇陶瓷大学 Preparation method of CdS quantum dot-loaded bismuth oxide composite visible light catalytic material and product prepared by same
CN113842925A (en) * 2021-09-10 2021-12-28 广东工业大学 CdS/NiS2Bulk photocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof
CN115779932A (en) * 2022-11-01 2023-03-14 陕西科技大学 V-CdS/NiS 2 Preparation method of composite photocatalyst

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BAYAN S.M. AL BALUSHIA等: "Hydrothermal synthesis of CdS sub-microspheres for photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals", 《APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE》 *
HONGJIAN YAN等: "Visible-light-driven hydrogen production with extremely high quantum efficiency on Pt–PdS/CdS photocatalyst", 《JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS》 *
QIN PAN等: "Facile one-pot synthesis of ultrathin NiS nanosheets anchored on graphene and the improved electrochemical Li-storage properties", 《RSC ADVANCES》 *
WEI ZHANG等: "Highly efficient and noble metal-free NiS/CdS photocatalysts for H2 evolution from lactic acid sacrificial solution under visible light", 《CHEM. COMMUN.》 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113333002A (en) * 2021-06-12 2021-09-03 景德镇陶瓷大学 Preparation method of CdS quantum dot-loaded bismuth oxide composite visible light catalytic material and product prepared by same
CN113842925A (en) * 2021-09-10 2021-12-28 广东工业大学 CdS/NiS2Bulk photocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof
CN113842925B (en) * 2021-09-10 2022-07-08 广东工业大学 CdS/NiS2Bulk photocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof
CN115779932A (en) * 2022-11-01 2023-03-14 陕西科技大学 V-CdS/NiS 2 Preparation method of composite photocatalyst
CN115779932B (en) * 2022-11-01 2024-04-02 陕西科技大学 V-CdS/NiS 2 Preparation method of composite photocatalyst

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