CN110756000A - Carbon capture and refrigeration system by ammonia crystallization method - Google Patents

Carbon capture and refrigeration system by ammonia crystallization method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110756000A
CN110756000A CN201910958829.5A CN201910958829A CN110756000A CN 110756000 A CN110756000 A CN 110756000A CN 201910958829 A CN201910958829 A CN 201910958829A CN 110756000 A CN110756000 A CN 110756000A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
ammonia
carbon
carbon dioxide
outlet
separator
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CN201910958829.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
雷轩邈
王甫
欧阳亮
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Ningbo University
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Ningbo University
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Priority to CN201910958829.5A priority Critical patent/CN110756000A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
    • B01D2252/102—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/406—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/65—Employing advanced heat integration, e.g. Pinch technology
    • B01D2259/652—Employing advanced heat integration, e.g. Pinch technology using side coolers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon capture and refrigeration system by a crystallization ammonia method, which comprises the following components: carbon dioxide absorption tower, crystallization separator, desorber, ammonia-carbon separator, throttle valve, evaporator, ammonia water absorber, liquid storage tank and other parts. The flue gas enters a crystallization separator after reacting with ammonia water through a carbon dioxide absorption tower, the separated crystals are sent to a desorber, liquid enters a liquid storage tank, the desorber is connected with a carbon-ammonia separator, the desorbed liquid enters the liquid storage tank, carbon dioxide and ammonia gas enter the carbon-ammonia separator, the carbon dioxide is separated out in a compression liquefaction mode for subsequent treatment, and the liquid ammonia enters an evaporator after throttling through a throttling valve to complete the refrigeration process. The crystalline ammonia carbon capture and refrigeration system takes ammonia water as a working medium pair, and can realize refrigeration and flue gas CO simultaneously2The method saves a generator and a condenser for ammonia absorption type refrigeration, effectively solves the problem of ammonia escape of ammonia-method carbon capture, and improves the absorption efficiency of carbon dioxide.

Description

Carbon capture and refrigeration system by ammonia crystallization method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of absorption refrigeration and greenhouse gas emission reduction, in particular to a carbon capture and refrigeration system by a crystalline ammonia method.
Background
With the development of industrial revolution and the continuous development of human society industrialization, a large amount of fossil fuels (coal and oil) are exploited and utilized, and a large amount of CO is released2Gases, causing a greenhouse effect. "CO reduction2Discharge has become the altitude of all countries in the worldThe concern, especially the effect of the world climate in paris on greenhouse gases is more important.
Effective methods for reducing carbon emissions are being sought in countries around the world. The carbon dioxide capture utilization and sequestration (CCS) technology is an important CO2 emission reduction technology, the CCS technology is already safely put into commercial operation for 45 years, 21 large-scale CCS facilities are put into operation globally by the end of 2018, and 3700 ten thousand tons of carbon dioxide are captured every year. China is also actively advancing CCS, and has built pilot-scale and demonstration projects on the scale of more than ten thousand tons. Wherein post-combustion chemical absorption is used as an effective CO2Removal of CO from power plant flue gas2In addition, the method has wide market prospect.
At present, the ammonia process carbon capture with ammonia water solution as absorbent has good CO2The absorption efficiency is high, but the ammonia escape problem in the process of ammonia carbon capture popularization and application severely limits the application of the ammonia process, and the escaped ammonia not only causes the concentration reduction of the ammonia water absorbent and influences the CO absorption2While the ammonia escaping to the atmosphere can also cause serious secondary pollution. Ammonia absorption of CO in the prior art2The post-separation efficiency is low, and the ammonia water solution after separation still contains a large amount of CO2And the subsequent absorption efficiency is reduced.
By adopting the carbon capture and refrigeration system device by the ammonia crystallization method, not only ammonia absorption refrigeration and carbon capture are integrated, equipment is simplified, equipment cost is reduced, but also the absorption efficiency of carbon dioxide is improved, and ammonia escape in the capture process of carbon dioxide is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of ammonia escape caused by the prior ammonia-method carbon capture system and improving CO2The invention provides a crystal ammonia carbon capture and refrigeration system, which enables ammonia water and carbon dioxide to be fully contacted and absorbed in a carbon dioxide absorption tower, crystallizes absorbed rich liquid in a crystallization separator, sends crystals into a desorber, desorbs and separates carbon dioxide and liquid ammonia, and continues to enter an evaporator for refrigeration through a throttle valve, thereby realizing CO absorption and simplification of an absorption efficiency and absorption refrigeration process2Integration of desorption process and ammonia absorption refrigeration processThe method improves the absorption efficiency of the carbon dioxide, simplifies the trapping process, reduces the investment cost of system construction, and realizes the recycling of the ammonia absorption.
The system mainly comprises a carbon dioxide absorption tower, a crystallization separator, a desorber, an ammonia-carbon separator, a throttle valve, an evaporator, an ammonia water absorber, a liquid storage tank and related valves.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: an outlet of the ammonia water absorber is connected with a spraying inlet at the upper part of the carbon dioxide absorption tower, the flue gas is introduced from a flue gas pipeline at the lower part of the carbon dioxide absorption tower and is in countercurrent contact with absorption liquid sprayed at the upper part to remove carbon dioxide, exhaust gas from which the carbon dioxide is removed is discharged from an exhaust gas pipeline at the top of the carbon dioxide absorption tower, and the carbon dioxide reacts with strong ammonia water to generate an ammonia water solution rich in the carbon dioxide; the outlet at the bottom of the carbon dioxide absorption tower is connected with the crystallization separator; the crystallization separator crystallizes the solution and separates out crystals to be sent to the desorber, and a liquid outlet at the lower part of the crystal separator is connected with the liquid storage tank; an upper outlet of the desorber is connected with the ammonia-carbon separator, and a lower liquid outlet of the desorber is connected with the liquid storage tank; the gas outlet of the carbon-ammonia separator discharges the separated carbon dioxide through a carbon dioxide pipeline or leads the carbon dioxide to a subsequent device, and the liquid outlet is connected with the evaporator through a throttle valve; the outlet of the evaporator is connected with the inlet of the ammonia water absorber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the carbon dioxide capture and the ammonia absorption refrigeration are combined, so that the equipment is simplified, and the investment cost of the equipment at the early stage is reduced.
(2) The carbon dioxide is captured by adopting a crystallization method, so that the carbon dioxide is separated more efficiently, and the absorption efficiency of the carbon dioxide is improved.
(3) Effectively reduces the environmental pollution caused by ammonia escape in the ammonia-method carbon capture desorption process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for carbon capture and refrigeration by a crystalline ammonia process of the present invention.
In the figure: the system comprises a carbon dioxide absorption tower 1, a crystallization separator 2, a desorber 3, an ammonia-carbon separator 4, a throttle valve 5, an evaporator 6, an ammonia water absorber 7, a liquid storage tank 8, a flue gas inlet 9, a flue gas outlet 10 and a carbon dioxide outlet 11.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a system for capturing and refrigerating carbon by a crystalline ammonia process comprises: carbon dioxide absorption tower, crystallization separator, desorber, ammonia-carbon separator, throttle valve, evaporator, ammonia water absorber, liquid storage tank and other parts.
The lower part of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 is provided with a flue gas inlet 9, and the upper part is provided with a flue gas outlet 10; an outlet of the ammonia water absorber 7 is connected with an inlet at the upper part of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1; an outlet at the lower part of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 is connected with the crystallization separator 2; the lower outlet of the crystal separator 2 is connected with the liquid storage tank 8, and the upper outlet is connected with the analyzer 3; the lower outlet of the analyzer 3 is connected with a liquid storage tank 8, and the upper outlet is connected with an ammonia-carbon separator 4; the ammonia-carbon separator 4 separates carbon dioxide and discharges the carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide outlet 11, and the liquid is connected with an inlet of the evaporator 6 through a throttle valve 5; the ammonia which finishes the evaporation process enters the ammonia water absorber 7, and the liquid in the liquid storage tank 8 also enters the ammonia water absorber 7.
Specifically, flue gas of a power plant at about 35 ℃ enters a carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 through a flue gas pipeline 9, the flue gas is in countercurrent contact with 35% concentrated ammonia water from an ammonia water absorber 7 in the absorption tower to absorb the carbon dioxide, an absorbed product enters a crystallization separator 2, a separated liquid enters a liquid storage tank 8, crystals enter a desorber 3, a desorbed liquid product enters the liquid storage tank 8, carbon dioxide and ammonia gas enter a carbon-ammonia separator 4, the separated carbon dioxide is discharged from a carbon dioxide outlet 11 to be subjected to the next operation, liquid ammonia at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ from the carbon-ammonia separator 4 enters an evaporator 6 through a throttle valve 5 and is evaporated under the pressure of 0.03-0.3MPa to prepare chilled water at the temperature of 7 ℃; the ammonia gas from the evaporator 6 enters an ammonia water absorber 7, meanwhile, the barren solution in the liquid storage tank 8 enters the ammonia water absorber 7 to absorb the ammonia gas from the evaporator 6, and the absorbed strong ammonia water with the concentration of 35% enters the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 to continuously participate in the absorption of the carbon dioxide.
In conclusion, the system of the invention adopts ammonia water as the working medium pair to capture and absorb the carbon dioxide in the flue gas. The carbon dioxide absorption tower realizes the reaction crystallization of the concentrated ammonia water and the carbon dioxide, and the crystals are separated and desorbed to realize the carbon dioxide capture and ammonia absorption refrigeration cycle. Compared with the traditional carbon dioxide absorption and separation process, the ammonia-carbon absorption, desorption and separation process has the characteristics of higher efficiency, stronger system reliability and the like.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, which are only illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A crystalline ammonia carbon capture and refrigeration system comprising: carbon dioxide absorption tower, crystal separator, desorber, ammonia-carbon separator, throttle valve, evaporator, ammonia water absorber, liquid storage tank and other parts,
the lower part of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 is provided with a flue gas inlet 9, and the upper part is provided with a flue gas outlet 10; a liquid outlet at the bottom of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 is connected with an inlet of the crystallization separator 2; the lower outlet of the crystallization separator 2 is connected with the liquid storage tank 8, and the upper outlet is connected with the inlet of the desorber 3; an outlet at the bottom of the desorber 3 is connected with the liquid storage tank 8, and an outlet at the upper part is connected with the ammonia-carbon separator 4; carbon dioxide gas separated by the ammonia-carbon separator 4 is discharged from a carbon dioxide outlet 11 for subsequent operation, and a liquid ammonia outlet is connected through a throttle valve 5 for throttling; the outlet of the throttle valve 5 is connected with the inlet of the evaporator 6; the outlet of the evaporator 6 is connected with the gas inlet of the ammonia absorber 7; the liquid inlet of the ammonia absorber 7 is connected with the liquid storage tank 8, and the outlet is connected with the liquid inlet at the upper part of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1.
2. The system for capturing and refrigerating ammonia-carbon by crystallization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the absorption tower is below 35 ℃, the concentration of ammonia water is 30%, and the bottom of the absorption tower is provided with a stirrer to prevent the outlet from being blocked by crystals.
3. The crystalline ammonia-carbon capture and refrigeration system of claim 1 wherein the crystal separator operates at a temperature below 58 ℃ to keep crystals non-volatile.
4. The system for capturing and refrigerating carbon by a crystalline ammonia process according to claim 1, wherein a crystal scraper is arranged at a crystal outlet of the crystal separator to improve the output efficiency of the crystallized particles.
5. The system for capturing and refrigerating carbon by using ammonia crystallization method according to claim 1, wherein the ammonia-carbon separation adopts a compression and cooling mode to liquefy gaseous ammonia and then separate the liquefied gaseous ammonia from carbon dioxide gas.
CN201910958829.5A 2019-10-10 2019-10-10 Carbon capture and refrigeration system by ammonia crystallization method Pending CN110756000A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117753157A (en) * 2024-02-22 2024-03-26 汇舸(南通)环保设备有限公司 Low Wen Ninghua carbon capture equipment for marine host tail gas

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101745299A (en) * 2009-10-23 2010-06-23 清华大学 Method and apparatus for capturing CO2 in flue gas by utilizing three-phase circulating fluidized bed and ammonia
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US20150343368A1 (en) * 2011-11-22 2015-12-03 Industry-University Cooperation Foundation Hanyang University Erica Campus Combined carbon dioxide capture and desalination device
CN106693648A (en) * 2016-12-08 2017-05-24 华电电力科学研究院 Carbon dioxide capture system by employing ammonia process of strengthening crystallization and method of carbon dioxide capture system
CN107741103A (en) * 2017-11-06 2018-02-27 宁波大学 A kind of ammonia absorption type refrigeration combines carbon capturing device
CN108014603A (en) * 2017-11-21 2018-05-11 华电电力科学研究院 Crystallization ammonia process steam regeneration catches carbon system and method

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117753157A (en) * 2024-02-22 2024-03-26 汇舸(南通)环保设备有限公司 Low Wen Ninghua carbon capture equipment for marine host tail gas
CN117753157B (en) * 2024-02-22 2024-04-30 汇舸(南通)环保设备有限公司 Low Wen Ninghua carbon capture equipment of marine host tail gas

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Application publication date: 20200207