CN110754952A - Non-stick coating, pot and cooking utensil - Google Patents
Non-stick coating, pot and cooking utensil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110754952A CN110754952A CN201811299617.2A CN201811299617A CN110754952A CN 110754952 A CN110754952 A CN 110754952A CN 201811299617 A CN201811299617 A CN 201811299617A CN 110754952 A CN110754952 A CN 110754952A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
- A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
- A47J36/025—Vessels with non-stick features, e.g. coatings
Abstract
The invention provides a non-stick coating, a cookware and a cooking utensil. Wherein the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating is 0.1W/mK-3W/mK. Therefore, the non-stick coating has a good heat equalizing effect, heat is slowly diffused in the non-stick coating during heating, and the phenomenon of local overheating is hardly caused.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cooking equipment, in particular to a non-stick coating, a cooker and a cooking utensil.
Background
At present, when a consumer cooks food by using a metal cooking utensil, the heat conductivity coefficient of metal is high, and when the heating is uneven, the phenomenon of pot sticking and burning easily occurs in a region with concentrated heating. After the food is burnt, harmful substances which damage the human health can be generated, and the burnt food is difficult to clean, so that the cooking experience of a user is seriously influenced.
Thus, the current cooking appliances still need to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a non-stick coating with low thermal conductivity, high hardness, wear resistance, scratch resistance or good non-stick performance, wherein the non-stick coating is used in a cooking device, the temperature distribution of the cooking device is uniform, the cooking device is hardly burnt when food is heated, the non-stick coating is not easy to fall off, and the cooking device has good lasting non-stick performance.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a non-stick coating. According to the embodiment of the invention, the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating is 0.1-3W/mK. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating is low, the non-stick coating is arranged on the surface of a base body (such as a pot body and a liner) just like a protective coat is worn on the base body, the phenomenon of local overheating can hardly occur in the non-stick coating when the non-stick coating is heated, the temperature is uniformly distributed in the non-stick coating, the burning phenomenon can be effectively prevented, the health of a consumer is effectively protected, the non-stick performance of the non-stick coating is good, the non-stick coating is easy to clean, and the consumption experience of the consumer is greatly improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the non-stick coating contains a quasicrystalline material therein.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the content of the quasicrystalline material in the non-stick coating is 20 to 90 wt% based on the total mass of the non-stick coating.
According to an embodiment of the invention, said quasi-crystalline material in said non-stick coating is formed using quasi-crystalline particles having a particle size of not more than 150 microns.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the non-stick coating further comprises at least one of organic fluorine resin and ceramic.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the surface roughness of the outer surface of said non-stick coating is greater than 0 and less than 2 microns.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the porosity of said non-stick coating is equal to or greater than 0.1% and equal to or less than 20%.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the non-stick coating is 10-500 micrometers.
According to an embodiment of the invention, said non-stick coating comprises: a first subcoat comprising a first quasicrystalline material therein; a second subcoat disposed on an outer surface of the first subcoat and comprising a second quasicrystalline material; wherein the first quasicrystal particles forming the first quasicrystal material have a larger particle size than the second quasicrystal particles forming the second quasicrystal material.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the first sub-coating and the second sub-coating each independently comprise a plurality of sub-layers.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the raw material forming the quasicrystalline material includes at least two of aluminum, iron, copper, chromium, titanium, nickel, and zirconium.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the raw materials for forming the quasicrystal material comprise the following components in atomic ratio (60-70): (15-25): (5-15): (5-15) aluminum, copper, iron and chromium.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a cookware. According to an embodiment of the invention, the cookware comprises a body and the aforementioned non-stick coating disposed on the inner surface of the body. Therefore, the temperature distribution in the pot is uniform, the phenomena of pot sticking and burning are hardly caused, the physical health of consumers is hardly damaged, the pot is easy to clean, and the use performance is better.
According to an embodiment of the invention the thermal conductivity of said non-stick coating between radii 1/3-2/3 of the bottom of said cookware body is lower than the thermal conductivity of said non-stick coating of the rest of the bottom of the body.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the body contains a quasicrystalline material therein.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the material forming the body comprises at least one of stainless steel, iron, carbon steel, aluminium and ceramic.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a cooking appliance. According to an embodiment of the invention, the cooking appliance comprises the aforementioned pot. The cooking utensil has all the characteristics and advantages of the pot, and the description is omitted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of a non-stick coating in one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a pot in one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method for preparing quasicrystalline particles in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of a quasicrystalline powder in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) of a quasicrystalline powder in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. The following examples are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
The present invention has been completed based on the following knowledge and findings of the inventors:
at present, aiming at the problems of pan sticking and burning of a cooking appliance, a teflon coating is usually arranged in the cooking appliance, but the teflon coating is easy to fall off when being touched with appliances such as a shovel, a scouring pad and the like, so that the non-stick performance of the coating is poor, and the burning phenomenon still occurs. In view of the above technical problems, the inventors have conducted intensive studies, and found that a non-stick coating with a low thermal conductivity is disposed in a cooking utensil, so that when the non-stick coating is heated, heat is distributed uniformly in the non-stick coating, and a local overheating phenomenon hardly occurs, thereby greatly reducing the occurrence of a burnt or pot sticking phenomenon, and greatly improving the consumption experience of consumers.
In view of this, in one aspect of the invention, a non-stick coating is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating is 0.1-3W/mK, such as 0.1W/mK, 0.5W/mK, 1.0W/mK, 1.1W/mK, 1.2W/mK, 1.3W/mK, 1.4W/mK, 1.5W/mK, 1.6W/mK, 1.7W/mK, 1.8W/mK, 1.9W/mK, 2.0W/mK, 2.1W/mK, 2.2W/mK, 2.3W/mK, 2.4W/mK, 2.5W/mK, 2.6W/mK, 2.7W/mK, 2.8W/mK, 2.9W/mK, 3.0W/mK. From this, the thermal conductivity of non-stick coating is lower, with its surface that sets up at the body (for example pot body, inner bag body etc.) just as having worn the one deck protection clothing for the body, heat slowly diffuses in the non-stick coating when heating, local overheated phenomenon can hardly appear, the temperature distribution in the non-stick coating is comparatively even, soaking effect preferred, can effectively prevent the phenomenon of burning paste, effectively protect consumer's is healthy, and non-stick coating's non-stick performance preferred, easy washing, greatly improve consumer's consumption experience. When the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating is too low, the heat conduction rate is too low, the waiting time for heating food is too long, and the experience of consumers is poor; when the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating is too high, the non-stick coating is easy to generate local overheating phenomenon, so that food is easy to burn, the physical health of consumers is damaged, and the consumption experience of the consumers is reduced.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the non-stick coating contains a quasicrystalline material therein. Therefore, the quasi-crystal material has the advantages of low thermal conductivity, high hardness, wear resistance, scratch resistance, corrosion resistance, strong binding force with a matrix, long service life, capability of keeping non-stick performance for a long time, effective prevention of burning during long-term use and good service performance.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a quasicrystal is a solid intermediate between crystalline and amorphous, having a fully ordered structure, but without the translational symmetry that crystals should have. The outermost layer of electrons of the quasicrystal has no reconstruction phenomenon, and the quasicrystal is kept to the outer surface by an electronic structure with a pseudo energy gap, so that the quasicrystal has the lowest surface energy in a metal system, water or other substances are not easy to adhere to the surface of the quasicrystal, and the quasicrystal has better non-stick performance due to the property; the quasicrystal has excellent corrosion resistance due to its characteristic of localized electron in the fermi level. The quasicrystal also has the characteristics of high hardness and abrasion resistance, so that the nonstick coating containing the quasicrystal can be compared with a Teflon coating, the hardness is 2.5 times of that of a stainless steel material, and the quasi-crystal can resist the scraping of an iron shovel. Meanwhile, the quasicrystal and the metal matrix are metallurgically bonded, and the bonding force is far higher than the van der Waals force, so that the quasicrystal has long service life without special maintenance.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the quasicrystal has five-time rotational symmetry or ten-time rotational symmetry characteristics. Therefore, the quasicrystal has the special quasi-periodic arrangement characteristics, the crystal grains of the quasicrystal cannot be arranged in the whole space, and the coating surface formed by the quasicrystal is provided with the concave-convex structure with micron-scale or micro-nanometer-scale gaps formed by the crystal grains, so that the structure can play an excellent hydrophobic role and has a good non-sticking effect.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the grain shape of the quasicrystal is a polyhedral structure. Therefore, the crystal grains formed by the polyhedral structure cannot be arranged in the whole space, so that the surface of the coating contains a concave-convex structure, the structure can play an excellent hydrophobic effect, the non-stick effect is good, the coating has proper porosity, and the use performance of the non-stick coating can be further improved. In some embodiments of the invention, the grain shape of the quasicrystal is an icosahedron, a triacontahedron, or a decahedron. Therefore, when the quasicrystal contains the crystal grains with the shapes of icosahedron, thirty-dihedron or decahedron, the quasicrystal has a more compact structure, so that the quasicrystal has higher hardness, is wear-resistant, scratch-resistant and corrosion-resistant, can disperse stress, is easy to diffuse cracks, prevents the cracks from being formed along a fixed direction, has longer service life, is better in non-stick performance, and further ensures that the service performance of the coating containing the quasicrystal is better.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the material forming the non-stick coating comprises at least two of Al, Fe, Cu, Cr, Ti, Ni and Zr. Therefore, the material can form quasicrystal in the non-stick coating, so that the coating is good in non-stick property, high in hardness, good in wear resistance and scratch resistance and long in service life, almost has no influence on human health, is high in safety and is friendly to the environment. In some embodiments of the invention, the material forming the non-stick coating is an Al-Cu-Fe alloy, an Al-Cu-Fe-Cr alloy, a Ti-Fe alloy, or a Ti-Ni-Zr alloy. Therefore, the alloy is easier to form quasi-crystal, so that the non-stick coating is better in non-stick property, higher in hardness, better in wear resistance and scratch resistance and longer in service life. In some embodiments of the present invention, the raw materials for forming the quasicrystalline material include atomic ratios of (60-70): (15-25): (5-15): (5-15) aluminum, copper, iron and chromium. Therefore, quasi-crystals with proper contents can be formed by the aluminum, the copper, the iron and the chromium in the atomic ratio range, and the service performance of the non-stick coating is better.
In some embodiments of the invention, the content of the quasicrystalline material in the non-stick coating is from 20 to 90 wt%, based on the total mass of the non-stick coating. For example, the amount of quasicrystalline material in the non-stick coating can be 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 45 wt%, 50 wt%, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt%, 70 wt%, 75 wt%, 80 wt%, 85 wt%, 90 wt%, etc. The inventor finds that the non-stick coating has the advantages of good non-stick performance, low thermal conductivity, high hardness, wear resistance, scratch resistance, corrosion resistance, long service life, high temperature resistance, no release of toxic substances at high temperature, almost no damage to human health, environmental friendliness and high safety. When the content of the quasicrystal material is too low, the non-stick performance of the non-stick coating is low, the heat conductivity is relatively high, the occurrence rate of local overheating phenomenon is relatively high, the hardness is relatively poor, and the service performance is relatively poor; when the content of the quasicrystal material is too high, the non-stick coating is easy to crack, and the service performance is relatively poor.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the quasicrystalline material in the non-stick coating is formed with quasicrystalline particles having a particle size of no more than 150 microns, such as 145 microns, 140 microns, 135 microns, 130 microns, 125 microns, 120 microns, 115 microns, 110 microns, 105 microns, 100 microns, 95 microns, 90 microns, 85 microns, 80 microns, 75 microns, 70 microns, 65 microns, 60 microns, 55 microns, 50 microns, 45 microns, 40 microns, 35 microns, 30 microns, 25 microns, 20 microns, 15 microns, 10 microns. Therefore, the formed quasicrystal material has a super-hydrophobic structure, the non-stick performance of the non-stick coating can be effectively improved, the hardness of the non-stick coating is high, and the scratch resistance is realized. When the particle size of the quasicrystal particles is too large, the hydrophobicity or the non-adhesiveness of the non-stick coating is relatively poor, and the structure of the outer surface of the non-stick coating is loose, so that the hardness, the wear resistance and the non-adhesiveness of the non-stick coating are relatively low; furthermore, the surface roughness of the non-stick coating is increased due to the excessively large particle size of the quasicrystal particles, and conditioning substances and the like are easily deposited in gaps when the surface roughness is excessively large, so that the non-stick performance of the coating is reduced in a long-time use process, and the use effect is influenced.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the non-stick coating may further include at least one of an organic fluorine resin or a ceramic material. Therefore, the organic fluorine resin (such as Teflon) and the ceramic also have good non-stick performance, and the non-stick performance of the non-stick coating can be further improved by playing a role in cooperation with the quasicrystal material.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the porosity of said non-stick coating is greater than or equal to 0.1% and less than or equal to 20%, for example the porosity of the non-stick coating may be 0.1%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, etc. Therefore, reasonable pores in the non-stick coating can reduce stress concentration and avoid the generation of coating cracks. When the porosity of the non-stick coating is too small, the stress in the coating is relatively large and is relatively easy to crack, and the thermal conductivity is large, so that the uniformity of thermal conductivity is influenced; when the porosity of the non-stick coating is high, the non-stick coating has relatively low hardness and abrasion resistance, resulting in relatively poor durability of the coating.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the surface roughness of the outer surface of the non-stick coating is greater than 0 and less than 2 microns, such as 0.1 micron, 0.2 micron, 0.3 micron, 0.4 micron, 0.5 micron, 0.6 micron, 0.7 micron, 0.8 micron, 0.9 micron, 1.0 micron, 1.1 micron, 1.2 micron, 1.3 micron, 1.4 micron, 1.5 micron, 1.6 micron, 1.7 micron, 1.8 micron, 1.9 micron, 1.95 micron, and the like. Therefore, the surface of the non-stick coating is smooth, the friction coefficient is low, the scratch resistance is better, and the non-stick performance is also better. When the surface roughness of the non-stick coating is too large, water drops can be flatly paved on the surface of the coating due to the capillary action of pores, so that the hydrophobic angle is reduced, and the non-stick property of the non-stick coating is reduced; further, when the surface roughness is too large, a conditioning material or the like is easily deposited in the gap, and the non-stick property of the coating is lowered during long-term use, thereby affecting the use effect.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the non-stick coating has a thickness of 10 to 500 microns, such as 10 microns, 11 microns, 12 microns, 13 microns, 14 microns, 15 microns, 16 microns, 17 microns, 18 microns, 19 microns, 20 microns, 30 microns, 40 microns, 50 microns, 80 microns, 100 microns, 120 microns, 150 microns, 160 microns, 180 microns, 200 microns, 210 microns, 220 microns, 250 microns, 270 microns, 280 microns, 290 microns, 300 microns, 310 microns, 320 microns, 350 microns, 360 microns, 380 microns, 390 microns, 400 microns, 410 microns, 420 microns, 430 microns, 440 microns, 450 microns, 460 microns, 470 microns, 480 microns, 490 microns, 500 microns. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating is low, even if the outer surface of the non-stick coating is damaged, the inner structure of the coating can still effectively exert the non-stick performance, the service life of the coating is effectively prolonged, and better non-stick performance can be kept in the long-term use process. If the thickness of the non-stick coating is too thin, the thermal conductivity of the coating is relatively high, the heat-equalizing effect cannot be effectively achieved, the occurrence rate of local overheating is relatively high, and the service life is relatively short; if the thickness of the non-stick coating is too thick, the structure of the outer surface of the coating is loose, gaps among the convex parts are increased, and the hardness, the wear resistance and the non-stick property of the coating are relatively low.
According to an embodiment of the invention, with reference to fig. 1, said non-stick coating comprises: a first sub-coating 10, the first sub-coating 10 containing a first quasicrystalline material therein; a second sub-coating layer 20, the second sub-coating layer 20 being disposed on an outer surface of the first sub-coating layer 10 and containing a second quasicrystalline material; wherein the first quasicrystal particles 11 forming the first quasicrystal material have a larger particle size than the second quasicrystal particles 21 forming the second quasicrystal material. Therefore, the grain size of the first quasicrystal grains forming the first quasicrystal material is large, the binding force between the first sub-coating and the base body can be increased, the porosity of the formed first sub-coating is large, the thermal conductivity of the first sub-coating can be reduced, the uniformity of heat conduction is improved, the non-stick coating with proper thermal conductivity can be obtained, the grain size of the second quasicrystal grains forming the second quasicrystal material is small, the non-stick coating with proper porosity can be obtained, the surface of the non-stick coating has a super-hydrophobic structure, the non-stick performance is improved, the non-stick coating is prepared by respectively adopting the quasicrystal grains with different grain sizes, the non-stick coating with proper porosity and thermal conductivity can be obtained, the waste of the large-grain-size quasicrystal grains can be reduced, the production efficiency is improved. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first sub-coating and the second sub-coating each independently comprise a plurality of sub-layers. Therefore, the first sub-coating and the second sub-coating with proper thicknesses can be obtained, so that the non-stick coating has proper thermal conductivity and good wear resistance and scratch resistance. In some embodiments of the present invention, each sub-layer is formed by one spraying, and the first sub-coating layer and the second sub-coating layer having suitable thicknesses can be formed by multiple spraying. Therefore, the operation is simple and convenient, the realization is easy, and the cost is lower.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a cookware. According to an embodiment of the invention, with reference to fig. 2, the cookware comprises a body 100 and the aforementioned non-stick coating 200 provided on the inner surface of the body. Therefore, the temperature distribution in the pot is uniform, the phenomena of pot sticking and burning are hardly caused, the physical health of consumers is hardly damaged, the pot is easy to clean, and the use performance is better.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating between the radiuses 1/3-2/3 of the bottom of the cookware body is lower than that of the non-stick coating on the rest part of the bottom of the cookware body, the temperature is higher because the position between the radiuses 1/3-2/3 of the cookware body corresponds to the heating coil or the flame, and the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating between the radiuses 1/3-2/3 of the cookware body is lower than that of the non-stick coating on the rest part of the bottom of the cookware body, so that the heat distribution of the bottom of the cookware body is uniform, the bubbling is uniform, no large bubbles are generated, and the noise in the cooking process of the cookware.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the pot can be a pot which can be directly used such as a frying pan, a stewing pan, a milk pot, a soup pot, a pan and the like, and also can be a liner pot of an electric cooker, a pressure cooker and the like, and the body is a pot body or a liner body of cooking equipment. Therefore, the application scene is wide, and most cooking requirements of consumers can be met. According to an embodiment of the invention, the material forming the body comprises at least one of stainless steel, iron, carbon steel, aluminium and ceramic. Therefore, the material has wide sources and lower cost, and the binding force between the material and the non-stick coating is stronger.
For the pot made of stainless steel, the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating is 0.1-3W/mK, and the non-stick coating is arranged on the surface of the stainless steel pot just like a protective coat is worn on a stainless steel substrate, so that the thermal conductivity of the stainless steel pot is 5-17W/mK, preferably 6-17W/mK, such as 6W/mK, 7W/mK, 8W/mK, 9W/mK, 10W/mK, 11W/mK, 12W/mK, 13W/mK, 14W/mK, 15W/mK, 16W/mK, 17W/mK and the like, the phenomenon of local overheating hardly occurs in the non-stick coating during heating, the temperature is uniformly distributed in the non-stick coating, and the burning phenomenon can be effectively prevented.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the body of the pot may be doped with a quasi-crystal material. Therefore, the hardness and the wear resistance of the cookware can be further improved, the thermal expansion coefficient matching degree between the body and the non-stick coating is higher, the binding force is stronger, the non-stick coating is not easy to drop and wear, and the service life is obviously prolonged.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a cooking appliance. According to an embodiment of the invention, the cooking appliance comprises the aforementioned pot. Therefore, the cooking utensil has good non-stick performance, is not easy to crack, has uniform temperature distribution in the cookware, hardly causes the phenomena of pot sticking and burning, has long service life, hardly damages the health of consumers, is easy to clean and has better use performance.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cooking appliance is selected from at least one of a wok, a frying pan, a stew, a milk pan, a soup pan, a pan, an electric cooker, and a pressure cooker. Thereby, most cooking requirements can be met. The cooking utensil can also comprise the structure which the conventional cooking utensil should have besides the non-stick coating, taking a wok as an example for illustration, and the cooking utensil can also comprise a handle and the like.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a method of making the non-stick coating described above. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: and spraying the raw material of the non-stick coating to obtain the non-stick coating, wherein the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating is 0.1-3W/mK. Therefore, the method for preparing the non-stick coating is simple, convenient, easy to implement and low in cost, and the obtained non-stick coating has all the characteristics and advantages described above, and redundant description is omitted.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the raw material for forming the non-stick coating can be the raw material for forming the quasicrystalline material described above, and will not be described in detail herein.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, before spraying the raw material of the non-stick coating, referring to fig. 3, the method may further include a step of preparing the raw material into quasicrystalline particles:
s110: and smelting the raw materials for forming the non-stick coating into an alloy ingot.
S120: and atomizing the alloy ingot in a protective atmosphere to prepare powder, so as to obtain quasicrystal powder (the characterization result of the quasicrystal powder can refer to fig. 4 and 5).
In some embodiments of the present invention, atomizing the pulverized powder may comprise: melting the alloy ingot into a liquid at 1000-1200 ℃, then impacting or otherwise breaking the molten liquid into fine droplets with a rapidly moving fluid (atomizing medium), followed by condensation into a solid powder. Therefore, the method has mature process, is easy to operate and is easy for industrial production.
S130: and spheroidizing the quasicrystalline powder to obtain quasicrystalline particles.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the spheroidizing method can be an aerosol method, a water mist method, a plasma rotation method and the like, the operation is simple and convenient, and the powder yield of the quasicrystalline particles during the spraying in the subsequent steps can be improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in order to further improve the powder yield of the quasicrystal particles during spraying, the particle size of the quasicrystal particles is less than 150 micrometers, and specifically, the quasicrystal particles with the particle size of less than 150 micrometers can be obtained by performing powder screening (for example, performing powder screening by using a 50-200 mesh screen) after the spheroidizing treatment. Therefore, the powder yield of the quasicrystal particles is better during spraying. If the particle size of the quasicrystal particles is too large, not only powder is not easy to be discharged, but also the incompletely melted quasicrystal particles are too many during spraying, and if the incompletely melted quasicrystal particles are sprayed on the surface of the body, the surface of the non-stick coating is uneven, so that the non-stick effect of the coating is relatively low, and the use performance is relatively poor.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in order to improve the adhesion of the non-stick coating on the body, the step of cleaning the surface of the body can be further included before spraying, and the specific method for cleaning is not limited as long as the stain, oil stain or rust on the surface of the body can be cleaned to meet the requirement of spraying. In some embodiments of the invention, the surface of the body can be cleaned and dried by adopting alcohol, trichloroethylene or pure water and ultrasonic waves, and the like, and the surface of the body cannot have rust and the like before spraying, so that the adhesion of the quasicrystal on the body can be greatly improved after spraying after cleaning. In some embodiments of the present invention, after the cleaning step, the surface of the body may be subjected to a sand blasting treatment to roughen the surface of the body, in order to further improve the adhesion of the non-stick coating on the body and prolong the service life of the non-stick coating.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the spray treatment is plasma spraying. Therefore, the operation is simple and convenient, and the realization is easy. In some embodiments of the present invention, the power of the plasma spraying is 30-40 KW, for example, the power of the plasma spraying can be 30KW, 32KW, 34KW, 36KW, 38KW, 40KW, etc., the main gas flow is 50-60L/min, for example, the main steam flow can be 50L/min, 52L/min, 54L/min, 56L/min, 58L/min, 60L/min, etc., the auxiliary gas flow is 20-30L/min, for example, the auxiliary air flow rate can be 20L/min, 22L/min, 24L/min, 26L/min, 28L/min, 30L/min, etc., the powder feeding amount is 15-20 g/min, for example, the powder feed amount may be 15g/min, 16g/min, 17g/min, 18g/min, 19g/min, 20g/min, or the like. Therefore, the non-stick coating with better performance can be formed, and the non-stick coating has stronger binding force with the body and is not easy to fall off. It should be noted that the amount of Al in the feedstock is higher than in the final non-stick coating, since there is partial ablation of the aluminum (Al) during plasma spraying.
According to the embodiment of the invention, after the spraying treatment, the method further comprises the step of annealing the non-stick coating.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in order to obtain the non-stick coating with proper thermal conductivity on the basis of ensuring the quality of the non-stick coating, the temperature of the annealing treatment is 600 ℃ to 800 ℃, for example, the temperature of the annealing treatment can be 600 ℃, 650 ℃, 700 ℃, 750 ℃, 800 ℃ or the like. So, anneal in this temperature range, not only can be with in the non-stick coating because the amorphous phase that the spraying converts reconverts into the quasi-crystal under high temperature, make the quasi-crystal seed crystal in the non-stick coating grow up and become the quasi-crystal grain in addition, can not influence the quality of non-stick coating yet, and the quasi-crystal content in the coating that obtains is comparatively suitable, be favorable to obtaining the non-stick coating that the thermal conductivity is comparatively suitable, the size of the quasi-crystal grain that obtains is comparatively suitable, the clearance between the bellying that has the crystalline grain to constitute is also comparatively suitable, make the non-stick coating non-stick performance better. If the annealing temperature is lower than 600 ℃, the content of quasicrystal in the coating is relatively low, the non-stick performance of the non-stick coating is relatively poor, the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating is relatively large, and the soaking effect is relatively poor; if the annealing temperature is higher than 800 ℃, the non-stick coating has too high content of quasicrystal and is fragile, and during the annealing process, the too high temperature can cause too high thermal stress in the coating, and the too high thermal stress can cause the non-stick coating to crack, so that the service performance of the coating is relatively poor, and the production cost of the non-stick coating is high.
According to the embodiment of the invention, since the non-stick coating contains a metal element (such as aluminum) which is easily oxidized, the annealing treatment is performed under vacuum or a protective atmosphere (such as nitrogen or argon). Therefore, in the annealing process, easily oxidized metal elements such as aluminum and the like can be protected from being oxidized, the content of quasicrystal in the non-stick coating is further improved, and the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating is more appropriate.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in order to obtain the non-stick coating with proper thermal conductivity, the annealing treatment conditions are as follows: the temperature rising rate is 5-100 ℃/min, for example, the temperature rising rate can be 5 ℃/min, 10 ℃/min, 20 ℃/min, 30 ℃/min, 40 ℃/min, 50 ℃/min, 60 ℃/min, 70 ℃/min, 80 ℃/min, 90 ℃/min or 100 ℃/min, etc., the heat preservation time is 0.5-10 hours, for example, the heat preservation time can be 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 9 hours or 10 hours, etc., the temperature reduction rate is 5-100 ℃/min, for example, the temperature reduction rate can be 5 ℃/min, 10 ℃/min, 20 ℃/min, 30 ℃/min, 40 ℃/min, 50 ℃/min, 60 ℃/min, 70 ℃/min, 80 ℃/min, 90 ℃/min or 100 ℃/min, etc., the temperature is reduced to 200-300 ℃, for example, 200 ℃, 230 ℃, 250 ℃, 270 ℃ or 300 ℃, and then furnace-cooled to room temperature. Therefore, the quasi-crystal content is more appropriate, the non-adhesiveness of the non-stick coating is greatly improved, and the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating is more appropriate. If the temperature rising rate or the temperature reduction rate is too low, the process duration can be prolonged; if the temperature rising rate or the temperature reduction rate is too high, the quality of the non-stick coating is influenced, such as cracking of the coating and the like; if the heat preservation time is too short, the amorphous phase can not be fully converted into quasi-crystal or the crystal seed can not be completely grown into crystal grains, and the service performance of the non-stick coating is relatively poor; if the holding time is too long, the non-stick coating may crack and be costly.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, after annealing, a step of polishing the non-stick coating may be further included.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the polishing treatment mode can be grinding or cutting, the operation is simple and convenient, a smooth surface can be obtained, and the non-stick coating is not easy to damage when cleaning tools such as a shovel, a scouring pad and the like are used for cleaning for a long time, so that the cooking utensil can be endowed with permanent non-stick property.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the method for preparing the non-stick coating is simple and convenient to operate and easy to realize, the non-stick coating with proper quasicrystal content can be obtained, the non-stick coating has proper heat conductivity and porosity, good non-stick performance, high hardness, wear resistance, scratch resistance, corrosion resistance, long service life and high temperature resistance, toxic substances can not be released at high temperature, the human health can not be damaged almost, and the method is friendly to the environment and high in safety.
Embodiments of the present application are described below.
Examples
Non-stick coating thickness test method: the non-stick coating was subjected to scanning electron microscopy to measure the thickness of the non-stick coating.
The thermal conductivity test method comprises the following steps: and testing by adopting a flat plate heat flow method.
The non-stick performance test method comprises the following steps: the adopted method for testing the non-stickiness of the fried eggs has the test method and standard of ASTM D5470-2006GB "thin thermal conductivity solid electric insulating material heat transfer performance test standard".
It is to be noted that in the following examples and comparative examples, the body is made of stainless steel having a diameter of 25.4mm and a thickness of 4mm, and the thermal conductivity is measured as that of the body having the non-stick coating.
Example 1
The preparation of the non-stick coating comprises the following steps:
1. according to the atomic number ratio, Al: cu: fe: cr ═ 60-70: (15-25): (5-15): (5-15) melting the alloy raw materials into an alloy ingot;
2. atomizing to prepare powder: and preparing the quasicrystal powder by adopting powder preparation equipment in a vacuum or protective atmosphere environment.
3. Spheroidizing: and spheroidizing and screening the quasicrystal powder to obtain quasicrystal particles with the particle size of less than 150 micrometers.
4. Cleaning the surface of the body: cleaning and drying the surface of the body by adopting modes of alcohol, trichloroethylene or pure water, ultrasonic waves and the like, so that the surface of the body has no rust before plasma spraying, and then sanding treatment is carried out to coarsen the surface of the body.
5. Plasma spraying: spraying 1 layer of quasicrystal particles on the surface of the body by plasma spraying to form a quasicrystal coating, wherein the spraying power is 30-50 KW (such as 30KW, 32KW, 34KW, 36KW, 38KW, 40KW, 42KW, 44KW, 46KW, 48KW, 50KW and the like), the main gas flow is 50-60L/min (such as 50L/min, 52L/min, 54L/min, 56L/min, 58L/min, 60L/min and the like), the auxiliary gas flow is 20-30L/min (such as 20L/min, 22L/min, 24L/min, 26L/min, 28L/min, 30L/min and the like), and the powder delivery is 15-20 g/min (such as 15g/min, 16g/min, 17g/min, 18g/min, 19g/min, 20g/min, etc.).
6. Annealing: annealing the quasicrystal coating in an argon protective atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 600-800 ℃ (for example, the annealing temperature can be 600 ℃, 650 ℃, 700 ℃, 750 ℃ or 800 ℃, and the like), the heating rate is 20-30 ℃/min (such as 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 ℃/min), the heat preservation time is 1-3 hours (such as 1, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 hours), the cooling rate is 10-20 ℃/min (such as 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 ℃/min) to 300 ℃, and then furnace cooling is carried out to the room temperature to obtain the coating.
7. Polishing: the annealed coating is polished to a surface roughness Ra of less than 2 microns (e.g., 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 microns) to provide a smoother surface coating.
The thickness of the obtained quasicrystalline coating (i.e. the non-stick coating) was 20 microns.
Example 2
The preparation method of the non-stick coating is the same as that of example 1, except that in this example, 10 layers of quasicrystalline particles are sprayed on the surface of the body by plasma spraying. The thickness of the obtained quasicrystalline coating was 90 microns.
Example 3
The preparation method of the non-stick coating is the same as that of example 1, except that in this example, 30 layers of quasicrystalline particles are sprayed on the surface of the body by plasma spraying. The thickness of the obtained quasicrystalline coating was 300 microns.
Example 4
The preparation method of the non-stick coating is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the particle size of the quasicrystalline particles in the embodiment is 150-300 microns. The thickness of the obtained quasicrystalline coating was 200 microns.
Example 5
The preparation method of the non-stick coating is the same as that of example 1, except that in this example, plasma spraying is adopted to spray 50 layers of quasicrystalline particles on the surface of the body. The thickness of the obtained quasicrystalline coating was 600 microns.
Comparative example 1
The stainless steel body surface in this comparative example was not coated with a coating.
The performance test data for the non-stick coatings of examples 1-5 and comparative example 1 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Coating thickness (micrometer) | Thermal conductivity (W/mK) | Non-stickiness of fried egg | |
| Example 1 | 20 | 17 | Ⅱ |
| Example 2 | 90 | 11 | Ⅱ |
| Example 3 | 300 | 8 | Ⅰ |
| Example 4 | 200 | 10 | Ⅱ |
| Example 5 | 600 | 5 | Ⅱ |
| Comparative example 1 | Is free of | 18 | Ⅲ |
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. The non-stick coating is characterized in that the thermal conductivity of the non-stick coating is 0.1-3W/mK.
2. The non-stick coating of claim 1 including a quasicrystalline material therein.
3. The non-stick coating according to claim 2, characterized in that the content of the quasicrystalline material in the non-stick coating is 20 to 90 wt. -%, based on the total mass of the non-stick coating.
4. The non-stick coating of claim 2 wherein said quasicrystalline material in said non-stick coating is formed using quasicrystalline particles having a particle size of no greater than 150 microns.
5. The non-stick coating of claim 2 further comprising at least one of an organic fluororesin and a ceramic.
6. The non-stick coating of claim 2, characterized in that the surface roughness of the outer surface of the non-stick coating is greater than 0 and less than 2 microns.
7. The non-stick coating according to claim 2, characterized in that it has a porosity equal to or greater than 0.1% and equal to or less than 20%.
8. The non-stick coating of claim 2, wherein the non-stick coating has a thickness of 10 to 500 micrometers.
9. The non-stick coating of claim 2, characterized in that it comprises:
a first subcoat comprising a first quasicrystalline material therein;
a second subcoat disposed on an outer surface of the first subcoat and comprising a second quasicrystalline material;
wherein the first quasicrystal particles forming the first quasicrystal material have a larger particle size than the second quasicrystal particles forming the second quasicrystal material.
10. The non-stick coating of claim 9, wherein the first sub-coating and the second sub-coating each independently comprise a plurality of sub-layers.
11. The non-stick coating of claim 2 wherein the raw materials forming the quasicrystalline material comprise at least two of aluminum, iron, copper, chromium, titanium, nickel, and zirconium.
12. The non-stick coating of claim 11, wherein the raw materials forming the quasicrystalline material comprise atomic ratios (60-70): (15-25): (5-15): (5-15) aluminum, copper, iron and chromium.
13. A cookware, comprising:
a body;
the non-stick coating of any of claims 1-12 disposed on an interior surface of the body.
14. The cookware of claim 13 wherein the thermal conductivity of said non-stick coating between radii 1/3-2/3 of said cookware body bottom is lower than the thermal conductivity of said non-stick coating of the rest of said body bottom.
15. The cookware according to claim 13, wherein said body contains a quasicrystalline material.
16. The cookware according to claim 13, wherein the material forming said body comprises at least one of stainless steel, iron, carbon steel, aluminum and ceramic.
17. A cooking appliance comprising the pot according to any one of claims 13-16.
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| CN112337773A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2021-02-09 | 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 | Composite non-stick coating and preparation method thereof, cookware and cooking utensil |
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