CN110752642B - Battery protection circuit and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Battery protection circuit and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110752642B CN110752642B CN201911099397.3A CN201911099397A CN110752642B CN 110752642 B CN110752642 B CN 110752642B CN 201911099397 A CN201911099397 A CN 201911099397A CN 110752642 B CN110752642 B CN 110752642B
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003571 electronic cigarette Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
The disclosure provides a protection circuit of a battery and an electronic device. The protection circuit of the battery comprises a full power monitoring circuit, a first switch tube and an energy consumption element: the full-power monitoring circuit generates a full-power signal when the electric quantity of the battery reaches a full-power state; the first switching tube is triggered to be conducted according to the full electric signal generated by the full electric monitoring circuit; a first end of the first switching tube is connected with a first pole of the battery; the energy dissipation element is connected in series between the second end of the first switch tube and the second pole of the battery; when the first switching tube is turned on, the battery is discharged through the energy dissipation element. The safety of battery full power storage can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of electronic devices, and in particular, to a protection circuit for a battery and an electronic device.
Background
The long-term storage of the lithium ion battery in the full-charge state easily causes the problems of battery structure change, performance degradation and high explosiveness. Electronic devices on the market at present generally do not control the storage time of a battery in a full-power state, and only guide is added to a specification. However, if the user does not operate according to the instruction in the specification, the hidden danger caused by long-term storage of the battery in the full-power state still exists.
The above information disclosed in the background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the disclosure and therefore it may include information that does not form the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present disclosure to improve the safety of battery full-charge storage.
In order to solve the technical problems, the present disclosure adopts the following technical scheme:
according to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a protection circuit of a battery, a full power monitoring circuit connected with the battery to monitor a state of charge of the battery; when the electric quantity of the battery reaches a full-electricity state, the full-electricity monitoring circuit generates a full-electricity signal;
the controlled end of the first switching tube is connected with the full-power monitoring circuit so as to be triggered to be conducted according to the full-power signal; a first end of the first switching tube is connected with a first pole of the battery;
the energy dissipation element is connected in series between the second end of the first switch tube and the second pole of the battery; when the first switching tube is turned on, the battery is discharged through the energy dissipation element.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device including a battery and a protection circuit of the battery.
According to the technical scheme, the full-power monitoring circuit is used for monitoring the full-power state of the battery, and the first switch can be triggered to be conducted according to the full-power state of the battery so that the battery can be discharged through the energy consumption element, and the safety of long-term full-power storage of the battery can be improved by adjusting the electric quantity of the battery.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a circuit configuration block diagram of a protection circuit of a battery according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a circuit of a protection circuit of the battery corresponding to FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a circuit of the battery protection circuit corresponding to the PMOS of the first switch tube in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a circuit of the protection circuit of the battery corresponding to the NMOS of the first switch tube in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a protection circuit for a battery corresponding to the PNP triode as the first switch tube in FIG. 2;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a circuit of the protection circuit of the battery corresponding to the NPN transistor in the first switch tube of fig. 2;
fig. 7 is a circuit configuration block diagram of a protection circuit of a battery according to another exemplary embodiment.
10. A battery; 20. a full power monitoring circuit; 21. a first voltage dividing unit; r1, a first resistor; r2, a second resistor; 22. a second voltage dividing unit; 23. a control circuit; 24. a full power detection circuit; 30. a first switching tube; 40. and energy consumption elements.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments may be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus a repetitive description thereof will be omitted.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the aspects of the disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, devices, steps, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, methods, devices, implementations, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the disclosure.
In the present disclosure, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may communicate with each other; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the terms in this disclosure will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present disclosure, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless explicitly specified otherwise.
Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are further elaborated below in conjunction with the drawings of the present specification.
The present disclosure proposes an electronic device comprising, but not limited to, means arranged to receive/transmit communication signals via a wireline connection, such as via a public-switched telephone network (public switched telephone network, PSTN), a digital subscriber line (digital subscriber line, DSL), a digital cable, a direct cable connection, and/or another data connection/network and/or via a wireless interface for example, a cellular network, a wireless local area network (wireless local area network, WLAN), a digital television network such as a digital video broadcasting-handheld (digital video broadcasting handheld, DVB-H) network, a satellite network, an amplitude-modulation-frequency modulation (amplitude demodulation-frequency modulation, AM-FM) broadcast transmitter, and/or another communication terminal. A communication terminal configured to communicate via a wireless interface may be referred to as a "wireless communication terminal," wireless terminal, "and/or" smart terminal. Examples of smart terminals include, but are not limited to, satellites or cellular telephones; a personal communications system (personal communication system, PCS) terminal that may combine a cellular radiotelephone with data processing, facsimile and data communications capabilities; personal digital assistants (Personal Digital Assistant, PDA) that may include a radiotelephone, pager, internet/intranet access, web browser, organizer, calendar, and/or a global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS) receiver; and conventional laptop and/or palmtop receivers or other electronic devices that include a radiotelephone transceiver. In addition, the electronic device may also include, but is not limited to, electronic devices such as electronic book readers, smart wearable devices, mobile power sources (e.g., charger, travel charger), electronic cigarettes, wireless mice, wireless keyboards, wireless headphones, bluetooth speakers, and the like.
Illustratively, the electronic device may include a rear housing, a display screen, a circuit board, and a battery. Note that the electronic device is not limited to include the above. Wherein the rear housing may form an outer contour of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the rear housing may be a metal rear housing, such as a metal of magnesium alloy, stainless steel, or the like. It should be noted that the material of the rear case of the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto, and other manners may be adopted, for example: the rear shell can be a plastic rear shell, a ceramic rear shell, a glass rear shell and the like.
The electronic device includes a charging circuit. The charging circuit may charge a battery cell of the electronic device. The charging circuit may be used to further adjust the charging voltage and/or charging current input from the adapter to meet the charging requirements of the battery.
The present disclosure proposes a protection circuit for a battery for long-term storage of the battery in a full-charge state to provide safety protection. Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of a battery protection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment; in one embodiment, the protection circuit of the battery 10 includes a full power monitoring circuit 20, a first switching tube 30, and a power dissipation element 40. The full power monitoring circuit 20 is connected with the battery 10, and the full power monitoring circuit 20 is connected with the battery 10 to monitor the state of charge of the battery 10; when the charge level of the battery 10 reaches the full charge state, the full charge monitoring circuit 20 generates a full charge signal. The controlled end of the first switching tube 30 is connected with the full power monitoring circuit 20 so as to be triggered and conducted according to the full power signal generated by the full power monitoring circuit 20; a first end of the first switching tube 30 is connected to a first pole of the battery 10; the energy dissipation element 40 is connected in series between the second end of the first switching tube 30 and the second pole of the battery 10; when the first switching tube 30 is turned on, the battery 10 is discharged through the energy consuming element 40.
In this embodiment, the full power monitoring circuit 20 is able to detect the full power state of the battery 10. There are at least two occurrence scenarios for the full power state. First, the battery 10 is stored after being fully charged, and the reduction of the power of the battery 10 is only caused by weak leakage current in the battery 10; it will be appreciated that after a long period of storage of the battery 10, the battery 10 charge may decay to some extent. Secondly, the electronic device is continuously connected with a charger, so that the discharging and charging processes of the battery 10 are simultaneously carried out along with the use of the electronic device, and the battery 10 is kept in a full-charge state; in this process, there is a certain fluctuation in the remaining capacity of the battery 10.
And thus to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of monitoring the full state of the battery 10. The full-charge criterion may be set as a criterion for determining whether the battery 10 is in the full-charge state.
In one example, by monitoring the remaining charge of the battery 10; when the remaining capacity of the battery 10 satisfies a preset full-charge criterion, it is determined that the battery 10 reaches a full-charge state. The predetermined full power criterion may be a predetermined full power quantity.
For example, the preset full charge may be 3800mAh corresponding to the battery 10 having a capacity of 4000 mAh. Therefore, the remaining power of the battery 10 is 3800mAh to 4000mAh, and the battery is in a full power state.
In another example, it is also possible to monitor the voltage of the battery 10 by the battery 10 to determine whether the battery 10 is in a full state; when the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the battery 10 and the preset charge cutoff voltage is less than or equal to the first preset difference, it is determined that the battery 10 reaches the full-charge state.
In this embodiment, the voltage of the battery 10 may be monitored by an electricity meter on the protective plate of the battery 10. The preset charge cutoff voltage may be understood as the voltage of the battery 10 after the battery 10 is stabilized in full charge. In the present embodiment, a certain difference is allowed between the voltage of the battery 10 and the preset charge cutoff voltage, so that the situation that the existence of leakage current of the battery 10, the attenuation of the performance of the battery 10 and the like affect the identification of the full-charge state of the battery 10 is avoided.
In an embodiment, it may be provided that the first switching tube 30 is directly triggered to be turned on by the full electrical signal when the full electrical signal is generated, thereby forming a passive protection for the long-term electrical storage of the battery 10. Specifically, please refer to fig. 2. The full power monitoring circuit 20 comprises a voltage dividing circuit, wherein the voltage dividing circuit comprises a first voltage dividing unit 21 and a second voltage dividing unit 22 which are sequentially connected in series; a first end of the first voltage division unit 21 is connected with a first pole of the battery 10, a second end of the first voltage division unit 21 is used for outputting a full electric signal and is connected with a first end of the second voltage division unit 22, and a second end of the second voltage division unit 22 is connected with a second pole of the battery 10; the second end of the first voltage dividing unit 21 is connected with the controlled end of the first switching tube 30; when the battery 10 reaches the full-charge state, the voltage of the full-charge signal output by the second end of the first voltage dividing unit 21 triggers the first switching tube 30 to be turned on, so that the battery 10 is discharged through the energy dissipation element 40.
The first voltage dividing unit 21 may include one or more voltage dividing resistors sequentially connected by series. At this time, the first end and the second end of the first voltage dividing unit 21 are two ends of the series connection of the voltage dividing resistors. Likewise, the second voltage dividing unit 22 may include one or more voltage dividing resistors sequentially connected in series; at this time, the first end and the second end of the second voltage dividing unit 22 are two ends of the series connection of the voltage dividing resistors. In an example, the first voltage dividing unit 21 includes a first resistor R1, and the second voltage dividing unit 22 includes a second resistor R2.
It will be appreciated that when the battery 10 is charged, the voltage across the first voltage dividing unit 21 and the voltage across the second voltage dividing unit 22 are both varied; when the battery 10 reaches the full state, the voltage at the second end of the first voltage dividing unit 21 reaches a voltage value capable of enabling the first switching tube 30 to be turned on, and the voltage signal is the full electric signal.
In the above embodiment, the protection circuit of the battery 10 is a passive protection circuit, that is, when the battery 10 reaches the full state, the first switch tube 30 is automatically triggered to be turned on, so as to discharge the battery 10. The user does not have to control intentionally to ensure the safety of the storage of the battery 10, as well as the performance and life of the battery 10.
Further, in order to ensure the safety of the full-charge storage of the battery 10 and to ensure that the battery 10 is not excessively discharged as much as possible, the use of the user is not affected. In one embodiment, the battery 10 has a predetermined first safe storage voltage; when the voltage of the battery 10 is less than or equal to the preset first safe storage voltage, the voltage output by the second end of the first voltage dividing unit 21 can trigger the first switching tube 30 to be turned off.
The preset first safe storage voltage is the highest voltage that the battery 10 can safely store for a long period of time, and when the battery 10 voltage is lower than the preset first safe storage voltage, it can be safely stored for a longer period of time.
It will be appreciated that in this embodiment, by adjusting the resistances of the first voltage dividing unit 21 and the second voltage dividing unit 22, it is possible to realize that when the voltage of the battery 10 drops to the safety voltage from the full-power voltage corresponding to the full-power state, the voltage output from the second terminal of the first voltage dividing unit 21 is insufficient to maintain the on state of the first switching tube 30, thereby turning off the first switching tube 30. At this time, the battery 10 still has a large amount of electricity, so that the next use of the user is not affected.
In addition, the first switch tube 30 is automatically triggered to be turned off before the voltage of the battery 10 drops to zero, so that the over-discharge condition of the battery 10 is avoided, and the performance and the service life of the battery 10 are effectively protected.
In an embodiment, the first switching tube 30 is a MOS tube, and the MOS tube is divided into a PMOS tube and an NMPS tube. Referring to fig. 3, when the MOS transistor is a PMOS transistor, the controlled end is a gate of the MOS transistor, the first end is a source of the PMOS transistor, and the second end is a drain of the MOS transistor. The first pole of the battery 10 is positive, and the second pole of the battery 10 is negative;
here, the first voltage dividing unit 21 is exemplified as the first resistor R1, and the second voltage dividing unit 22 is exemplified as the second resistor R2. The first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are gate voltage dividing resistors of the first switching tube 30, and when the voltage vgs=vg-vs= -1×vbattry×r1/(r1+r2) between the gate and the source of the first switching tube 30 is smaller than the turn-on voltage Vop of the first switching tube 30, the first switching tube 30 is turned on; where Vbattery is the battery 10 voltage; when vgs=vg-vs= -1×vbattery×r1/(r1+r2) is greater than the on-voltage of the first switching tube 30, the first switching tube 30 is turned off.
It can be seen that, by setting the resistances of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, the voltage division across the first resistor R1 can make the first switching tube 30 conductive when the battery 10 voltage reaches the full power voltage corresponding to the full power state, and can make the voltage division across the first resistor R1 smaller than the on threshold voltage of the first switching tube 30 but the first switching tube 30 is turned off when the battery 10 voltage drops to the preset safe storage voltage.
In another example, referring to fig. 4, when the MOS transistor is an NMOS transistor, the controlled end is a gate of the MOS transistor, the first end is a source of the PMOS transistor, and the second end is a drain of the MOS transistor. The first pole of the battery 10 is the negative pole and the second pole of the battery 10 is the positive pole. The voltage drop across the second resistor R2 provides the turn-on voltage for the first switching tube 30.
When the voltage vgs=vg-vs=1×vbattery×r2/(r1+r2) between the gate and the source of the first switching tube 30 is greater than the turn-on voltage of the first switching tube 30, the first switching tube 30 is turned on; where Vbattery is the battery 10 voltage; when vgs=vg-vs=1×vbattery×r2/(r1+r2) is smaller than the on voltage of the first switching tube 30, the first switching tube 30 is turned off.
It can be seen that, by setting the resistances of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, the voltage division across the second resistor R2 can make the first switching tube 30 conductive when the battery 10 voltage reaches the full power voltage corresponding to the full power state, and can make the voltage division across the second resistor R2 smaller than the conductive threshold voltage of the first switching tube 30 when the battery 10 voltage drops to the preset safe storage voltage.
In another embodiment, the first switching transistor 30 is a triode, which is divided into a PNP triode and an NPN triode. Referring to fig. 5, when the MOS transistor is a PNP transistor, the controlled end is a base of the transistor, the first end is a collector of the PNP transistor, and the second end is an emitter of the PNP transistor; the first pole of the battery 10 is the negative pole and the second pole of the battery 10 is the positive pole. The voltage drop across the second resistor R2 provides the turn-on voltage for the first switching tube 30.
When the voltage vbe=vb-ve=1×vbattery×r2/(r1+r2) between the gate and the source of the first switching tube 30 is greater than the on voltage of the first switching tube 30, the first switching tube 30 is turned on; where Vbattery is the battery 10 voltage; when vbe=vb-ve=1×vbattery×r2/(r1+r2) is smaller than the on voltage of the first switching tube 30, the first switching tube 30 is turned off.
It can be seen that, by setting the resistances of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, the voltage division across the second resistor R2 can make the first switching tube 30 conductive when the battery 10 voltage reaches the full power voltage corresponding to the full power state, and can make the voltage division across the second resistor R2 smaller than the conductive threshold voltage of the first switching tube 30 when the battery 10 voltage drops to the preset safe storage voltage.
In another example, please refer to fig. 6. When the MOS transistor is an NPN triode, the controlled end is the base electrode of the triode, the first end is the collector electrode of the PNP triode, and the second end is the emitter electrode of the PNP triode; the first pole of the battery 10 is positive and the second pole of the battery 10 is negative. The voltage drop across the first resistor R1 provides the turn-on voltage for the first switching tube 30.
When the voltage vbe=vb-ve= -1×vbattery×r1/(r1+r2) between the gate and the source of the first switching transistor 30 is smaller than the on voltage Vop of the first switching transistor 30, the first switching transistor 30 is turned on; where Vbattery is the battery 10 voltage; when vbe=vb-ve= -1×vbattery×r1/(r1+r2) is greater than the on voltage of the first switching tube 30, the first switching tube 30 is turned off.
It can be seen that by setting the resistances of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, the voltage division across the first resistor R1 can make the first switching tube 30 conductive when the battery 10 voltage reaches the full power voltage corresponding to the full power state, and the voltage division across the first resistor R1 can be made smaller than the on threshold voltage of the first switching tube 30 when the battery 10 voltage drops to the preset safe storage voltage.
Further, in the present disclosure, the energy dissipation element 40 may be a resistor, or may be a light emitting diode with high power, a speaker, or the like. And are not limited herein. It will be appreciated that by setting the resistance of the energy dissipating element 40, the discharge rate of the battery 10 may be adjusted.
To improve the protection effectiveness of a battery 10 protection circuit for a battery 10. In one embodiment, the battery 10 has a preset full charge storage first reference period; by setting the power consumption of the energy consumption element 40, the voltage of the battery 10 is reduced to or below the preset first safe storage voltage within the time period range matching the preset full-power storage first reference time period.
The preset first reference time period for storing the full power of the battery 10 is a time period for storing the full power of the battery 10, and shorter than the time period does not cause obvious problems.
In one embodiment, the duration of the battery 10 discharging from full power voltage to the preset safe deposit voltage is less than or equal to the preset full power deposit first reference duration, i.e., matches the preset full power deposit first reference duration. In another embodiment, a scaling factor may be further set for multiplying the preset first reference time period for full power storage, where the time period after multiplying the preset first reference time period for full power storage is greater than the time period for discharging the battery 10 from the full power voltage to the preset safe storage voltage.
Illustratively, the first switching tube 30 is a PNP type MOS tube. The full charge voltage of the battery 10 is 5V, the capacity is 10000mAh, the first preset reference time is 30 days, the preset safe storage voltage is less than 4.5V (the residual capacity is 8000mAh at this time), the opening voltage of the first switching tube 30 is-2V, the resistance of the first discharging unit is R1, the resistance of the second discharging unit is R2, and the resistance of the energy dissipation element 40 is R3. R1=4.8mr, r2=6mr, r3=833R are set.
After the user fully charges the electronic device, the voltage of the battery 10 reaches 5V, the capacity reaches 10000mAh, at this time, the voltage division on the first resistor R1 is-1×vbattery×r1/(r1+r2) = -2.22V, which is smaller than the turn-on voltage of the first switching tube 30, and the first switching tube 30 is turned on. The current through R3 is: ids=vbattery/r3≡6mA. When the voltage drops to a preset safe storage voltage of 4.5V (the remaining capacity is 8000mAh at this time), vgs= -1×4.5V/(r1+r2) ×r1= -2V, which is larger than the opening voltage of the first switching tube 30. The first switching tube 30 is closed, current no longer leaks through the first switching tube 30, and the battery 10 is in a non-full state for long-term storage. The battery 10 is reduced from full-current voltage to a preset first safe storage voltage after a time t approximately 2000 mAh/6ma=13.9 <30 days.
When the voltage drops to 4.5V, the leakage path of the protection circuit is closed, and the resistance values of the first discharge cell and the second discharge cell are large, so that the energy loss of the battery 10 becomes very small. The next time the user uses the electronic device, there is still 70% + of power in the battery 10 for the user to use.
In this embodiment, the preset full-power storage first reference time period is set to limit the resistance value of the energy-consuming element 40, so that the voltage of the battery 10 is effectively ensured to drop to the preset first safe storage voltage within the safe time period range, and the effectiveness of protecting the battery 10 is ensured.
In another embodiment, the battery 10 can be more flexibly protected from full power storage. Please refer to fig. 7. Specifically, the full power monitoring circuit 20 includes a full power detection circuit 24 and a control circuit 23, and the control circuit 23 is connected between the full power detection circuit 24 and the controlled end of the first switching tube 30; when the battery 10 is in the full-charge state, the full-charge detection circuit 24 outputs a full-charge signal to the control circuit 23, and the control circuit 23 controls the first switching tube 30 to be turned on according to the full-charge signal.
In this embodiment, the full power detection circuit 24 may be a power detection circuit, or may be a battery 10 voltage detection circuit. Specifically, the full power detection circuit 24 includes a voltage detection circuit for detecting the voltage of the battery 10. Of course, the battery 10 protection plate of the battery 10 may also be used to detect the charge and voltage of the battery 10.
The control circuit 23 may be an MCU here, or may be a main control chip of an electronic device in which the battery 10 is located.
Further, since the battery 10 is highly safe in a case of being stored in a full state for a short time, the loss of the electric quantity of the battery 10 is further reduced in order to ensure the safe storage of the battery 10. In this embodiment, after the control circuit 23 is set to continuously receive the full signal for a first preset period of time, the first switching tube 30 is controlled to be turned on; wherein, the battery 10 has a preset full-power storage second reference duration and a preset full-power duration proportionality coefficient; the product of the preset full-charge storage second reference time period and the preset full-charge duration proportional coefficient of the battery 10 is a first product, and the first preset time period is smaller than or equal to the first product.
The preset full-charge storage second reference time length is stored in the storage unit of the electronic device in advance, and the processor of the electronic device obtains the preset reference time length of full-charge storage of the battery 10 by reading information in the storage unit.
The second reference time period for storing the battery 10 in the full power state may be given by the battery 10 manufacturer or may be obtained by testing the battery 10 by the electronic equipment manufacturer. The preset full-charge storage second reference period of time of the battery 10 is a period of time during which the battery 10 can store full power, and shorter than this period of time does not cause a significant problem.
In the present embodiment, the duration for which the battery 10 continues to satisfy the full-power state can be monitored by setting a timer to record from the start time of the battery 10 in the full-power state.
The predetermined full power duration scaling factor may be a fixed value less than 1. Illustratively, the scale factor of the duration of the battery 10 is set to 0.5, and the preset reference duration for full battery 10 storage is 30 days. The first product is 15 days. The difference between the duration of the full state of the battery 10 and the first product may then be monitored in real time. Once the battery 10 full state continues for longer than 15 days, the battery 10 full storage risk intervention program can be executed.
In another embodiment, the preset duration of the battery 10 is variable and is correspondingly changed following the aging condition of the battery 10, or the ambient temperature of the battery 10, or both the aging condition of the battery 10 and the ambient temperature of the battery 10.
In this embodiment, the aging condition of the battery 10 can be evaluated by the charge duration of the battery 10 in one charge cycle, the cutoff voltage of the charge, and the like. Specifically, an evaluation formula may be preset. The aging condition evaluation can be performed by acquiring the charging duration in the charging period and bringing the charged cut-off voltage into an evaluation formula.
Aging of the battery 10 may also be manifested by the number of cycles of the battery 10. For example, the number of cycle times of the battery 10 may be divided into a plurality of gear steps. Each gear corresponds to a different ageing condition. Thus, by obtaining the current number of cycles, the current aging condition of the battery 10 can be determined.
In this embodiment, the proportional relationship of the aging state of the battery 10 and the preset full-power duration proportional coefficient may be set. The relationship may be a curve or a table. The specific trend is that the more severe the degree of aging of the battery 10, the smaller the preset full-charge duration proportionality coefficient.
According to the aging state of the battery 10, the proportionality coefficient of the preset full-power duration is flexibly set, so that the time for executing the risk intervention item for full-power storage of the battery 10 is flexibly adjusted, and the execution of the risk intervention item for full-power storage of the battery 10 can give consideration to the aging state of the battery 10. The present embodiment thus improves the effectiveness of management of the full charge storage of the aged battery 10 and improves the safety of the operation of the aged battery 10 within the electronic device.
In this embodiment, the ambient temperature may be detected by a temperature detecting element. When the battery 10 is disposed inside the electronic device case, the temperature detecting element detects the temperature inside the electronic device at this time.
In this embodiment, the proportional relationship of the ambient temperature at which the battery 10 is located and the preset full-power duration proportional coefficient may be set. The relationship may be a curve or a table. The specific trend is that the higher the ambient temperature at which the battery 10 is located, the smaller the preset full power duration scaling factor.
According to the environmental temperature of the battery 10, the proportionality coefficient of the preset full-power duration is flexibly set, so that the time for executing the risk intervention item of the full-power storage of the battery 10 is flexibly adjusted, and the execution of the risk intervention item of the full-power storage of the battery 10 can be considered at the environmental temperature of the battery 10. Therefore, the present embodiment reduces the occurrence probability of the risk of the battery 10 being fully charged due to the triggering of the battery 10 by the ambient temperature, improves the effectiveness of the management of the storage of the battery 10 in the fully charged state, and improves the safety of the operation of the aged battery 10 in the electronic device.
Further, the battery 10 has a preset second safe storage voltage; when the voltage of the battery 10 is less than or equal to the preset second safe storage voltage, the control circuit 23 controls the first switching tube 30 to be turned off.
The preset second safe storage voltage is the highest voltage that the battery 10 can safely store for a long period of time, and when the battery 10 voltage is lower than the preset second safe storage voltage, it can be safely stored for a longer period of time. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as the energy dissipation element 40 discharges the battery 10, the voltage stops discharging the second safe storage voltage, so that the battery 10 still has more electric quantity, and the next use of the user is not affected.
According to the technical scheme, the full-power monitoring circuit 20 is used for monitoring the full-power state of the battery 10, and the first switch can be triggered to be turned on according to the full-power state of the battery 10 so that the battery 10 can be discharged through the energy consumption element 40, and the safety of storage of the battery 10 can be improved by adjusting the electric quantity of the battery 10.
While the present disclosure has been described with reference to several exemplary embodiments, it is understood that the terminology used is intended to be in the nature of words of description and illustration rather than of limitation. As the present disclosure may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalences of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A protection circuit for a battery, comprising:
the full power monitoring circuit is connected with the battery to monitor the state of charge of the battery; when the electric quantity of the battery reaches a full-electricity state, the full-electricity monitoring circuit generates a full-electricity signal;
the controlled end of the first switching tube is connected with the full-power monitoring circuit so as to be triggered to be conducted according to the full-power signal; a first end of the first switching tube is connected with a first pole of the battery;
the energy dissipation element is connected in series between the second end of the first switch tube and the second pole of the battery; when the first switching tube is conducted, the battery discharges through the energy dissipation element;
the battery has a preset first reference time length for full-power storage, and has a preset first safe storage voltage; the full power monitoring circuit comprises a voltage dividing circuit, wherein the voltage dividing circuit comprises a first voltage dividing unit and a second voltage dividing unit which are sequentially connected in series, a first end of the first voltage dividing unit is connected with a first pole of a battery, a second end of the first voltage dividing unit is used for outputting the full electric signal and is connected with a first end of the second voltage dividing unit, and a second end of the second voltage dividing unit is connected with a second pole of the battery; the second end of the first voltage dividing unit is connected with the controlled end of the first switching tube; the resistance values of the first voltage dividing unit and the second voltage dividing unit are larger than the resistance value of the energy consumption element;
the power consumption of the energy consumption element is set, and the voltage of the battery is reduced to be lower than a preset first safe storage voltage or a preset first safe storage voltage within a time length range matched with the preset full-power storage first reference time length;
the duration range matched with the preset full power storage first reference duration comprises:
the duration of the battery from full-power voltage discharge to the preset safe storage voltage is less than or equal to the preset full-power storage first reference duration; or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
and multiplying the preset full-charge storage first reference time length by a proportionality coefficient to be longer than the time length of discharging the battery from the full-charge voltage to the preset safe storage voltage.
2. The battery protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein,
when the battery reaches the full-power state, the voltage of the full-power signal output by the second end of the first voltage dividing unit triggers the first switching tube to be conducted so that the battery discharges through the energy consumption element.
3. The battery protection circuit according to claim 2, wherein when the voltage of the battery is less than or equal to the preset first safe storage voltage, the voltage output from the second end of the first voltage dividing unit can trigger the first switching tube to be turned off.
4. The battery protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first switching tube is a MOS tube, the controlled end is a gate of the MOS tube, the first end is a source of the MOS tube, and the second end is a drain of the MOS tube;
when the MOS tube is a PMOS tube, the first electrode of the battery is positive, and the second electrode of the battery is negative;
when the MOS tube is an NMOS tube, the first electrode of the battery is a negative electrode, and the second electrode of the battery is a positive electrode.
5. A battery protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first switching transistor is a triode, the controlled terminal is a base of the triode, the first terminal is a collector of the triode, and the second terminal is an emitter of the triode;
when the triode is a PNP triode, the first pole of the battery is a cathode, and the second pole of the battery is an anode;
when the triode is an NPN triode, the first pole of the battery is positive, and the second pole of the battery is negative.
6. The battery protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the full power monitoring circuit comprises a full power detection circuit and a control circuit connected between the full power detection circuit and the controlled end of the first switching tube;
when the battery is in a full-charge state, the full-charge detection circuit outputs the full-charge signal to the control circuit, and the control circuit controls the first switching tube to be conducted according to the full-charge signal.
7. The battery protection circuit of claim 6, wherein the control circuit controls the first switching tube to conduct after the full electrical signal is continuously received for a first preset period of time;
the battery is provided with a preset full-power storage second reference time length and a preset full-power duration proportionality coefficient; the product of the second reference time length of full power storage preset by the battery and the proportionality coefficient of the preset full power duration is a first product;
the first preset duration is less than or equal to the first product.
8. The battery protection circuit according to claim 7, wherein the preset full-charge duration scaling factor is set according to a degree of aging of the battery, and/or the preset full-charge duration scaling factor is set according to an ambient temperature in which the battery is located.
9. The battery protection circuit of claim 7, wherein the battery has a preset second safe storage voltage; when the voltage of the battery is smaller than or equal to the preset second safe storage voltage, the control circuit controls the first switch tube to be turned off.
10. The battery protection circuit according to claim 6, wherein the full-power detection circuit includes a voltage detection circuit for detecting a voltage of the battery.
11. An electronic device comprising a battery and a protection circuit for the battery according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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| CN201911099397.3A CN110752642B (en) | 2019-11-12 | 2019-11-12 | Battery protection circuit and electronic equipment |
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| CN201911099397.3A CN110752642B (en) | 2019-11-12 | 2019-11-12 | Battery protection circuit and electronic equipment |
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| CN110752642A CN110752642A (en) | 2020-02-04 |
| CN110752642B true CN110752642B (en) | 2023-10-20 |
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| CN112491114A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-12 | 深圳市中孚能电气设备有限公司 | Lithium battery charger and lithium battery charging control method |
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