CN110749624A - Solute transport test device and method capable of adjusting filling fracture inclination angle - Google Patents
Solute transport test device and method capable of adjusting filling fracture inclination angle Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solute transport test device and method capable of adjusting the inclination angle of a filling fracture; the system comprises a water inlet system, a fracture model, a water outlet system, a monitoring system and an angle adjusting system. The invention adopts a test platform with adjustable inclination angle; according to the invention, a commonly used Ag/AgCl electrode for natural potential monitoring is replaced by a copper rod electrode with the diameter of 2mm, a reference electrode arranged in a fracture model is adjusted into a water inlet buffer tank, and six measuring electrodes are sequentially arranged in the fracture model at intervals of 150 mm; the six measuring electrodes and the reference electrode are connected with a data acquisition instrument through leads, and the data acquisition instrument transmits and stores acquired data to a computer. The natural potential method is adopted, the traditional sampling test is combined, the water flow speed is adjusted by changing the water head difference between the upstream and the downstream of the filling fracture, the solute migration test of the filling fracture is carried out, the solute migration process in the filling fracture is monitored according to the response characteristic of the natural potential, the monitoring precision is improved, and the practicability and the operability of field monitoring are further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water source identification, in particular to a solute transport test device and method capable of adjusting a filling fracture inclination angle.
Background
Along with the continuous deepening of human activities to the underground, bedrock fracture water is increasingly seriously polluted, so that people pay attention to the bedrock fracture water, and the law of solute migration in the bedrock fracture water becomes a research hotspot of current underground water science. Natural rock fractures are often filled with unconsolidated loose materials, so that fracture-filling water flow and solute transport characteristics are different from those of non-filled fractures and also different from those of porous media.
In the past, people have focused on the characteristics of non-filled fracture water flow and solute migration, and in recent years, the filled fracture water flow and solute migration also attract people's interest. The water flow characteristics of filled fractures are also researched in the prior art, and the permeability of the filled fractures can still be quantitatively described by using the cubic law, so that the permeability is not only limited by the opening degree of the fractures and the porosity of fillers, but also is closely related to the material composition of a filling medium. In addition, the following results have been found in the prior art: (1) compared with the ADE model and the ADE-R model, the fitting effect of the MIM model is better for the filling fracture solute migration penetration curve; (2) the arrival time of the concentration peak value of the filled single-tube fracture model is faster than that of the double-tube fracture model, the peak concentration is also higher than that of the double-tube fracture model, the double-tube fracture model has two concentration peak values, and the longer the branch fracture is, the faster the arrival time of the first concentration peak value is; (3) simulating solute transport in the inhomogeneous filling crack, wherein the result shows that the heterogeneity of the filling medium not only causes the generation of a heterogeneous velocity field, but also causes the early and trailing phenomena of the BTCs; (4) research is carried out on solute transport in a filling fracture-matrix system under two different flow conditions, and the system is most sensitive to dispersion, insensitive to flow/fixed ratio and least sensitive to the first-order mass transfer rate in a radial flow model when the radial dispersion and injection rate are kept unchanged. (5) The existing natural potential method mostly adopts an Ag/AgCl electrode, the whole electrode is made of glass materials and contains solution, the electrode is mostly suitable for cracks with larger gap width, the cracks with smaller gap width have limitation, the electrode is easy to be exposed and decomposed, the electrode is not suitable for being retained in the air for a long time, and the storage is not easy. (6) The existing fracture model can only simulate the solute transport test in the horizontal direction, has application limitation and cannot simulate the solute transport test in the non-horizontal direction.
The research result of the solute migration test of the filling fracture mostly adopts means of sampling to test the concentration of the solute, drawing a penetration curve and the like, and the solute migration process in the filling fracture cannot be finely described because only one sampling point is provided. In recent years, due to the obvious advantages of the natural potential method in the aspects of researching underground water flow, heat transfer and mass transfer and the like, the method is successfully applied to the estimation of the permeability coefficient of the underground water-containing medium, the estimation of heat transfer and the estimation of the solute transfer parameter of the porous medium.
Based on the above, at present, a solute migration test device and a solute migration test method capable of adjusting the inclination angle of the filling fracture are urgently needed, a solute migration test under the conditions of different flow rates in a small fracture width can be carried out, real-time dynamic monitoring data of different measuring points SP are combined, and the solute migration process in the filling fracture is described in detail.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a solute migration test device and a solute migration test method capable of adjusting the inclination angle of a filling fracture, which can be used for carrying out solute migration tests under different flow speed conditions in a small fracture width, and can be used for combining real-time dynamic monitoring data of different measuring points SP and describing the solute migration process in the filling fracture in detail.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a solute transport test device capable of adjusting an inclination angle of a filling fracture comprises a base, a water inlet system, a fracture model, a water outlet system, a monitoring system and an angle adjusting system;
the water inlet system comprises a constant-pressure water inlet tank and a water inlet buffer tank;
the water outlet system comprises a constant-pressure water outlet tank and a water outlet buffer tank;
the bottom parts of two ends of the fracture model are respectively provided with a solute injection port and a sampling port, and the fracture model is injected with NaCl solution with known concentration through a solute main inlet;
the monitoring system comprises electrodes, a DT85G data acquisition instrument and a computer, wherein the electrodes comprise a reference electrode and six measuring electrodes;
one end of the fracture model, which is close to the solute injection port, is sequentially connected with a water inlet buffer tank and a constant-pressure water inlet tank through a guide pipe; one end of the fracture model, which is close to the sampling port, is sequentially connected with a water outlet buffer tank and a constant-pressure water outlet tank through a guide pipe; the reference electrode is arranged in the water inlet buffer tank, and the six measuring electrodes are sequentially arranged in the fracture model at intervals of 150 mm; the six measuring electrodes and the reference electrode are connected with a DT85G data acquisition instrument through leads, and the DT85G data acquisition instrument transmits and stores acquired data to a computer;
the angle adjusting system comprises a carrying plate, an upper fixing device, a lower fixing device, a sawtooth-shaped screw and a protractor, and is arranged on the carrying plate at the lower end of the fracture model, two ends of the fracture model are limited on the carrying plate through the upper fixing device and the lower fixing device respectively, one end of the carrying plate is connected to one end of the base through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the carrying plate is positioned and fixed through the sawtooth-shaped screw; a triangular stable structure is formed among the carrying plate, the sawtooth-shaped screw rods and the base; and an angle measuring ruler is arranged at the axis of the rotating shaft.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fracture model size is: the length is 1200mm, the width is 200mm, the gap width is 5mm, and the gap width can be adjusted according to the requirement of the test; six measuring electrodes at equal intervals in the fracture model are marked as a 1# measuring electrode, a 2# measuring electrode, a 3# measuring electrode, a 4# measuring electrode, a 5# measuring electrode and a 6# measuring electrode, and the 1# measuring electrode is arranged at a position 100mm away from a solute injection port.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrode is a copper rod having a diameter of 2 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fracture model is filled with river sand.
As one of the preferable modes of the invention, the zigzag screw can adjust the relative positions on the carrying plate and the base according to requirements.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the angle square is parallel to the base.
The invention also discloses a natural potential-based filling fracture solute migration test method, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, water flow test: adjusting the angle of a test fracture, filling the fracture model by using a prepared sand sample, adjusting upstream and downstream water tanks, and adjusting the water flow speed by changing the difference between upstream and downstream water levels; during the test, the flow is measured at the water outlet by adopting a volume method, the average flow velocity of the water flow is calculated, and a crack filling water flow test with the average flow velocity of 0.202-2.652 mm/s is carried out;
s2, solute transport test: selecting the average flow velocity u of water flow as 0.247mm/s, 0.431mm/s and 0.661mm/s, and carrying out a solute migration test of filling cracks; in the test process, after solute is injected, sampling is carried out at a sampling port immediately, the conductivity of the sample is tested by adopting a conductivity meter (DDS-307), the concentration of a NaCl solution is calculated, and a penetration curve (BTC) is drawn;
s3, natural potential monitoring: arranging a reference electrode in a water inlet buffer tank, arranging a measuring electrode in a crack filling model, and dynamically acquiring natural potential response data in the solute migration test process by using a monitoring system, wherein the acquisition frequency is 5 s/time; the water used for the test is tap water in a laboratory, and the room temperature is basically stabilized at 25 ℃ in the test process.
As one preferable aspect of the present invention, in step S2: before a solute migration test starts, keeping the water flow in a fracture model system stable, and firstly performing a tracer migration pre-test to determine initial and final arrival times of a solute as a sampling and monitoring time interval basis; between two consecutive solute transport tests, the filling fracture was flushed with test water for a sufficient time until the measured NaCl concentration was below the detection limit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: through the angle adjusting system, the fracture model can simulate the solute transport test in the horizontal direction and can simulate the solute transport test in the non-horizontal (inclined angle) direction, and the application range is wide. The invention is provided with the reference electrode, thereby improving the accuracy of the test experiment result of the device. The invention adopts a natural potential method, combines the traditional sampling test, adjusts the water flow speed by changing the water head difference between the upstream and the downstream of the filling fracture, develops the solute migration test of the filling fracture, and discusses the solute migration process in the filling fracture according to the response characteristic of the natural potential. In the range of the test flow speed, the water flow conforms to Darcy's law. When the flow velocity u is the same, the natural potential response peak value is increased along with the solute transport distance in a logarithmic function; as the flow velocity u increases, the solute transport arrival time and the peak arrival time at the same electrode decrease, and both the solute peak concentration and the absolute value of the peak natural potential increase. The calculated flow rate values using the peak solute concentration and the peak SP are substantially the same, but the calculated flow rate value for the peak SP is closer to the calculated average flow rate value based on the flow, and the larger the flow rate, the smaller the error. The calculated flow rate u from the initial natural potential more closely approximates the flow rate calculated from the flow data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solute migration test device capable of adjusting the inclination angle of a filling fracture in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the solute transport test apparatus with an adjustable filling slit inclination angle in the example.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the solute transport test apparatus capable of adjusting the inclination angle of the filled fracture of the present embodiment includes a base 14, a water inlet system, a fracture model, a water outlet system, a monitoring system, and an angle adjusting system;
the water inlet system comprises a constant-pressure water inlet tank 1 and a water inlet buffer tank 2;
the water outlet system comprises a constant-pressure water outlet tank 8 and a water outlet buffer tank 7;
the bottom parts of two ends of the fracture model 5 are respectively provided with a solute injection port 3 and a sampling port 6, and the fracture model 5 is injected with a NaCl solution with known concentration through a solute main inlet 3;
the monitoring system comprises an electrode 4, a DT85G data acquisition instrument and a computer, wherein the electrode 4 comprises a reference electrode 401 and six measuring electrodes 402;
one end of the fracture model 5, which is close to the solute injection port 3, is sequentially connected with a water inlet buffer tank 2 and a constant-pressure water inlet tank 1 through a guide pipe; one end of the fracture model 5 close to the sampling port 6 is sequentially connected with an effluent buffer tank 7 and a constant-pressure effluent trough 8 through a guide pipe; the reference electrode 401 is arranged in the water inlet buffer tank 2, and the six measuring electrodes 402 are sequentially arranged in the fracture model 5 at intervals of 150 mm; the six measuring electrodes 402 and the reference electrode 401 are connected with a DT85G data acquisition instrument through leads, and the DT85G data acquisition instrument transmits and stores acquired data to a computer;
the angle adjusting system comprises a carrying plate 11, an upper fixing device 9, a lower fixing device 10, a sawtooth-shaped screw 12 and a protractor 13, the angle adjusting system is arranged on the carrying plate 11 at the lower end of the fracture model 5, two ends of the fracture model 5 are limited on the carrying plate 11 through the upper fixing device 9 and the lower fixing device 10 respectively, one end of the carrying plate 11 is connected to one end of a base 14 through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the carrying plate 11 is positioned and fixed through the sawtooth-shaped screw 12; a triangular stable structure is formed among the loading plate 11, the sawtooth-shaped screw 12 and the base 14; and an angle measuring ruler 13 is arranged at the axis of the rotating shaft.
It should be noted that, different from the electrode used in the prior art, the electrode adopted in the invention is a copper rod with the diameter of 2mm, the copper rod electrode can meet the requirement of natural potential monitoring, and the copper rod electrode can be suitable for the crack with smaller gap width and is more suitable for field monitoring, thus making up the defects of high price and difficult storage of the traditional electrode and greatly facilitating the development of the test; different from the traditional natural potential method, the reference electrode is arranged in the water inlet buffer tank, and the reference electrode is arranged in water, so that the water flow of the reference electrode is more stable than that of the reference electrode arranged in a fracture model, and the accuracy of natural potential monitoring is improved; compared with the traditional solute transport monitoring method, the method has the advantages that quantitative solution does not need to be taken out during monitoring, the balance of an original system in the filled fracture is kept, the sampled monitoring value can represent an instantaneous solution value, and real-time data monitoring has accuracy; the defect of traditional sampling monitoring is made up, meanwhile, the natural potential response value in the solute migration process can be detected in real time, the real-time state of solute migration is visualized, the condition of solute migration in a filling fracture can be mastered more conveniently, and the monitoring accuracy in the test process is improved. In addition, through the angle adjusting system, the fracture model can simulate the solute transport test in the horizontal direction and can simulate the solute transport test in the non-horizontal (inclined angle) direction, and the application range is wide.
Preferably, the fracture model 5 has the following dimensions: the length is 1200mm, the width is 200mm, the gap width is 5mm, and the gap width can be adjusted according to the requirement of the test; six equally spaced measuring electrodes 402 within the fracture model are designated as # 1 measuring electrode, # 2 measuring electrode, # 3 measuring electrode, # 4 measuring electrode, # 5 measuring electrode and # 6 measuring electrode, with # 1 measuring electrode being positioned 3100mm from the solute injection port.
Preferably, the electrode 4 is a copper rod with the diameter of 2 mm; compared with the traditional Ag/AgCl electrode, the copper rod electrode can meet the requirement of natural potential monitoring, can adapt to the crack with smaller gap width, is more suitable for field monitoring, and is economical and practical, convenient to obtain materials and convenient to store compared with the Ag/AgCl electrode.
In a specific embodiment, the fracture model 5 is filled with river sand, the sawtooth-shaped screw 12 can adjust the relative positions on the carrying plate 11 and the base 14 according to requirements, and the angle measuring ruler 12 is parallel to the base.
Example 2
The embodiment also discloses a natural potential-based filling fracture solute migration test method, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, water flow test: adjusting the angle of a test fracture, filling the fracture model by using a prepared sand sample, adjusting upstream and downstream water tanks, and adjusting the water flow speed by changing the difference between upstream and downstream water levels; during the test, the flow is measured at the water outlet by adopting a volume method, the average flow velocity of the water flow is calculated, and a crack filling water flow test with the average flow velocity within the range of 0.202-2.652 mm/s is carried out;
s2, solute transport test: selecting the average flow velocity u of water flow as 0.247mm/s, 0.431mm/s and 0.661mm/s, and carrying out a solute migration test of filling cracks; in the test process, after solute is injected, sampling is carried out at a sampling port immediately, the conductivity of the sample is tested by adopting a conductivity meter (DDS-307), the concentration of a NaCl solution is calculated, and a penetration curve (BTC) is drawn;
s3, natural potential monitoring: arranging a reference electrode in a water inlet buffer tank, arranging a measuring electrode in a crack filling model, and dynamically acquiring natural potential response data in the solute migration test process by using a monitoring system, wherein the acquisition frequency is 5 s/time; the water used for the test is tap water in a laboratory, and the room temperature is basically stabilized at 25 ℃ in the test process.
Further, in the step S2: before a solute migration test starts, keeping the water flow in a fracture model system stable, and firstly performing a tracer migration pre-test to determine initial and final arrival times of a solute as a sampling and monitoring time interval basis; between two consecutive solute transport tests, the filling fracture was flushed with test water for a sufficient time until the measured NaCl concentration was below the detection limit.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A solute transport test device capable of adjusting the inclination angle of a filling fracture is characterized by comprising a base (14), a water inlet system, a fracture model, a water outlet system, a monitoring system and an angle adjusting system;
the water inlet system comprises a constant-pressure water inlet tank (1) and a water inlet buffer tank (2);
the water outlet system comprises a constant-pressure water outlet tank (8) and a water outlet buffer tank (7);
the bottom parts of two ends of the fracture model (5) are respectively provided with a solute injection port (3) and a sampling port (6), and the fracture model (5) is injected with NaCl solution with known concentration through the solute main inlet (3);
the monitoring system comprises an electrode (4), a DT85G data acquisition instrument and a computer, wherein the electrode (4) comprises a reference electrode (401) and six measuring electrodes (402);
one end of the fracture model (5) close to the solute injection port (3) is sequentially connected with a water inlet buffer tank (2) and a constant pressure water inlet tank (1) through a guide pipe; one end of the fracture model (5) close to the sampling port (6) is sequentially connected with an effluent buffer tank (7) and a constant-pressure effluent trough (8) through a conduit; the reference electrode (401) is arranged in the water inlet buffer tank (2), and the six measuring electrodes (402) are sequentially arranged in the fracture model (5) at intervals of 150 mm; the six measuring electrodes (402) and the reference electrode (401) are connected with a DT85G data acquisition instrument through leads, and the DT85G data acquisition instrument transmits and stores acquired data to a computer;
the angle adjusting system comprises an object carrying plate (11), an upper fixing device (9), a lower fixing device (10), a sawtooth-shaped screw rod (12) and a protractor (13), the object carrying plate (11) is arranged at the lower end of the crack model (5), two ends of the crack model (5) are limited on the object carrying plate (11) through the upper fixing device (9) and the lower fixing device (10) respectively, one end of the object carrying plate (11) is connected to one end of a base (14) through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the object carrying plate is positioned and fixed through the sawtooth-shaped screw rod (12); a triangular stable structure is formed among the loading plate (11), the sawtooth-shaped screw rod (12) and the base (14); and an angle measuring ruler (13) is arranged at the axis of the rotating shaft.
2. The solute transport test device with adjustable filling fracture inclination angle according to claim 1, wherein the fracture model (5) is dimensioned as: the length is 1200mm, the width is 200mm, the gap width is 5mm, and the gap width can be adjusted according to the requirement of the test; six measuring electrodes (402) which are equally spaced in the fracture model are marked as a 1# measuring electrode, a 2# measuring electrode, a 3# measuring electrode, a 4# measuring electrode, a 5# measuring electrode and a 6# measuring electrode, and the 1# measuring electrode is arranged at a position 100mm away from a solute injection port (3).
3. The solute transport test device capable of adjusting the filling crack inclination angle according to claim 1, wherein the electrode (4) is a copper rod with a diameter of 2 mm.
4. The solute transport test device with adjustable filling fracture inclination angle according to claim 1, wherein the fracture model (5) is filled with river sand.
5. The solute transport test device capable of adjusting the filling crack inclination angle according to claim 1, wherein the zigzag screw (12) can adjust the relative positions on the loading plate (11) and the base (14) as required.
6. The solute transport test device with adjustable filling crack inclination angle according to claim 1, characterized in that the protractor (12) is parallel to the base.
7. A solute transport test method capable of adjusting the inclination angle of a filling fracture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, water flow test: adjusting the angle of a test fracture, filling the fracture model by using a prepared sand sample, adjusting upstream and downstream water tanks, and adjusting the water flow speed by changing the difference between upstream and downstream water levels; during the test, the flow is measured at the water outlet by adopting a volume method, the average flow velocity of the water flow is calculated, and a crack filling water flow test with the average flow velocity within the range of 0.202-2.652 mm/s is carried out;
s2, solute transport test: selecting the average flow velocity u of water flow as 0.247mm/s, 0.431mm/s and 0.661mm/s, and carrying out a solute migration test of filling cracks; in the test process, after solute is injected, sampling is carried out at a sampling port immediately, the conductivity of the sample is tested by adopting a conductivity meter (DDS-307), the concentration of a NaCl solution is calculated, and a penetration curve (BTC) is drawn;
s3, natural potential monitoring: arranging a reference electrode in a water inlet buffer tank, arranging a measuring electrode in a crack filling model, and dynamically acquiring natural potential response data in the solute migration test process by using a monitoring system, wherein the acquisition frequency is 5 s/time; the water used for the test is tap water in a laboratory, and the room temperature is basically stabilized at 25 ℃ in the test process.
8. The solute transport test method of claim 7, wherein in said step S2: before a solute migration test starts, keeping the water flow in a fracture model system stable, and firstly performing a tracer migration pre-test to determine initial and final arrival times of a solute as a sampling and monitoring time interval basis; between two consecutive solute transport tests, the filling fracture was flushed with test water for a sufficient time until the measured NaCl concentration was below the detection limit.
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| CN112611683A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-06 | 合肥工业大学 | Monitoring devices that solute that adjustable crack gap is wide moved |
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