CN110749620A - Sea-air interaction thermocline measuring, calculating and classifying method - Google Patents
Sea-air interaction thermocline measuring, calculating and classifying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110749620A CN110749620A CN201910984786.8A CN201910984786A CN110749620A CN 110749620 A CN110749620 A CN 110749620A CN 201910984786 A CN201910984786 A CN 201910984786A CN 110749620 A CN110749620 A CN 110749620A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring, calculating and classifying a sea-air interaction thermocline, which comprises the steps of floating a water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measuring device on the surface of a measured water body, synchronously measuring the temperature of an atmosphere bottom layer, a water body skin layer and a water body subsurface layer and the position of each temperature sensor relative to the water body surface to obtain the temperature profile distribution of the water body, determining the thickness of the sea-air interaction thermocline by adopting a derivative analysis method, and dividing the sea-air interaction thermocline into a positive type and a negative type according to a temperature change rule. The invention provides the characteristic parameters and types of the sea-air interaction thermocline through the measurement and calculation of the sea-air interaction thermocline, thereby determining the sea surface temperature structure, and the characteristic parameters and types of the sea-air interaction thermocline are mainly determined by the temperature difference between the water body and the atmosphere, which is different from the temporary thermocline which is considered to be generated by solar radiation heating at present, so that the sea surface temperature structure conforms to the actual observation data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of physical oceanography, atmospheric science and temperature measurement, in particular to a method for measuring, calculating and classifying a sea-air interaction thermocline.
Background
Seawater temperature is one of the most important physical parameters of the body of marine water and is the first measured marine parameter. The history of measuring sea temperature dates back to the 18 th century, and a mercury thermometer was used to measure the temperature of seawater filled in a wooden barrel at first, and with the development of temperature measurement technology, various temperature measurement methods were applied to the measurement of sea temperature, such as a thermal infrared radiation thermometer, a thermistor thermometer, and the like. In the 1960 s, the use of satellite remote sensing technology to measure sea surface temperature was started.
Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is a non-strict definition, and as shown in FIG. 4, it is presently believed that there may be five different Sea Surface temperatures, namely 1. interface Sea Surface Temperature (Temperature at water Surface, SST), depending on the depth of the Sea Surfaceint) (ii) a 2. Temperature of sea surface layer, SSTskin(ii) a 3. Temperature of sea surface cortex, SSTsubskin(ii) a 4. Sea surface temperature, SSTdepthGenerally, the seawater temperature at different depths of several tens of centimeters to several meters is referred to as the water depth; 5. basic sea surface temperature, SSTfndThe water depth is about 10 m, and the seawater temperature keeps stable in the daytime and at night. It is currently believed that the changes in the surface temperature at different depths above 10 meters water depth are due to the heating effect of solar radiation on the seawater.
The thermocline is an important phenomenon in the ocean, and the definition of the thermocline in the big-English encyclopedia is as follows: the Thermocline is a water layer (thermal, ocean water layer in high water temperature decrease with increasing water depth), and a wide range of permanent thermoclines are distributed under the relatively warm and well-mixed surface seawater. The definition of Wikipedia for thermocline is: the thermocline is a thin and obvious layer in large fluid (such as water body of ocean lake and atmosphere), and the temperature in the layer changes with the depth faster than the temperature in the adjacent layers. In the ocean, the thermocline separates the upper mixed layer from the calm lower layer of water, and is mainly controlled by the mixing of seasons, latitudes, wind and the like. The thermocline may be a quasi-persistent feature or may be temporarily responsive to a phenomenon such as radiant heating (daytime) or radiant cooling (night time) of the surface water. Factors that affect thermocline depth and thickness include seasonal climatic changes, latitude, and local environmental conditions (e.g., tides, ocean currents).
At present, oceanography considers the uppermost surface layer as a mixed layer (called as an upper mixed layer), considers that the temperature of the water body of the layer is basically kept stable in the vertical direction, a temporary thermocline appears when the water body is influenced by solar radiation, and the thermocline disappears when the water body is not heated by the solar radiation at night. However, through careful analysis of observation data of the surface temperature profile of the water body, the current knowledge of the surface water body temperature structure in the oceanographic kingdom is not consistent with the actual observation data, and a continuous thermocline exists on the surface of the ocean, which is defined as a 'sea-air interaction thermocline'.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring, calculating and classifying a sea air interaction thermocline by using a water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measuring device, so that an ocean surface layer temperature structure can be determined more accurately.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a measuring, calculating and classifying method of a sea air interaction thermocline is realized by a water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measuring device, and comprises the following steps:
step 2, setting measurement frequency, floating the water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measurement device on the surface of the measured water body, and synchronously measuring the temperature of the atmosphere bottom layer, the water body skin layer and the water body subsurface layer and the position of each temperature sensor relative to the water body surface;
step 4, determining the inflection point of a water body temperature curve by adopting a derivative analysis method according to the change condition of the water body temperature below the water surface along with the depth, wherein the water depth at the inflection point is the bottom boundary of the sea-air interaction thermocline, and the distance from the bottom boundary to the water surface is the thickness of the sea-air interaction thermocline;
step 5, calculating the strength of the sea air interaction thermocline by the following formula:
I＝(SSTskin-SSTb)/D
wherein I is the strength of the sea-air interaction thermocline, the unit is degree/centimeter (DEG C/cm), SSTSkin is the skin temperature of the water body, SSTb is the water temperature at the bottom boundary of the sea-air interaction thermocline, and D is the thickness of the sea-air interaction thermocline;
step 6, classification of the sea air interaction thermocline:
when the temperature of the water body is lower than the atmospheric temperature, the temperature of the sea-air interaction thermocline increases from the bottom boundary upwards along with the reduction of the water depth, the strength I is positive and is defined as the sea-air interaction thermocline, and at the moment, the sea obtains heat from the atmosphere;
when the water temperature is higher than the atmospheric temperature, the temperature of the sea-air interaction thermocline decreases from the bottom boundary upwards along with the decrease of the water depth, the strength I is negative and is defined as the sea-air interaction negative thermocline, and at the moment, the heat is lost by the ocean and the heat is output to the atmosphere.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides the characteristic parameters and types of the sea-air interaction thermocline through the measurement and calculation of the sea-air interaction thermocline, thereby determining the sea surface temperature structure, and the characteristic parameters and types of the sea-air interaction thermocline are mainly determined by the temperature difference between the water body and the atmosphere, which is different from the temporary thermocline which is considered to be generated by solar radiation heating at present, so that the sea surface temperature structure conforms to the actual observation data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measurement device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a temperature probe;
FIG. 3 is a temperature profile of the marine interaction thermocline of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a current definition diagram for Sea State Temperature (SST).
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Examples
The invention relates to a method for measuring, calculating and classifying a sea-air interaction thermocline, which adopts a water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measuring device disclosed by the prior patent of the inventor (the patent number is ZL201310400448.8, the name is that a water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measuring device is used for calibrating satellite remote sensing, the application date is that 9.5.2013, and 5.2015, and the announcement date is that 23.2015, and 12.6. mu.l, the distance between the temperature sensors is unified to 0.6mm, the temperature measuring precision is better than 0.05K, and the measuring frequency is less than or equal to 1 Hz. In the present embodiment, only the apparatus will be briefly described.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the synchronous water body skin temperature-surface temperature measuring device 100 of the present application includes a temperature measuring rod 1, a lower section of the temperature measuring rod 1 is inserted into a hemispherical floating body 2 to be fixed, the floating body 2 is a hollow structure, an information collecting system is installed in the hollow structure, a radius of the floating body 2 is determined according to a total weight of the information collecting system, the temperature measuring rod 1 and an annular body 3 for fixing the floating body 2, that is, the floating body 2 is subjected to buoyancy of a water body and gravity of the total weight to meet a requirement that the temperature measuring rod 1 is exposed out of a water surface for a distance. The temperature measuring rod 1 is provided with a row of temperature sensors 11 along the length direction thereof in a close arrangement, in order to measure the skin temperature of seawater, the spatial resolution of the temperature sensors 11 is required to reach the sub-millimeter level, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature sensors 11 can realize the spatial resolution of 0.6mm by using the PSB-S7 thermistor, that is, the diameter of the PSB-S7 thermistor is 0.6mm, and therefore, the interval of the temperature sensors 11 is 0.6 mm.
During measurement, an anchoring buoy mode or a fixing pile mode can be adopted, the water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measurement device 100 is arranged in a water area, the temperature measurement rod 1 is kept in a vertical state on the water surface as much as possible, and a temperature sensor 11 is always arranged in the upper section of the temperature measurement rod 1 and is ensured to be positioned in the skin layer of the water body, so that the temperature measurement rod 1 can synchronously measure the air temperature of the boundary layer at the bottom of the atmosphere (completed by the temperature sensor 11 exposed out of the water surface), the water body skin temperature (completed by the first temperature sensor 11 arranged in the water body) and the water temperature of the upper surface layer of the water body (within 1.2 meters and completed by the residual temperature sensor 11), and the device is used for the relation analysis of the water body skin temperature-surface temperature and the research of the heat flux of the interaction of the sea.
Thus, at each moment there is always one temperature sensor 11 indicating the skin temperature of the seawater, and because of the skin position, the temperature sensor 11 located in the seawater skin will always be the one below the first water surface. The first temperature sensor 11 below the water surface is judged by a plurality of capacitance liquid level sensors, the capacitance liquid level sensors are arranged on the temperature measuring rod 1 along the length direction of the temperature measuring rod 1, and the distance between two adjacent capacitance liquid level sensors is 20 cm. 1 backpressure capacitance liquid level sensor is placed on the water surface to measure the background atmospheric pressure, the pressure distribution measured by the capacitance liquid level sensors with equal intervals arranged on the temperature measuring rod 1 is combined with the background atmospheric pressure, the position of the seawater liquid level relative to the temperature measuring rod 1 can be inverted with high precision, and therefore the temperature sensor 11 which is the first temperature sensor below the water surface is determined. The capacitance liquid level sensor sends the information of the first temperature sensor 11 below the water surface to the information acquisition system, and the information acquisition system can determine the skin temperature, and can determine which temperature sensors 11 are used for measuring the atmospheric bottom temperature and which temperature sensors 11 are used for measuring the surface temperature of the water body.
The method for measuring, calculating and classifying the sea air interaction thermocline by adopting the water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measuring device comprises the following steps:
step 2, setting a measurement frequency, vertically floating the water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measurement device on the surface of a measured water body, exposing at least part of temperature sensors on the water surface, and synchronously measuring the temperatures of an atmospheric bottom layer, the water body skin layer and a water body subsurface layer and the positions of the temperature sensors relative to the water body surface; determining a continuous measurement time interval according to actual needs, if the measurement is carried out by the aid of an aerial station, measuring each station for about 5 minutes, and continuously measuring for 1 day or several days by means of fixed-point measurement;
step 4, determining the inflection point of a water body temperature curve by adopting a derivative analysis method according to the change condition of the water body temperature below the water surface along with the depth, wherein the water depth at the inflection point is the bottom boundary of the sea-air interaction thermocline, and the distance from the bottom boundary to the water surface is the thickness of the sea-air interaction thermocline;
step 5, calculating the strength of the sea air interaction thermocline by the following formula:
I＝(SSTskin-SSTb)/D
wherein I is the strength of the sea-air interaction thermocline, and the unit is degree/centimeter (DEG C/cm), SSTskinIs the skin temperature of water body, SSTbThe water temperature at the bottom boundary of the sea-air interaction thermocline is D, and the thickness of the sea-air interaction thermocline is D;
step 6, classification of the sea air interaction thermocline:
when the temperature of the water body is lower than the atmospheric temperature, the temperature of the sea-air interaction thermocline increases from the bottom boundary upwards along with the reduction of the water depth, the strength I is positive and is defined as the sea-air interaction thermocline, and at the moment, the sea obtains heat from the atmosphere;
when the water temperature is higher than the atmospheric temperature, the temperature of the sea-air interaction thermocline decreases from the bottom boundary upwards along with the decrease of the water depth, the strength I is negative and is defined as the sea-air interaction negative thermocline, and at the moment, the heat is lost by the ocean and the heat is output to the atmosphere.
The sea-air interaction thermocline disclosed by the invention also widely exists in lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers and other natural water bodies. Therefore, it may also be referred to as a water-atmosphere interaction thermocline. Unlike the temporary thermocline that is currently believed to be generated by solar radiation heating, the characteristic parameters and types of the sea-air interaction thermocline are mainly determined by the temperature difference between the water body and the atmosphere.
It should be noted that, corresponding to the ocean middle and sea gas interaction thermocline, a thermocline is also present on the bottom layer of the atmosphere, which can be called as the ocean sea gas interaction atmosphere bottom thermocline, and the temperature section line of the thermocline is consecutive to the ocean sea gas interaction thermocline below the thermocline. The sea-air interaction thermocline and the sea-air interaction atmosphere bottom thermocline are the most main interaction layers of the sea-air interaction.
The detailed description is specific to possible embodiments of the invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather are intended to include equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.
Thank you: the patent is obtained under the subsidization of the special technical project (No:201707020031) of Guangzhou city and the special technical project (No:2018YFC1406604) of the department of technology, and the patent is awarded.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring, calculating and classifying a sea-air interaction thermocline is realized by a water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measuring device, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, before the water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measuring device is put into use, carrying out laboratory calibration on a temperature sensor on the water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measuring device;
step 2, setting measurement frequency, floating the water body skin temperature-surface temperature synchronous measurement device on the surface of the measured water body, and synchronously measuring the temperature of the atmosphere bottom layer, the water body skin layer and the water body subsurface layer and the position of each temperature sensor relative to the water body surface;
step 3, importing the measured data into a computer, converting the measured value of the temperature sensor into a centigrade temperature value according to the calibration parameters of the temperature sensor, and obtaining the temperature profile distribution of the water body;
step 4, determining the inflection point of a water body temperature curve by adopting a derivative analysis method according to the change condition of the water body temperature below the water surface along with the depth, wherein the water depth at the inflection point is the bottom boundary of the sea-air interaction thermocline, and the distance from the bottom boundary to the water surface is the thickness of the sea-air interaction thermocline;
step 5, calculating the strength of the sea air interaction thermocline by the following formula:
I＝(SSTskin-SSTb)/D
wherein I is the strength of the sea-air interaction thermocline, and the unit is degree/centimeter (DEG C/cm), SSTskinIs the skin temperature of water body, SSTbThe water temperature at the bottom boundary of the sea-air interaction thermocline is D, and the thickness of the sea-air interaction thermocline is D;
step 6, classification of the sea air interaction thermocline:
when the temperature of the water body is lower than the atmospheric temperature, the temperature of the sea-air interaction thermocline increases from the bottom boundary upwards along with the reduction of the water depth, the strength I is positive and is defined as a positive sea-air interaction thermocline, and at the moment, the sea obtains heat from the atmosphere;
when the water temperature is higher than the atmospheric temperature, the temperature of the sea-air interaction thermocline decreases from the bottom boundary upwards along with the decrease of the water depth, the strength I is negative and is defined as a negative sea-air interaction thermocline, and at the moment, the heat is lost by the ocean and the heat is output to the atmosphere.
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Application publication date: 20200204 |