CN110745864B - Perovskite type lanthanum titanate material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Perovskite type lanthanum titanate material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910009818 Ti3AlC2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012213 gelatinous substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229940113115 polyethylene glycol 200 Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940068918 polyethylene glycol 400 Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940037312 stearamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 66
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 35
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229940012189 methyl orange Drugs 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citric acid monohydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002422 La(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/003—Titanates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
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Abstract
The invention discloses a perovskite type lanthanum titanate material and a preparation method thereofMethods and uses. Is titanium aluminum carbide (Ti)3AlC2) And lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (L a (NO)3)3‑6H2O) is taken as a raw material, Ti which is insoluble in aqueous solution is firstly subjected to a hydrothermal method3AlC2Fully dissolving the mixed solution in a lanthanum nitrate solution, preparing gel from the obtained mixed solution by adopting a citric acid complexation-sol-gel method, drying the gel in an oven to obtain dry gel, and roasting the dry gel in a muffle furnace at the temperature of 1000-1200 ℃ for 6-8 hours to obtain the final L a2Ti2O7Perovskite L a of the present invention2Ti2O7The crystal form is intact, and is in the form of granule, and on the surface of granule a large number of micropores with different pore diameters are existed, so that it is favorable for gas molecule to come in and go out, and can make adsorption and desorption on the surface of catalyst, and said catalyst is calcined for 6 hr L a at 1100 deg.C2Ti2O7A sample is subjected to a photocatalytic degradation experiment of methyl orange, and the degradation rate of the methyl orange under the ultraviolet irradiation condition of 60min can reach 91%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalytic materials, and relates to a novel perovskite L a2Ti2O7A catalyst material, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The photocatalytic purification technology has unique use effect when being applied to the treatment of the atmospheric pollution and the water pollution, and is already applied to a plurality of specific environmental pollution treatment processes. In the course of past research, major work has been around the preparation and application of new highly active photocatalytic materials. Over the course of a half century of development and improvement, the focus of current research is on the further industrial application of this technology. In this process, the choice of materials and the adaptability to the particular process are of particular importance.
Photocatalytic technology and related products are mainly used in small-scale civil products and small-scale industrial production, and the main limiting factor for the application of the photocatalytic technology and related products in large-scale industrial production is photocatalytic materials. The titanium-containing compound is the main body of the photocatalytic material, the most important of which is titanium oxide, and titanates which are focused by researchers are a novel photocatalytic material with great application potential at present. The lanthanum titanate material has satisfactory performance in various environmental pollution purification processes, and particularly has lower use cost due to the utilization of visible light energy.
Lanthanum titanate belonging to ABO3The perovskite structure material is a novel artificially synthesized functional ceramic powder. Can be used as piezoelectric material, photoelectric material, ferroelectric material, etc. Since lanthanum titanate is a typical layered perovskite (A)2B2O7) The rare earth composite metal oxide has the advantages of high catalytic activity, high light quantum efficiency and the like, and can efficiently utilize light energy, so the rare earth composite metal oxide has wide application in the aspects of hydrogen production by photolysis, organic matter decomposition, environmental management and the like.
At present, the research on the preparation method of lanthanum titanate is more, including: high temperature solid phase method, hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, etc., such as: the traditional lanthanum titanate synthesis method generally adopts a traditional solid-phase high-temperature method, and the preparation of lanthanum titanate by adopting a solid-phase reaction method of Huang Lizhen and the like comprises the following 6 steps: the method has the advantages that no solvent is added in the reaction process, the selectivity of the raw materials is high, more new solid-phase substances are generated, the process is simpler, and the method has the defects of high energy consumption, long-time sintering, large particle size of the synthesized product and uneven distribution, thereby influencing the service performance of the product. Also hydrothermal and sol-gel processes are common methods for lanthanum titanate, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, how to synthesize a product with high purity, small particle size and uniform distribution by adopting an economic and reasonable process route has become a key research topic of researchers.
According to the invention, from the viewpoint of raw materials, titanium aluminum carbide is firstly adopted as a titanium source to synthesize lanthanum titanate, and a novel lanthanum titanate material with remarkable advantages in appearance and performance is prepared by exploring and improving the preparation method, so that a new way is provided for the synthesis of the lanthanum titanate material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at providing a novel method for preparing perovskite L a2Ti2O7The method of the material firstly uses titanium aluminum carbide as a titanium source to synthesize lanthanum titanate, and provides a set of unique preparation method suitable for the methodAnd the maximum utilization of resources is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
perovskite L a2Ti2O7The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps: containing a lanthanum source and Ti3AlC2The solution is subjected to hydrothermal reaction, then sol-gel reaction is carried out, and the gel is dried, ground and roasted to obtain the catalyst.
The perovskite type L a2Ti2O7Method for producing material, lanthanum source and Ti3AlC2The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 1: 0.333-0.75; preferably 1: 0.333-0.5.
The perovskite type L a2Ti2O7The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps: lanthanum nitrate.
The perovskite type L a2Ti2O7The preparation method of the material has the hydrothermal reaction temperature of 120-150 ℃, preferably 150 ℃ and the heating time of 12-24 h, preferably 20 h.
The perovskite type L a2Ti2O7The preparation method of the material comprises the steps of adding a template agent and a dispersing agent into a solution after hydrothermal reaction, uniformly stirring, evaporating water to dryness to form a gelatinous substance, wherein the template agent comprises one or more of citric acid, ethanolamine, ammonium citrate, maleic acid, oxalic acid, ammonium oxalate and ethyl acetoacetate, and the dispersing agent comprises one or more of ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200 or 400, polyethylene wax, stearamide, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
The template agent is preferably citric acid, and the dispersing agent is preferably glycol.
The perovskite type L a2Ti2O7The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps of (1: 1) - (1: 4), preferably 1:1, of the molar ratio of a lanthanum source to a template agent; the molar ratio of the dispersing agent to the template agent is 1: 1-4.
The perovskite type L a2Ti2O7The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps of heating to 60-80 ℃ when water is evaporated to dryness; the drying temperature of the gel is 120-140 ℃, and the drying time is 12～15h。
The perovskite type L a2Ti2O7The preparation method of the material has the sintering temperature of 1000-1200 ℃, preferably 1100 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 6-8 h.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a perovskite L a prepared by the method2Ti2O7A material. The material has a perfect crystal form and exists in a granular state, a large number of micropores with different pore diameters exist on the surface of the granules, gas molecules can enter and exit, and the material can be adsorbed and desorbed on the surface of a catalyst, and has very outstanding performance.
It is a third object of the present invention to provide the above perovskite L a2Ti2O7The material is applied to being used as a photocatalytic material. Compared with the same type of products, the material has remarkable advantages as a photocatalytic material, and particularly has excellent performance as a material for catalyzing and degrading methyl orange.
The present invention provides the catalyst L a2Ti2O7The preparation method preferably comprises the following steps:
(1) l a (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in ultrapure water, fully stirring to completely dissolve O, and adding Ti into the lanthanum nitrate solution3AlC2，La(NO3)3·6H2O and Ti3AlC2The molar ratio of the suspension to the polytetrafluoroethylene is 1:0.333-0.5, the suspension solution is transferred into a 50ml autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining for heating at the temperature of 120-150 ℃ for 12-24 h after being stirred, and the solution is taken out after natural cooling;
(2) citric acid monohydrate was weighed into solution L a (NO)3)3·6H2The molar ratio of O to citric acid monohydrate is 1: 1-4, and then ethylene glycol in the amount of citric acid and other substances is added into the solution dropwise to serve as a dispersing agent;
(3) fully and uniformly stirring the solution, heating in a water bath at the temperature of 60-80 ℃, and gradually evaporating water to dryness to form a viscous colloidal substance;
(4) placing the colloidal substance in a drying oven to dry for 12-15 h at 120-140 ℃, and then grinding the dried dry glue into powder;
(5) placing the dried powder into a crucible, and placing the crucible into a muffle furnace to roast for 6-8 h at 1000-1200 ℃ to obtain the final L a2Ti2O7And (3) sampling.
The invention adopts a hydrothermal synthesis method in the earlier stage, so that the titanium aluminum carbide can be completely dissolved in the lanthanum nitrate solution, and the titanium aluminum carbide has good dispersibility. The sol-gel method is adopted after the uniformly mixed solution is obtained, because the raw materials used in the sol-gel method are firstly dispersed into the solvent to form the solution with low viscosity, the uniformity at the molecular level can be obtained in a short time, reactants are likely to be uniformly mixed at the molecular level when the gel is formed, and because the solution reaction step is carried out, some trace elements are easily uniformly and quantitatively doped, and the uniform doping at the molecular level is realized. Chemical reactions will proceed easily and require only lower synthesis temperatures than solid phase reactions, which are believed to be readily accessible and lower temperatures since the diffusion of components in sol-gel systems is in the nanometer range, whereas diffusion of components in the micrometer range is in solid phase reactions. Thus, the lanthanum titanate with uniform particles can be obtained, the energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts a new titanium source Ti for the first time3AlC2The lanthanum titanate is used as a raw material for synthesizing lanthanum titanate, and a matched synthesis method is explored, so that a new way is provided for the synthesis of lanthanum titanate.
2. The lanthanum titanate prepared by the method has high purity, perfect crystal form, granular existence, small grain diameter and uniform distribution, a large number of micropores with different pore diameters exist on the surface of the grains, gas molecules can enter and exit, and the lanthanum titanate is adsorbed and desorbed on the surface of the catalyst and has very outstanding performance.
3. Compared with the same type of products, the performance of the material as a photocatalytic material has obvious advantages, and particularly the material as a material for catalyzing and degrading methyl orange has excellent performance.
4. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, energy consumption is greatly reduced, and production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (L a (NO)3)3-6H2O) and titanium aluminum carbide (Ti)3AlC2) L a prepared with molar ratios of medium L a to Ti of 1:1 and 1: 1.5, respectively2Ti2O7An XRD spectrum of the sample;
FIG. 2 shows lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (L a (NO)3)3-6H2O) and titanium aluminum carbide (Ti)3AlC2) The XRD patterns of samples synthesized by a sol-gel method (1000 ℃) and a hydrothermal method (220 ℃) are used as raw materials respectively.
FIG. 3 shows L a obtained in example 1 of the present invention2Ti2O7SEM images of the samples;
FIG. 4 shows L a in example 4 of the present invention2Ti2O7The pore size distribution map of the sample;
FIG. 5 shows L a in example 4 of the present invention2Ti2O7A nitrogen adsorption and desorption curve chart of a sample;
FIG. 6 shows L a in examples 2 and 4 of the present invention2Ti2O7A photocatalytic degradation graph of a sample on methyl orange;
FIG. 7 shows L a prepared by hydrothermal method of comparative example 12Ti2O7SEM images of the samples;
FIG. 8 is L a prepared by sol-gel process of comparative example 22Ti2O7SEM image of the sample.
From fig. 1 it can be seen that L a is obtained when L a: Ti 1:12Ti2O7The sample has high purity, and has small amount of L a2O3And TiO2When L a shows that Ti is 1: 1.5, L a is obtained2Ti2O7The purity of the sample is reduced, in which TiO2The content was increased, and when the mixture was calcined at 900 ℃ at L a, Ti: 1, the sample obtained contained a large amount of TiO2Thus, L a was prepared by this method2Ti2O7The roasting temperature is more than 1000 ℃.
From FIG. 2, lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (L a (NO)3)3-6H2O) and titanium aluminum carbide (Ti)3AlC2) Calcination of the starting material (L a: Ti ═ 1:1) by the sol-gel method at 1000 ℃ for 6 hours gave L a2O3And TiO2The same hydrothermal method at 220 ℃ for 15h produces a product mainly comprising L a2O3And TiO2From this fact, it is known that titanium aluminum carbide (Ti) is used3AlC2) When the new material is used as a raw material, the perovskite L a can not be prepared by a single sol-gel method and a single hydrothermal method2Ti2O7And (3) sampling.
From FIG. 3 it can be seen that L a was produced2Ti2O7The sample exists in a granular state, and a large number of micropores with different pore diameters exist on the surface of the granules, so that gas molecules can enter and exit, and are adsorbed and desorbed on the surface of the catalyst.
From FIG. 4 it can be seen that L a was produced2Ti2O7The pore diameter of the sample is mostly about 5 nm.
L a from FIG. 52Ti2O7The nitrogen adsorption and desorption curve chart of the sample can be seen to belong to an H3 hysteresis loop, and is commonly used for mesoporous or macroporous materials generating slits. From the figure, the number of mesopores in the sample is not very large and part of macropores exist, which is known to be gradually formed by the hysteresis loop after the partial pressure is 0.8.
From FIG. 6, it can be seen that methyl orange hardly degrades during the first 60 minutes dark reaction in the catalytic degradation experiment of methyl orange, and methyl orange rapidly degrades under UV irradiation from the last 60 minutes, wherein L a baked at 1100 ℃ is used2Ti2O7The degradation rate of the sample to methyl orange after 60min of photoreaction is up to 91%.
FIG. 7 shows L a prepared by hydrothermal method in comparative example 12Ti2O7The sample is mainly irregular blocky particles, the surface of the sample is rough, and micropores or mesopores do not exist, so that the contact area of the sample and a reaction medium is smaller than that of a porous material when the catalytic reaction is carried out.
From FIG. 8, it can be seen thatComparative example 2 sol gel process L a2Ti2O7The sample is irregular smooth block-shaped particles, and micropores or mesopores do not exist on the surface of the sample, so that the contact area of the sample and a reaction medium is much smaller than that of a porous material when the catalytic reaction is carried out.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention without limiting it.
Example 1
Weighing 2.165g L a (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in 40ml of ultrapure water, fully stirring to completely dissolve O, and adding 0.323g of Ti into the lanthanum nitrate solution3AlC2Stirring, transferring the suspension solution into a high-pressure autoclave with a capacity of 50ml and a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating at 120 ℃ for 12 hours, naturally cooling, and taking out the solution; weighing 2.112g of citric acid monohydrate, adding into the solution, dropwise adding 1.24ml of ethylene glycol as a dispersing agent into the solution, fully and uniformly stirring the solution, heating in a water bath at 80 ℃, gradually evaporating the water to dryness to obtain a viscous colloidal substance, drying the colloidal substance in a drying oven at 120 ℃, grinding the dried dry glue into powder, putting the dried powder into a crucible, putting the crucible into a muffle furnace, heating to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 6 hours to finally obtain a doped TiO part2L a of2Ti2O7Samples, see FIG. 1.
Example 2
Weighing 2.165g L a (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in 40ml of ultrapure water, fully stirring to completely dissolve O, and adding 0.487g of Ti into the lanthanum nitrate solution3AlC2Stirring, transferring the suspension solution into a high-pressure autoclave with a capacity of 50ml and a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating at 120 ℃ for 12 hours, naturally cooling, and taking out the solution; weighing 2.112g of citric acid monohydrate, adding into the solution, dropwise adding 1.24ml of ethylene glycol as a dispersing agent into the solution, stirring the solution sufficiently and uniformly, heating in a water bath at 80 ℃, gradually evaporating the water to dryness to obtain viscous colloidal substance, and drying the colloidal substance at 120 DEG CDrying in a box, grinding the dried dry glue into powder, placing the dried powder into a crucible, putting the crucible into a muffle furnace, heating to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 6 hours to finally obtain the doped TiO with a small amount2And L a2O3L a of crystal2Ti2O7Samples, see FIG. 1.
Weighing 50ml of methyl orange solution (10 mg/L) into a 70ml quartz tube, adding 0.05g of prepared photocatalyst, putting the mixture into a photochemical reactor, carrying out dark reaction, starting photoreaction after adsorption balance, taking a certain amount of reaction suspension at intervals (the dark reaction takes a sample every 30 minutes, the photoreaction takes a sample every 10 minutes, and the light and dark reactions take an hour respectively), centrifuging to remove catalyst powder, taking supernatant, and measuring the absorbance of degradation liquid at the position of 460nm of the maximum absorption peak wavelength of the methyl orange by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, wherein the degradation result is shown in figure 6, the methyl orange is hardly degraded in the dark reaction stage, and the degradation rate of the methyl orange can reach 88% after 60min of photocatalytic degradation.
Example 3
Weighing 2.165g L a (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in 40ml of ultrapure water, fully stirring to completely dissolve O, and adding 0.323g of Ti into the lanthanum nitrate solution3AlC2Stirring, heating at 120 deg.C for 12 hr, cooling naturally, adding 2.112g citric acid monohydrate into the solution, adding 1.24ml ethylene glycol as dispersant, stirring, heating in 80 deg.C water bath to evaporate water to obtain viscous colloidal matter, drying at 120 deg.C in a drying box, grinding into powder, heating in a crucible to 900 deg.C at 5 deg.C/min for 6 hr, and determining that the synthesized sample contains small amount of L a from XRD pattern of sample in FIG. 1 at 900 deg.C2Ti2O7While there is more TiO2From this, it was found that L a was prepared by this method2Ti2O7The conversion temperature of (A) is more than 900 ℃.
Example 4
2.165g of L a (NO3) 3.6H 2O was weighed out and dissolved in 40ml of ultrapure water, and the solution was stirred sufficiently to dissolve it completely, and 0.323g of Ti was added to the lanthanum nitrate solution3AlC2Stirring, transferring the suspension solution into a 50ml autoclave with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating at 120 ℃ for 12 hours, naturally cooling, taking out the solution, weighing 2.112g citric acid monohydrate, adding into the solution, dropwise adding 1.24ml ethylene glycol into the solution as a dispersing agent, fully and uniformly stirring the solution, heating in a water bath at 80 ℃, gradually evaporating to dryness to obtain a viscous colloidal substance, drying the colloidal substance in a 120 ℃ drying box, grinding the dried dry glue into powder, placing the dried powder into a crucible, heating to 1100 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 6 hours to finally obtain L a2Ti2O7And (3) sampling. From the XRD pattern of the sample in FIG. 1, it is found that the same samples were obtained at a calcination temperature of 1100 ℃ and a calcination temperature of 1000 ℃ and that a small amount of TiO was simultaneously contained therein2And L a2O3As impurities, a small amount of raw material is always converted into TiO in the roasting process2And L a2O3When the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃, the temperature is raised again and can not convert all the raw materials into L a2Ti2O7。
Weighing 50ml of methyl orange solution (10 mg/L) into a 70ml quartz tube, adding 0.05g of prepared photocatalyst, putting the mixture into a photochemical reactor, carrying out dark reaction, starting photoreaction after adsorption balance, taking a certain amount of reaction suspension at intervals (the dark reaction takes a sample every 30 minutes, the photoreaction takes a sample every 10 minutes, and the light and dark reactions take an hour respectively), centrifuging to remove catalyst powder, taking supernatant, and measuring the absorbance of degradation liquid at the position of 460nm of the maximum absorption peak wavelength of the methyl orange by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, wherein the degradation result is shown in figure 6, the methyl orange is hardly degraded in the dark reaction stage, and the degradation rate of the methyl orange can reach 91% after 60min of photocatalytic degradation.
Comparative example 1 hydrothermal preparation L a2Ti2O7Powder body
Lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate and tetrabutyl titanate (the molar ratio is L a: Ti is 1:1) are used as main raw materials, and heat preservation is carried out for 24 hours at 220 ℃ (hydrothermal reaction kettle) to prepare L a2Ti2O7The SEM image of the powder and sample is shown in FIG. 7. The degradation rate of methyl orange can reach 83% under the irradiation condition of 60min by carrying out the degradation experiment of methyl orange under the irradiation condition of ultraviolet light under the same condition as the invention.
Comparative example 2 Sol-gel preparation L a2Ti2O7Powder body
Lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate and butyl titanate (the molar ratio is L a: Ti is 1:1) are used as raw materials, citric acid monohydrate which is equal to lanthanum nitrate in mole is weighed and added into the solution, analytically pure ethylene glycol is used as a solvent, and the solution is roasted for 6 hours at 1000 ℃ by adopting a sol-gel method to successfully prepare L a2Ti2O7The SEM image of the powder and sample is shown in FIG. 8. Under the same condition as the invention, the degradation rate of the methyl orange of the sample can reach 80 percent under the condition of ultraviolet irradiation for 60 min.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a perovskite lanthanum titanate material is characterized by comprising the following steps: containing a lanthanum source and Ti3AlC2The solution is subjected to hydrothermal reaction, then sol-gel reaction is carried out, and the lanthanum titanate L a is obtained by drying, grinding and roasting the gel2Ti2O7(ii) a The hydrothermal reaction temperature is 120-150 ℃, and the heating time is 12-24 h; adding a template agent and a dispersing agent into the solution after the hydrothermal reaction, uniformly stirring, evaporating water to dryness to obtain a gelatinous substance, wherein the template agent comprises one or more of citric acid, ethanolamine, ammonium citrate, maleic acid, oxalic acid, ammonium oxalate and ethyl acetoacetate, and the dispersing agent comprises one or more of ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene wax, stearamide, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
2. The perovskite of claim 1The preparation method of the mineral lanthanum titanate material is characterized in that a lanthanum source and Ti3AlC2The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 1: 0.333-0.75.
3. The method for producing a perovskite-type lanthanum titanate material according to claim 2, wherein a lanthanum source and Ti are used3AlC2The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 1: 0.333-0.5.
4. The method of producing a perovskite-type lanthanum titanate material according to claim 1, wherein the lanthanum source comprises: lanthanum nitrate.
5. The method for producing a perovskite-type lanthanum titanate material according to claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 150 ℃ and the heating time is 20 hours.
6. The preparation method of the perovskite lanthanum titanate material according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the lanthanum source to the template is 1: 1-1: 4; the molar ratio of the dispersing agent to the template agent is =1: 1-4.
7. The method for producing a perovskite-type lanthanum titanate material according to claim 6, wherein the molar ratio of the lanthanum source to the template is 1: 1.
8. The method for preparing a perovskite lanthanum titanate material according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature is 60 to 80 ℃ when the water is evaporated to dryness; the drying temperature of the gel is 120-140 ℃, and the drying time is 12-15 h.
9. The preparation method of the perovskite lanthanum titanate material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the roasting temperature is 1000-1200 ℃ and the holding time is 6-8 h.
10. The method for producing a perovskite-type lanthanum titanate material according to claim 9, wherein the firing temperature is 1100 ℃.
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