CN110745809B - Method for preparing carbon nanotubes from coal - Google Patents

Method for preparing carbon nanotubes from coal Download PDF

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CN110745809B
CN110745809B CN201911040191.3A CN201911040191A CN110745809B CN 110745809 B CN110745809 B CN 110745809B CN 201911040191 A CN201911040191 A CN 201911040191A CN 110745809 B CN110745809 B CN 110745809B
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coal
nickel
carbon nanotubes
mixture
cobalt
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CN110745809A (en
CN110745809B8 (en
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刘丹
王斌
杨生春
梁工英
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Shenshupan Coal Mine Of Xi'an Langyi Technology Development Co ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
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Shenshupan Coal Mine Of Xi'an Langyi Technology Development Co ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
    • C01B32/16—Preparation
    • C01B32/162—Preparation characterised by catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2202/00—Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
    • C01B2202/20—Nanotubes characterized by their properties
    • C01B2202/36—Diameter

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a carbon nanotube by coal, which comprises the steps of mixing powdered coal with water, melamine and soluble cobalt salt or nickel salt, carrying out wet milling by utilizing high-energy ball milling to obtain a slurry mixture, and carrying out freeze drying on the mixture to obtain a porous block. The block is placed in a high-temperature atmosphere furnace and sintered in a hydrogen/argon mixed atmosphere to prepare the cluster-shaped carbon nano-tube, and finally, the relatively pure carbon nano-tube is obtained through acid washing and water washing. The invention uses natural coal as raw material, does not need to pretreat the coal, has low selectivity to the coal types and high yield, and the prepared carbon nanotube has the diameter of 40-100 nanometers and uniform distribution of the diameter of the carbon nanotube; and the preparation process is simple, the process is simplified, the equipment requirement is low, the cost is low, and the industrial production is easy to realize. Has huge market demand and wide application prospect in the fields of lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, nano catalysis, biomedicine, environmental protection and the like.

Description

Method for preparing carbon nanotubes from coal
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of nano materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a carbon nanotube from coal.
Background
The carbon nano tube is a special one-dimensional material and has a series of excellent comprehensive properties of high thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength, large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, strong interface effect, low thermal expansion coefficient, good chemical stability and the like. Therefore, the method is always a focus of people in various fields of material science research, and has huge market demands and wide application prospects in the fields of lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, nano catalysis, biomedicine, environmental protection and the like.
The graphite arc method, the laser evaporation method and the chemical vapor deposition method are the main methods for preparing the carbon nano tube at present, and the graphite arc method and the laser evaporation method are not suitable for large-scale production due to high energy consumption, complex experimental equipment and high preparation cost. The chemical vapor deposition method is easy to control, simple and easy to implement, and strong in adaptability, and is widely applied as a mainstream method for preparing carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube prepared by chemical vapor deposition method is characterized in that carbon-containing substances are used as carbon sources, transition metals are used as catalysts, the carbon sources are cracked under a certain atmosphere and enter a catalyst system through adsorption and diffusion, and the carbon nanotube is separated out after saturation. The catalyst used is mainly transition metal or iron-containing compound. At present, carbon sources commonly used for preparing carbon nanotubes by a chemical vapor deposition method are mainly hydrocarbon substances such as methane, ethylene, benzene, toluene and the like, so that the preparation cost of the carbon nanotubes is high, and the large-scale production of the carbon nanotubes is limited.
Coal has been reported as a carbon source for preparing carbon nanomaterials due to its abundant reserves, low cost and ready availability, and its relatively high carbon content. However, different catalysts and preparation methods have different effects on the yield, purity and cost of the carbon nanotube products.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for preparing carbon nanotubes by using coal, wherein the present invention uses coal as a raw material, metal nickel salt and cobalt salt as catalysts, melamine as a complexing agent, high-energy ball milling combined with freeze drying, and finally high-temperature sintering in an atmosphere furnace to realize mass preparation of carbon nanotubes. The invention does not need to purify coal, has simple preparation method, simplified process and low equipment requirement and is easy to realize industrial production. The prepared carbon nanotubes have high yield and high purity, and the method greatly expands the comprehensive utilization range of coal while reducing the production cost.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, in particular to a method for preparing a carbon nanotube by coal, which comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, mixing coal powder, melamine, metal ions in soluble cobalt salt or nickel salt and water according to the mass ratio of (50-100) to (1-25) to (3-10) to (25-50) to obtain a mixed solution A, putting the mixed solution A into a ball milling tank, adding steel balls, and carrying out high-energy ball milling until a uniformly dispersed slurry mixture B is obtained;
2) freeze-drying the slurry mixture B to obtain a porous block C;
3) and (3) placing the porous block C in a high-temperature atmosphere furnace at 600-1100 ℃, and sintering at high temperature in a hydrogen/argon mixed atmosphere to prepare the cluster-shaped carbon nanotube.
Further purifying, and obtaining cluster-shaped carbon nanotube powder with the diameter of 40-100 nanometers through multiple acid washing and deionized water washing, centrifugal separation and drying.
Further, in the step 1), the pulverized coal is one or a mixture of more than two of long flame coal, anthracite, lignite or coking coal.
Further, in the step 1), the granularity of the pulverized coal is 40-60 meshes.
Further, the soluble cobalt salt or nickel salt in the step 1) is one or a mixture of more than two of nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel acetate, nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate or cobalt sulfate.
Further, the slurry mixture B described in step 2) was freeze-dried until a dried porous cake C was obtained.
Further, sintering at 600-1100 ℃ for 2-4 hours in step 3).
The effects and benefits of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, coal is used as a raw material, metal nickel salt and cobalt salt are used as catalysts, and a small amount of melamine is added through high-energy ball milling, so that active groups (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, hydroxyl groups and the like) in coal powder can be effectively promoted to fully adsorb and coordinate catalyst (metal nickel and cobalt ions) ions, and the full generation of catalytic reaction is facilitated; through freeze drying, a large number of holes are introduced into the sintered precursor material, which is beneficial to forming a micro-reaction space for the growth of the carbon tubes in the high-temperature heating process, thereby effectively improving the yield of the carbon tubes and realizing the mass preparation of the carbon nanotubes.
2. The catalyst is metal nickel salt or cobalt salt, and the catalyst has low consumption, simple preparation method, low manufacturing cost and low equipment requirement, and is easy to realize industrial production.
3. The invention has low selectivity to coal types. The carbon nanotubes are prepared by using natural coal as a raw material, the coal does not need to be pretreated or purified, and various coals such as long flame coal, lignite, coking coal and the like can be directly used as the raw material.
4. The invention adopts high-energy ball milling and adds melamine as a coordination agent, so that coal particles can fully adsorb and coordinate catalyst (metal nickel and cobalt ions) ions, and the catalytic efficiency of coal powder to the catalyst is obviously improved.
5. By adopting freeze drying, a large number of holes are formed in the sintered precursor material, which is beneficial to the carbon tube to form a micro-reaction space for the catalytic growth of the carbon tube in a high-temperature environment, thereby effectively improving the yield of the carbon tube and realizing the batch preparation of the carbon nanotubes. And the purity can reach 40-60%.
4. The carbon nanotubes prepared by the method have the diameter of 40-100 nanometers, are uniformly distributed, and have huge market demands and wide application prospects in the fields of lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, nanocatalysis, biomedicine, environmental protection and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of carbon nanotubes prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of carbon nanotubes prepared in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of carbon nanotubes prepared in example 3;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of carbon nanotubes prepared in example 4;
FIG. 5 is a transmission electron micrograph of carbon nanotubes prepared in example 1;
fig. 6 is a transmission electron micrograph of carbon nanotubes prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a carbon nanotube by coal, which comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, mixing powdered coal with the granularity of about 50 meshes, melamine, metal ion mass in soluble cobalt salt or nickel salt and water according to the mass ratio of (50-100) to (1-25) to (3-10) to (25-50) to obtain a mixed solution A; and putting the mixed solution A into a ball milling tank, adding steel balls, and carrying out high-energy ball milling until a uniformly dispersed slurry mixture B is obtained.
Wherein the pulverized coal can be one or a mixture of more than two of long flame coal, anthracite, lignite and coking coal; the soluble cobalt salt or nickel salt may be one or more of nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel acetate, nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate and cobalt sulfate.
2) The slurry mixture B was freeze-dried to obtain a porous cake C.
3) And (3) placing the porous block C in a high-temperature atmosphere furnace, and sintering at 600-1100 ℃ for 2-4 hours in a hydrogen/argon mixed atmosphere to obtain the cluster-shaped carbon nanotube.
Further purifying, and obtaining cluster-shaped carbon nanotube powder with the diameter of 40-100 nanometers through sulfuric acid pickling and deionized water washing for many times, centrifugal separation and drying.
Specific examples are given below to further illustrate the present invention.
Example 1:
first, 100 g of coarse powder of long flame coal was weighed and mixed with 25 g of melamine, 11 g of cobalt chloride (containing metal cobalt ions, 5 g) and 50 g of water to obtain a mixture a. And placing the mixture A into a ball milling tank, and adding metal steel balls for high-energy ball milling until a uniformly dispersed slurry mixture B is obtained. And (3) placing the mixture B in a freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain a porous block C. And (3) placing the block C in a high-temperature atmosphere furnace, introducing hydrogen and argon containing 5% of hydrogen, mixing, and heating at the temperature of 1100 ℃ for 2 hours to prepare the cluster-shaped carbon nanotube. Further purification can be carried out by multiple acid washing and water washing, centrifugal separation and drying, and then the cluster-shaped carbon nanotube powder with the diameter of 60-100 nanometers can be obtained.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope and FIG. 5 is a transmission electron microscope showing clusters of carbon nanotubes with diameters of 60-100 nm.
Example 2:
first, 50 g of anthracite coal coarse powder was weighed and mixed with 10 g of melamine, 6.5 g of nickel chloride (containing 3 g of metallic nickel ions) and 25 g of water to obtain a mixture A. And placing the mixture A into a ball milling tank, and adding metal steel balls for high-energy ball milling until a uniformly dispersed slurry mixture B is obtained. And (3) placing the mixture B in a freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain a porous block C. And (3) placing the block C in a high-temperature atmosphere furnace, introducing hydrogen and argon containing 5% of hydrogen, mixing, and heating at 800 ℃ for 2 hours to prepare the cluster-shaped carbon nanotube. Further purifying by acid washing and water washing, centrifugal separation and drying, to obtain cluster carbon nanotube powder with diameter of 40-50 nm.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the prepared carbon nanotubes, which are in the form of clusters with diameters of about 40-50 nm.
Example 3:
first, 100 g of a mixture of coking coal and brown coal was weighed and mixed with 25 g of melamine, 31.4 g of cobalt nitrate and nickel nitrate (containing 10 g of metal cobalt ions and nickel ions in total) and 50 g of water to obtain a mixture A. And placing the mixture A into a ball milling tank, and adding metal steel balls for high-energy ball milling until a uniformly dispersed slurry mixture B is obtained. And (4) placing the mixture B in a freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain a porous block C. And (3) placing the block C in a high-temperature atmosphere furnace, introducing hydrogen and argon containing 5% of hydrogen, mixing, and heating at 600 ℃ for 4 hours to prepare the cluster-shaped carbon nanotube. Further purifying by acid washing and water washing, centrifugal separation and drying, to obtain cluster carbon nanotube powder with diameter of about 60-80 nm.
Fig. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the prepared carbon nanotubes, and fig. 6 is a transmission electron micrograph of the carbon nanotubes prepared in example 3, in which the carbon nanotubes are seen to be in clusters having diameters of about 60-80 nm.
Example 4:
first, 75 g of brown coal coarse powder was weighed and mixed with 1 g of melamine, 7.9 g of nickel sulfate and cobalt sulfate (3 g of metal-containing nickel ions and cobalt ions) and 40 g of water to obtain a mixture A. And placing the mixture A into a ball milling tank, and adding metal steel balls for high-energy ball milling until a uniformly dispersed slurry mixture B is obtained. And (3) placing the mixture B in a freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain a porous block C. And (3) placing the block C in a high-temperature atmosphere furnace, introducing hydrogen and argon containing 5% of hydrogen, mixing, and heating at 600 ℃ for 4 hours to prepare the cluster-shaped carbon nanotube. Further purifying by acid washing and water washing, centrifugal separation and drying, to obtain cluster carbon nanotube powder with diameter of 40-100 nm.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the prepared carbon nanotubes, which are in the form of clusters with diameters of about 40-100 nm.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and based on the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some technical features without creative efforts according to the disclosed technical contents, and these substitutions and modifications are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for preparing carbon nanotubes from coal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) firstly, mixing coal powder, melamine, metal ions in soluble cobalt salt or nickel salt and water according to the mass ratio of (50-100) to (1-25) to (3-10) to (25-50) to obtain a mixed solution A, putting the mixed solution A into a ball milling tank, adding steel balls, and carrying out high-energy ball milling until a uniformly dispersed slurry mixture B is obtained;
2) freeze-drying the slurry mixture B to obtain a porous block C;
3) and (3) placing the porous block C in a high-temperature atmosphere furnace at 600-1100 ℃, and sintering at high temperature in a hydrogen/argon mixed atmosphere to prepare the cluster-shaped carbon nanotube.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon nanotubes are further purified by sulfuric acid washing and deionized water washing, centrifuged, and dried to obtain carbon nanotube clusters with diameters of 40-100 nm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pulverized coal in step 1) is one or a mixture of two or more of long-flame coal, anthracite, lignite, and coking coal.
4. The method for preparing carbon nanotubes from coal according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the pulverized coal in step 1) is 40-60 mesh.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the soluble cobalt salt or nickel salt in step 1) is one or a mixture of two or more of nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel acetate, nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate, or cobalt sulfate.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the slurry mixture B in step 2) is freeze-dried until a dried porous precursor material C is obtained.
7. The method for preparing carbon nanotubes from coal according to claim 1, wherein the sintering at 600-1100 ℃ in step 3) is performed for 2-4 hours.
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CI03 Correction of invention patent

Correction item: Patentee|Address|Patentee

Correct: XI'AN JIAOTONG University|710049 No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province|Shenshupan coal mine of Xi'an Langyi Technology Development Co.,Ltd.

False: XI'AN JIAOTONG University|710049 No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province|Shenshupan coal mine of Xi'an Langyi Technology Development Co.,Ltd.

Number: 17-01

Page: The title page

Volume: 37

Correction item: Patentee|Address|Patentee

Correct: XI'AN JIAOTONG University|710049 No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province|Shenshupan coal mine of Xi'an Langyi Technology Development Co.,Ltd.

False: XI'AN JIAOTONG University|710049 No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province|Shenshupan coal mine of Xi'an Langyi Technology Development Co.,Ltd.

Number: 17-01

Volume: 37

CI03 Correction of invention patent