CN110744184A - Method for preparing micro-laminated composite material by using ultrasonic wave additive and hot isostatic pressing and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for preparing micro-laminated composite material by using ultrasonic wave additive and hot isostatic pressing and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110744184A CN110744184A CN201911253329.8A CN201911253329A CN110744184A CN 110744184 A CN110744184 A CN 110744184A CN 201911253329 A CN201911253329 A CN 201911253329A CN 110744184 A CN110744184 A CN 110744184A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/021—Isostatic pressure welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
- B23K2103/166—Multilayered materials
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of a micro-laminated composite material, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a micro-laminated composite material by using ultrasonic wave additive and hot isostatic pressing and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) fixing a first metal layer on a preheated substrate, then placing a second metal layer on the first metal layer, and rolling an ultrasonic generator on the surface of the second metal layer after the first metal layer and the second metal layer are finished so as to realize welding under the action of rolling pressure and ultrasonic vibration; (2) and (3) carrying out hot isostatic pressing heat preservation treatment on the laminated material obtained in the step (1) to obtain the laminated material. The invention utilizes the low-temperature forming characteristic of ultrasonic welding to diffuse metal atoms at the contact interface between the metal layers through the actions of vibration, friction and the like, thereby realizing solid-state metallurgical bonding. The hot isostatic pressing technology is adopted to apply pressure on the upper surface and the lower surface of the laminated composite material, so that the preparation of the micro laminated composite material with high density, good uniformity and excellent performance is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of a micro-laminated composite material, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a micro-laminated composite material by using ultrasonic wave additive and hot isostatic pressing and application thereof.
Background
The information disclosed in this background of the invention is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
The micro-laminated composite material is mainly formed by stacking multiple layers of micron-sized materials, has multiple interfaces, and has very small distance between every two interfaces, so that the comprehensive performance of the micro-laminated composite material is far higher than that of a single material under the combined action of the multiple interfaces and the small layer distance. The titanium-aluminum micro-laminated material can provide high-temperature strength and creep resistance by depending on high-temperature resistant titanium, and metal aluminum is used as a toughening element, so that the defects of high brittleness and low strength of pure titanium are well overcome. Therefore, the titanium-aluminum micro-laminated material attracts attention due to its low density, high strength at normal temperature and high temperature, high wear resistance, and high corrosion resistance at high temperature.
The preparation method of the micro-laminated composite material mainly comprises a hot pressing-diffusion compounding method, a rolling method, a vacuum sintering method, an electron beam physical vapor deposition method and the like. The hot-pressing diffusion compounding method is that two kinds of foils made of different materials are alternately stacked in a mould, then the foils are heated and pressurized to carry out diffusion compounding, and chemical reaction or mutual diffusion among atoms occurs between layers of the materials to form the laminated composite material. However, for composite metals with large differences in melting points, such as titanium and aluminum, the diffusion rate of aluminum with a lower melting point will be higher than that of titanium with a higher melting point, resulting in the tendency for vacancy agglomeration to occur in the aluminum metal layer. The rolling method is a process method for applying pressure to two materials to perform rolling deformation and compounding different metals only under the action of the pressure. Generally, in the cold rolling process, two metals do not react with each other, so in order to prepare the laminated composite material with high interface bonding force, the subsequent annealing treatment is usually adopted. The vacuum sintering is sintering under a certain vacuum degree, the porosity of the vacuum sintering is relatively low, the sintering density is high, but the vacuum degree of titanium which is easy to oxidize is high; the electron beam physical vapor deposition method is that under the vacuum condition, the electron beam high energy bombards the plating material to evaporate the metal, metal alloy or compound into vapor, and then the vapor is deposited on the surface of the substrate, the deposited layer has strong bonding force with the substrate, but the deposited layer has thinner thickness. Vacuum sintering and electron beam physical vapor deposition both require vacuum or high temperature environment, with long cycle and high cost and energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of overcoming the defects of vacancy aggregation and low material density between laminated interfaces. In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for preparing a micro laminated composite material by using ultrasonic wave additive and hot isostatic pressing and application thereof.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a microlaminated composite using ultrasonic additive and hot isostatic pressing.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the method for preparing the micro-laminated composite material by using ultrasonic wave additive and hot isostatic pressing.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention discloses the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a method for preparing a micro-laminated composite material by using ultrasonic wave additive and hot isostatic pressing, which comprises the following steps:
(1) fixing a first metal layer on a preheated substrate, then placing a second metal layer on the first metal layer, and rolling an ultrasonic generator on the surface of the second metal layer after the first metal layer and the second metal layer are finished so as to realize welding under the action of rolling pressure and ultrasonic vibration; the diffusion rates of the metals forming the first metal layer and the second metal layer are different;
(2) and (3) carrying out hot isostatic pressing heat preservation treatment on the laminated material obtained in the step (1) to obtain the laminated material.
The method of the invention is characterized in that: the metal strips are subjected to low-temperature manufacturing and forming by overlapping layer by layer. By adopting an ultrasonic additive manufacturing technology, metallurgical bonding between titanium and aluminum foil can be realized. On the basis, the interdiffusion of the titanium-aluminum interface is further promoted by utilizing the high-temperature pressure uniformity of the hot isostatic pressing, the defects of holes and the like between the micro-laminated interfaces are eliminated, and the uniform application of the hot isostatic pressing promotes the performance of the micro-laminated composite material to be more uniform.
Further, in step (1), the combination of the first metal layer and the second metal layer includes: aluminum and any combination of titanium, copper and zinc, nickel and aluminum, copper and aluminum, and the like.
Further, in the step (1), the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the first metal layer are all foil materials, such as aluminum foil, titanium foil and the like.
Further, in the step (1), the material of the substrate is the same as that of the metal layer directly contacting the substrate, for example, the first metal layer is an aluminum foil, and the corresponding substrate is an aluminum plate.
Further, in the step (1), the preheating temperature is 100-120 ℃. The preheating of the substrate mainly has two purposes, namely, the temperature difference between two layers of metal foils during ultrasonic welding is reduced, and the generation of larger thermal stress is avoided; and secondly, under the assistance of higher temperature, the degree of plastic deformation of the first layer of metal foil is smaller, and the flatness of the first layer of metal foil is ensured.
Further, in the step (1), the thickness of the metal layer is 100-200 um. Other suitable thickness ranges may be used or adjusted based thereon, such as 100.1um, 205um, etc.
Further, in the step (1), the rolling static pressure of the ultrasonic generator is 1.5-3.5 kN, the amplitude is 25-40 um, and the welding speed is 15-20 mm/s.
Optionally, when the first metal layer is an aluminum foil and the second metal layer is a titanium foil, the static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the titanium foil is 3.0-3.5 kN, the amplitude is 35-40 um, and the welding speed is 15-20 mm/s; the static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the aluminum foil is 1.5-2.0 kN, the amplitude is 25-30 um, and the welding speed is 15-20 mm/s.
Further, in the step (1), the temperature of the heat preservation treatment of the hot isostatic pressing furnace is 500-550 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 50-80 min.
Further, in the step (1), a step of cleaning the metal layer before soldering is further included, specifically: cleaning the metal layer by hydrochloric acid spirit, roughly grinding the surface by abrasive paper, then ultrasonically cleaning, finally scrubbing the surface of the metal layer by using cotton dipped with acetone, and drying after cleaning.
The invention further discloses application of the method for preparing the micro-laminated composite material by using ultrasonic wave additive and hot isostatic pressing in preparation of metal light sandwich plate structures, intelligent materials, metal matrix composite materials, functional materials and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention utilizes the low-temperature forming characteristic of ultrasonic welding to diffuse metal atoms at the contact interface between the metal layers through the actions of vibration, friction and the like, thereby realizing solid-state metallurgical bonding. On the basis, the hot isostatic pressing technology is adopted to apply pressure on the upper surface and the lower surface of the laminated composite material, and the micro laminated composite material with high density, good uniformity and excellent performance can be prepared by heat preservation at high temperature.
(2) The ultrasonic waves can effectively break oxide films, passivation films and the like on the surfaces of the titanium foil and the aluminum foil in the welding process, so that the fresh surfaces are exposed at the interface of a welding material, and meanwhile, the lower pressure provided by ultrasonic vibration roll welding promotes the fresh surfaces to be more tightly connected and combined together, so that the interface binding force is improved.
(3) The invention prepares the micro-laminated composite material with integrated structure and function by a layer-by-layer superposition manufacturing and hot isostatic pressing uniform treatment method, and the micron-scale multi-interface effect in the composite material can overcome the defects of poor plasticity and low fracture toughness of titanium alloy. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic additive manufacturing process is a solid-state welding forming process, the mechanism is that the interface combination of a metal layer is realized by means of the plastic deformation of a laminated micro interface and a dynamic recrystallization process, the manufacturing temperature is low, and the uniformity of hot isostatic pressure is exerted, so that the residual internal stress in the laminated composite material is small, the structure is stable, the interface combination is good, and the defects of cracks and micro holes are avoided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is an optical micrograph of a microlaminate composite prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is an optical micrograph of the interfacial bond of the microlaminate composite prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As previously described, for composite metals having widely different melting points, the diffusion rate of the metal atoms having a lower melting point is higher than that of the metal atoms having a higher melting point, resulting in the tendency of vacancy aggregation in the former metal layer. Therefore, the invention provides a method for preparing a micro-laminated composite material by using ultrasonic wave additive and hot isostatic pressing; the invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for preparing a micro-laminated composite material by using ultrasonic wave additive and hot isostatic pressing comprises the following steps:
(1) TA1 titanium foil and 1060 aluminum foil both 100um in thickness were subjected to surface treatment: the specific process comprises the steps of cleaning two kinds of metal foils by adopting hydrochloric acid alcohol with the mass concentration of 3%, roughly grinding the surfaces by using sand paper, then placing the metal foils into an ultrasonic cleaning machine for cleaning, finally scrubbing the surfaces of the foils by using cotton dipped with acetone until the surfaces are thoroughly cleaned, and then drying the surfaces by using a blower.
(2) Firstly fixing a layer of 1060 aluminum foil on a preheated aluminum substrate (100 ℃), then placing a layer of TA1 titanium foil, and then rolling on the surface of the titanium foil by adopting an ultrasonic generator to weld the titanium foil and the aluminum foil under the rolling pressure and the ultrasonic vibration; the static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the titanium foil is 3.0kN, the amplitude is 35um, and the welding speed is 15 mm/s; the static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the aluminum foil is 1.5kN, the amplitude is 25um, and the welding speed is 15 mm/s.
(3) On the TA1 titanium foil, a further 1060 aluminum foil was placed and ultrasonic welding was carried out on the surface of the aluminum foil, so that the aluminum foil and the titanium foil were alternately laminated on top of one another for additive manufacturing, for a total of 27 layers. The static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the titanium foil is 3.0kN, the amplitude is 35um, and the welding speed is 15 mm/s; the static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the aluminum foil is 1.5kN, the amplitude is 25um, and the welding speed is 15 mm/s.
(4) And (3) placing the laminated composite material which is manufactured by the additive in a crucible, and then placing the crucible in a hot isostatic pressing furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 80 min.
(5) And after the heat preservation is finished, cooling to 100 ℃, and taking out the laminated composite material to obtain the TA1-1060 micro laminated composite material with the thickness of 2.5mm, wherein the interface combination is good, and no crack or micro hole defect is generated at the interface as shown in figures 1 and 2.
Example 2
A method for preparing a micro-laminated composite material by using ultrasonic wave additive and hot isostatic pressing comprises the following steps:
(1) TA1 titanium foil and 1060 aluminum foil, both 150um thick, were surface treated: the specific process comprises the steps of cleaning two kinds of metal foils by adopting hydrochloric acid alcohol with the mass concentration of 3%, roughly grinding the surfaces by using sand paper, then placing the metal foils into an ultrasonic cleaning machine for cleaning, finally scrubbing the surfaces of the foils by using cotton dipped with acetone until the surfaces are thoroughly cleaned, and then drying the surfaces by using a blower.
(2) Firstly fixing a layer of 1060 aluminum foil on a preheated aluminum substrate (110 ℃), then placing a layer of TA1 titanium foil, and then rolling on the surface of the titanium foil by adopting an ultrasonic generator to weld the titanium foil and the aluminum foil under the rolling pressure and the ultrasonic vibration; the static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the titanium foil is 3.2kN, the amplitude is 40um, and the welding speed is 20 mm/s; the static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the aluminum foil is 2.2kN, the amplitude is 30um, and the welding speed is 15 mm/s.
(3) On the TA1 titanium foil, a further 1060 aluminium foil was placed and ultrasonic welding was carried out on the surface of the aluminium foil, so that the aluminium foil and the titanium foil were produced in additive manufacturing, alternately layer on top of each other, for a total of 25 layers. The static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the titanium foil is 3.2kN, the amplitude is 40um, and the welding speed is 20 mm/s; the static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the aluminum foil is 2.2kN, the amplitude is 30um, and the welding speed is 15 mm/s.
(4) And (3) placing the laminated composite material which is manufactured by the additive in a crucible, and then placing the crucible in a hot isostatic pressing furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 550 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 50 min.
(5) After the heat preservation is finished, when the temperature is cooled to 100 ℃, the laminated composite material is taken out, so that TA1-1060 micro laminated composite material with the thickness of 3.5mm is obtained, and the microscopic observation shows that: the micro-laminated composite material has good interface combination and no crack and micro-hole defects at the interface.
Example 3
A method for preparing a micro-laminated composite material by using ultrasonic wave additive and hot isostatic pressing comprises the following steps:
(1) TA1 titanium foil and 1060 aluminum foil both 200um in thickness were subjected to surface treatment: the specific process comprises the steps of cleaning two kinds of metal foils by adopting hydrochloric acid alcohol with the mass concentration of 3%, roughly grinding the surfaces by using sand paper, then placing the metal foils into an ultrasonic cleaning machine for cleaning, finally scrubbing the surfaces of the foils by using cotton dipped with acetone until the surfaces are thoroughly cleaned, and then drying the surfaces by using a blower.
(2) Firstly fixing a layer of 1060 aluminum foil on a preheated aluminum substrate (120 ℃), then placing a layer of TA1 titanium foil, and then rolling on the surface of the titanium foil by adopting an ultrasonic generator to weld the titanium foil and the aluminum foil under the rolling pressure and the ultrasonic vibration; the static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the titanium foil is 3.5kN, the amplitude is 40um, and the welding speed is 15 mm/s; the static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the aluminum foil is 2.0kN, the amplitude is 30um, and the welding speed is 20 mm/s.
(3) On the TA1 titanium foil, a further 1060 aluminium foil was placed and ultrasonic welding was carried out on the surface of the aluminium foil, so that the aluminium foil and the titanium foil were produced in additive manufacturing, alternately layer on top of each other, for a total of 29 layers. The static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the titanium foil is 3.5kN, the amplitude is 40um, and the welding speed is 15 mm/s; the static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the aluminum foil is 2.0kN, the amplitude is 30um, and the welding speed is 20 mm/s.
(4) And (3) placing the laminated composite material which is subjected to additive manufacturing into a crucible, and then placing the crucible into a hot isostatic pressing furnace for heating and heat preservation, wherein the heating temperature is 530 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 60 min.
(5) After the heat preservation is finished, when the temperature is cooled to 100 ℃, the laminated composite material is taken out to obtain a TA1-1060 micro laminated composite material with the thickness of 5.0mm, and the microscopic observation shows that: the micro-laminated composite material has good interface combination and no crack and micro-hole defects at the interface.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a micro-laminated composite material by using ultrasonic wave additive and hot isostatic pressing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fixing a first metal layer on a preheated substrate, then placing a second metal layer on the first metal layer, and rolling an ultrasonic generator on the surface of the second metal layer after the first metal layer and the second metal layer are finished so as to realize welding under the action of rolling pressure and ultrasonic vibration; the diffusion rates of the metals forming the first metal layer and the second metal layer are different;
(2) and (3) carrying out hot isostatic pressing heat preservation treatment on the laminated material obtained in the step (1) to obtain the laminated material.
2. The method of using ultrasonic additive and hot isostatic pressing for making a microlaminate composite of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the combination of said first and second metal layers comprises: aluminum and any combination of titanium, copper and zinc, nickel and aluminum, copper and aluminum.
3. The method of using ultrasonic additive and hot isostatic pressing for producing a microlaminated composite according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), said first metal layer, said second metal layer and each are foil, preferably aluminum foil and titanium foil.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the substrate is made of the same material as the metal layer in direct contact with the substrate, preferably the first metal layer is aluminum foil and the corresponding substrate is aluminum plate.
5. The method of preparing a microlaminated composite material by ultrasonic additive and hot isostatic pressing according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), said preheating temperature is 100-120 ℃.
6. The method of preparing a microlaminated composite by ultrasonic additive and hot isostatic pressing according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein in step (1), said metal layer has a thickness of 100-200 um.
7. The method for preparing a micro-laminated composite material by ultrasonic additive and hot isostatic pressing according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein in step (1), the static pressure of the rolling of the ultrasonic generator is 1.5-3.5 kN, the amplitude is 25-40 um, and the welding speed is 15-20 mm/s.
8. The method of preparing a micro-laminated composite material by ultrasonic additive and hot isostatic pressing according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein when the first metal layer is an aluminum foil and the second metal layer is a titanium foil, the static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the titanium foil is 3.0 to 3.5kN, the amplitude is 35 to 40 μm, and the welding speed is 15 to 20 mm/s; the static pressure of the ultrasonic generator rolling on the surface of the aluminum foil is 1.5-2.0 kN, the amplitude is 25-30 um, and the welding speed is 15-20 mm/s.
9. The method for preparing a micro-laminated composite material by ultrasonic additive and hot isostatic pressing according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein in the step (1), the temperature of the heat preservation treatment of the hot isostatic pressing furnace is 500-550 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 50-80 min.
10. Use of the method of manufacturing a microlaminate composite using ultrasonic additive and hot isostatic pressing according to any one of claims 1-9 in the manufacture of metal lightweight sandwich panel structures, smart materials, metal matrix composites and functional materials.
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