CN110739751A - lithium battery and charge-discharge state monitoring method thereof - Google Patents

lithium battery and charge-discharge state monitoring method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110739751A
CN110739751A CN201911009976.4A CN201911009976A CN110739751A CN 110739751 A CN110739751 A CN 110739751A CN 201911009976 A CN201911009976 A CN 201911009976A CN 110739751 A CN110739751 A CN 110739751A
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charging
battery
lithium battery
voltage
intelligent
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孙富
董杉木
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Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology of CAS
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Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology of CAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/488—Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to lithium batteries which comprise a shell, a charging circuit, a lithium battery body and a chip, wherein the charging circuit, the lithium battery body and the chip are arranged in the shell, the shell is provided with a positive lug and a negative lug which are connected with the charging circuit, the chip is respectively connected with the charging circuit and a USB interface arranged on the shell, the charging circuit is connected with the lithium battery body, and the lithium battery body is charged and discharged through the charging circuit.

Description

lithium battery and charge-discharge state monitoring method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy storage and utilization technology, in particular to lithium batteries which have reasonable structural design and wide application range of and can reliably read battery use records and the real-time battery health state and a charge and discharge state monitoring method thereof.
Background
In the last 90 th century, the lithium ion battery successfully realized commercial application by sony corporation has the advantages of high energy density, high open-circuit voltage, large output power, low self-discharge rate, wide working temperature range and the like, and is widely applied to various mobile consumer electronic products such as smart phones, notebook computers and digital cameras by , along with the development of times and the progress of science and technology, besides the traditional consumer electronic products, the application field of the lithium ion battery is gradually expanded to newly emerging industries such as unmanned planes, intelligent robots, intelligent sound boxes, wearable equipment, electric hand tools, electric bicycles, pure electric vehicles, large green energy storage power stations, aerospace equipment and the like.
However, in the actual use process, the user may not accurately know important parameters of the lithium ion battery, which may cause serious consequences, and the event that the electric vehicle suddenly breaks down and has a car accident occurs on the expressway due to the fact that the battery management system of the electric vehicle cannot accurately predict the remaining capacity of the battery.
Taking a smart phone battery as an example, a smart phone sold in the market basically relies on an independent battery management system to perform real-time monitoring and management on a lithium battery. The method can avoid redesign of the lithium battery and simplify the complexity of the internal circuit of the battery. However, this method makes the software algorithm of the battery management system on the mobile phone side very complicated, and cannot detect the self-discharge behavior of the battery itself in real time. However, since the capacity and performance of the lithium battery may change with the conditions such as the temperature of the battery working environment, the number of charging and discharging times, and the service time, the battery management system at the mobile phone side cannot accurately predict the remaining service life of the battery at present. According to the above analysis, currently, the battery management system separated from the lithium battery cannot accurately and reliably judge important parameters of the lithium battery, such as the actual remaining battery capacity, the instant health state, the actual remaining battery service life, and the like.
The problem may be solved by integrating a battery management system with a lithium battery by , chinese CN109038708A patent discloses kinds of intelligent lithium batteries, which include a plurality of intelligent lithium battery units for controlling a battery pack, and an intelligent battery pack management module for managing and controlling the intelligent lithium battery units, where the intelligent management module in each intelligent lithium battery unit is only limited to monitoring the battery unit for independent charging and discharging, input and output voltages, and the parameters such as the ambient temperature, the internal temperature, the charging and discharging current, the charging and discharging electric quantity, the charging and discharging working time, and the health state of the battery are not monitored and managed for the battery unit in each charging and discharging processes.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the actual residual battery capacity, the instant health state and the actual residual battery service life of the lithium battery cannot be accurately and reliably judged in the using process of the conventional lithium battery, the invention provides novel intelligent rechargeable lithium battery and a charging and discharging state monitoring method thereof, wherein the novel intelligent rechargeable lithium battery is reasonable in structural design, high in reliability and wide in application range of .
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme includes that lithium batteries comprise a shell, and a charging circuit, a lithium battery body and a chip which are arranged in the shell, wherein the shell is provided with a positive electrode lug and a negative electrode lug which are connected with the charging circuit, the chip is respectively connected with the charging circuit and a USB interface arranged on the shell, the charging circuit is connected with the lithium battery body, and the lithium battery body is charged and discharged through the charging circuit to realize the storage and the release of electric energy.
The lithium battery body comprises a diaphragm, a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
The charging circuit includes: the charging circuit comprises an adjustable voltage stabilizing circuit, an adjustable constant current circuit and a charging indicating circuit.
The adjustable voltage stabilizing circuit and the adjustable constant current circuit comprise 3 branches connected in parallel between the anode and the cathode of an input end and an output end, wherein the th branch comprises a resistor R3 and a triode Q2 which are connected in parallel and then connected with a controllable precise voltage stabilizing source TL431, the second branch is an adjustable resistor W1, and the third branch is a triode Q3, an adjustable resistor W2 and a resistor R5 which are connected in sequence.
The charge indication circuit includes: the positive electrode of the input end is connected with the collector of a triode Q2 through a resistor R1, the positive electrode of the input end is connected with the emitter of a triode Q1, the base of the triode Q1 is connected with the collector of a triode Q2 through a resistor R2, and the collector of a triode Q1 is connected with the positive electrode of the output end through a light-emitting diode LED and a resistor R4.
An AC/DC circuit for converting 220V commercial power into direct current is connected between the input end of the charging circuit and the positive and negative lugs, the AC/DC circuit comprises a bridge rectifier circuit connected after the 220V commercial power is reduced in voltage by a transformer T, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4 are connected between the bridge rectifier circuit and the output end in parallel, a three-terminal voltage regulator LM7805 is connected between the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3, and the other end of the three-terminal voltage regulator LM7805 is grounded.
The SD card or the LED display screen is arranged on the shell and is electrically connected with the chip (6); the lithium battery temperature measurement device is characterized by further comprising a digital temperature sensor (11) which is arranged in the shell and used for measuring the internal temperature of the lithium battery and a digital temperature sensor (12) which is arranged outside the shell and used for measuring the ambient temperature, wherein the digital temperature sensor, the digital temperature sensor and the chip are electrically connected.
A method for monitoring the charge and discharge state of lithium battery includes the following steps:
and charging management: when an external power supply is connected to the positive electrode lug and the negative electrode lug of the intelligent lithium battery, the chip detects the power-on voltage in real time, and controls the AC/DC circuit to work and output direct current to charge the battery if the power is commercial power; the chip detects the charging voltage of the battery in real time, if the charging voltage of the battery is U1To the charge cut-off voltage U2Skipping the constant-current charging process and directly executing the constant-voltage variable-current charging process, or else executing the constant-current charging process;
and a state monitoring step: in the charging process, the chip detects whether a charging completion excitation signal sent by the intelligent charging management step is received or not in real time, stores the charging current I and the charging time T detected in the intelligent charging management step, and records the internal temperature data T of the lithium battery returned by the digital temperature sensor and the digital temperature sensorinAnd external ambient temperature data Tout(ii) a Starting an intelligent data processing step until an excitation signal output instruction of finishing charging is received, and simultaneously saving data returned by the intelligent data processing step until the intelligent data processing step is finished;
and (3) data processing: when the excitation signal that intelligent battery state monitoring step sent, the chip is automatic to open predetermined data processing and analysis, includes: automatically updating the recorded charging times and recording the external environment temperature data T during chargingoutCalculating the charging electric quantity through the charging current and the charging time, and calculating the ratio of the charging capacity to the last charging capacity to calculate the capacity reduction percentage of the batteryAnd judging the instant health state of the lithium battery according to the data of the charging record and the standard capacity of the battery when the battery leaves the factory, recording the actual battery capacity and predicting the actual service life of the residual battery.
The constant current charging process comprises the following steps: using a predetermined current I1Charging the intelligent battery until the battery charging voltage U1To the charge cut-off voltage U2。
The constant voltage and variable current charging process comprises charging the battery at a charging voltage U1To the charge cut-off voltage U2While charging voltage is kept U2Constant, charging current I2And the charging current is gradually reduced until the charging current reaches a preset value, the intelligent lithium battery is charged, and a charging completion excitation signal is output.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the intelligent battery state monitoring method is characterized in that a traditional mode of separately managing the battery by a lithium battery and a battery management system is avoided, the lithium battery and the battery management system are efficiently and intelligently integrated , an intelligent battery state monitoring step is newly added, the charging and discharging current, the charging and discharging time, the internal and external working temperatures of the battery, the charging and discharging times and other parameters in the charging and discharging process of each times of the lithium battery are accurately recorded, an intelligent data processing step is newly added, deep data processing and analysis are carried out on each times of use of the lithium battery, the actual electric quantity in the charging and discharging process of the battery is accurately calculated, the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery is accurately judged, the actual residual capacity of the battery, the instant health state of the battery, the actual residual battery service life and other important parameters are accurately calculated, a data storage SD card or a data LED display screen and an external data reading USB card slot are newly added, and a battery user can conveniently know the use history of the lithium battery in time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a smart lithium battery;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lithium battery charging curve;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of intelligent charge and discharge monitoring and data processing;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a change from mains voltage to dc charging current;
FIG. 5 is a charging circuit diagram;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a processing chip;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of power management of a smart processing chip;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of current sampling of the smart processing chip;
FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of the connection of the smart processing chip for charge completion read;
FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of an SD card connected to an intelligent processing chip;
FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of a liquid crystal display connected to the intelligent processing chip;
in the figure: 1. a negative tab of a lithium battery; 2. a positive tab of a lithium battery; 3. a lithium battery case; 4. a data storage SD card or a data LED display screen; 5. an external data reading USB interface; 6. an intelligent chip; 7. a charging circuit; 9. a lithium battery separator; 8. a lithium battery positive electrode; 10. a negative electrode of a lithium battery; 11. an internal digital temperature sensor; 12. an external digital temperature sensor; 13. lithium cell body.
Detailed Description
For purposes of making the present invention more apparent and the technical solutions thereof, the present invention will be described in detail in with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it is to be understood that the specific examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses kinds of intelligent lithium batteries, which specifically include a negative electrode tab 1 and a positive electrode tab 2 of a lithium battery, a lithium battery case 3, a data storage SD card or a data LED display screen 4, an external data reading USB interface 5, a lithium battery intelligent chip 6, a charging circuit 7, a lithium battery diaphragm 9, a lithium battery positive electrode 8 and a lithium battery negative electrode 10, digital temperature sensors 11 and 12, and a lithium battery body 13.
The positive and negative electrode lugs 1 and 2 are arranged on the lithium battery shell 3, are connected with the positive and negative electrodes in the lithium battery and serve as leads for charging and discharging of the lithium battery.
The lithium battery shell 3 is made of aluminum-plastic film or stainless steel and is used for sealing and protecting the whole lithium battery.
And the data storage SD card or the data LED display screen 4 is arranged on the lithium battery shell 3 and is connected with the lithium battery intelligent chip 6. The data storage SD card or the data LED display screen 4 is used to store or display data generated during the charging and discharging process, such as charging and discharging current, charging and discharging time, working temperature inside and outside the battery during the charging and discharging process, charging and discharging frequency, electric quantity during the charging and discharging process of the battery, efficiency during the charging and discharging process, and important parameters for determining the actual remaining capacity of the battery, the instant health state of the battery, and the actual service life of the remaining battery.
And the external data reading USB interface 5 is arranged on the lithium battery shell 3 and is connected with the lithium battery intelligent chip 6. The external data reading USB interface 5 is used for reading data generated in the charging process, such as charging and discharging current, charging and discharging time, internal and external working temperatures of the battery in the charging and discharging process, charging and discharging times, electric quantity of the battery in the charging and discharging process, efficiency in the charging and discharging process, and external reading of important parameters such as the actual remaining capacity of the battery, the instant health state of the battery, and the actual service life of the remaining battery, by using a USB connection.
The intelligent chip 6 of the lithium battery is arranged in the lithium battery and is mainly used for executing the following program steps, including the steps of intelligent charging and discharging management, intelligent battery state monitoring and intelligent data processing. The main function is for carrying out intelligent charging to the lithium cell, carries out real-time detection and record to the service behavior of lithium cell to judge the health status of lithium cell.
The lithium battery diaphragm 9 can be made of a Polyethylene (PE) film or a polypropylene (PP) film and is mainly used for separating the positive electrode and the negative electrode 8 of the lithium battery from the negative electrode 10 of the lithium battery and preventing the internal short circuit of the battery.
The materials of the lithium battery anode 8 and the lithium battery cathode 10 can be lithium cobaltate and graphite respectively, and the main function is to ensure that the lithium battery provides normal voltage.
The digital temperature sensors 11 and 12 mainly function to detect the external ambient temperature and the internal temperature of the battery during the operation of the battery, and provide a factual support for determining the health status of the battery.
The intelligent charging management method has the main functions of optimizing the lithium battery charging scheme, intelligently managing the charging mode according to the actual charging voltage and the charging current, preventing the lithium battery from being overcharged and undercharged, preventing the lithium battery from being short-circuited in the charging process and preventing the current from being overlarge.
The intelligent battery state detection step mainly has the functions of monitoring and detecting parameters such as charging and discharging current, charging and discharging time, internal and external working temperature and charging and discharging times of the lithium battery in the charging and discharging processes in real time.
The intelligent data processing step mainly has the functions of processing and analyzing data output in the intelligent battery state detection step, and comprises parameters of calculating the electric quantity in the battery charging and discharging process and the efficiency in the charging and discharging process, judging the actual battery residual capacity, judging the instant battery health state, prolonging the actual residual battery service life and the like.
And the data storage SD card or the data LED display screen 4 is used for storing and displaying data generated in the steps of intelligent battery state detection and intelligent data processing in the charging and discharging processes.
Next, the capacity was 1000mAh, and the charge cut-off voltage was U2The working steps of the intelligent lithium ion battery during charging are explained by taking an STM32F103C8T6 microprocessor integrating an intelligent charging management step and a charging battery state monitoring step as an intelligent data processing center. The charging curve of the intelligent lithium battery is shown in fig. 2, and the work flow of the intelligent charging management step, the lithium intelligent battery state monitoring step and the intelligent data processing step is shown in fig. 3.
The circuit diagram for converting mains voltage into direct current charging current is shown in fig. 4, an input end is connected with mains power supply, N1 and N2 are the turns of a voltage transformer, the circuit after voltage reduction is connected with a bridge rectifier circuit, and the purpose is to rectify sinusoidal alternating-current voltage with alternating positive and negative into unidirectional pulse voltage, a filter capacitor C1 is connected with the bridge rectifier in parallel, the main function is to filter rectified pulsating waveforms into direct-current voltage with small pulsating waveforms, the self-excitation capacitor C2 is prevented from being connected with C1 in parallel, the main purpose is to provide stable direct-current voltage for the step of advancing of LM7805, a three-terminal voltage stabilizer LM7805 is connected with filter capacitors C3 and C4 in parallel, the main purpose is to output direct-current output voltage with high precision and good stability, the specific structure of an AC/DC circuit for converting 220V mains power into direct current comprises that the mains power is connected with the rectifier circuit after passing through a transformer T, a filter capacitor C1, a filter capacitor C2, a self-excitation capacitor C3 and a self-excitation capacitor C2, a self-excitation capacitor LM 7884, and a three-terminal voltage stabilizer is connected between the bridge rectifier circuit and the output end LM.
FIG. 5 is a charging circuit diagram, wherein Q, R, TL431 and W form a precise adjustable voltage stabilizing circuit, the voltage of the charged battery is regulated, Q, W and R form an adjustable constant current circuit, the charging current of the charged battery is shared, Q, R, LED and R are charging indicating circuits, the working state of a charger is indicated, when the voltage of the charged battery is gradually increased, the voltage of the voltage stabilizing circuit formed by Q, R, TL431 and W is also gradually increased, the voltage of R is gradually reduced, and finally the Q is cut off, an LED lamp is changed.
The control circuit includes: the core processor adopts STM32F103C8T6 as an intelligent processing chip (as shown in fig. 6), a power management unit (as shown in fig. 7) for supplying power to the intelligent processing chip, a current sampling unit (as shown in fig. 8) of the intelligent processing chip, a charging completion reading unit (as shown in fig. 9) of the intelligent processing chip, an SD card storage unit (as shown in fig. 10) connected with the intelligent processing chip, and an LCD1602 liquid crystal display unit (as shown in fig. 11) connected with the intelligent processing chip.
In fig. 6, pin 1 of the smart processing chip is connected to a 3.3V power supply, a crystal oscillator Y1 is connected in parallel between pins 3 and 4, pin 3 is grounded through a capacitor C2, and pin 4 is grounded through C3. A crystal oscillator Y2 and a resistor R2 are connected between the pins 5 and 6 in parallel, the pin 5 is grounded through a capacitor C6, and the pin 6 is grounded through a capacitor C7. Pin 8 is connected to ground, and pin 9 is connected to 3.3V power supply and then to ground through capacitor C8. Pin 11(ADC1 signal) is connected to the ADC1 signal (current sample signal) in fig. 8. Pin 13(PA3 signal) is connected to the PA3 signal (charge complete read signal) in fig. 9. Pins 14-17 connect pins 1, 2, 5, and 7, respectively, of the SD card memory unit in fig. 10. Pins 20-22 are connected to pins 4-6, respectively, of the LCD1602 LCD unit of fig. 11. Pin 23 is connected to ground, pin 24 is connected to a 3.3V power supply, and a capacitor C10 is connected between pin 23 and pin 24. Pin 35 is connected to ground, pin 36 is connected to a 3.3V power supply, and a capacitor C5 is connected between pin 35 and pin 36.
In fig. 7, the processing chip STM32F103C8T6 is powered by adjusting the 5 volt input voltage to a 3.3 volt regulated output voltage using voltage regulator ASM 1117. The ASM1117 pin 3 is connected with an input 5V voltage, the pin 1 is grounded, and the pin 2 and the pin 4 are connected with an auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit comprises a capacitor C15, a capacitor C16, an LED indicator light D4, a resistor R6 and a 3.3V voltage output end. The 3.3V voltage output is connected to the 3.3V input in fig. 6.
In fig. 8, in the current sampling unit of the smart processing chip, the terminal P2 is connected to the 3.3V power supply through the sliding resistor R4 via the diode D1, grounded through the diode D2, and outputs the ADC1 signal to the pin 11 of the smart processing chip, and the terminal P2 is also connected in series to the output terminal in fig. 4. In fig. 9, the charge completion read unit, PA3 signal (charge completion read signal) is connected to terminal P4, and terminal P4 is also connected in parallel to the output terminal in fig. 4.
When the external power supply is connected to the positive and negative electrode tabs 1 and 2 of the intelligent lithium battery, the steps of intelligent charging management are executed, and the specific working flow is shown as the steps of the intelligent charging management program in fig. 3. First, the voltage is determined. If the power-on voltage is the mains supply, the mains supply is firstly subjected to AC/DC conversion. If U is present1＝U2And the battery directly enters the constant-voltage variable-current charging process by skipping the constant-current charging process. If U is present1<U2Then, the preset current I is used1It should be noted that , under the condition of using or long-term standing, the battery voltage of the lithium battery is smaller than the charging cut-off voltage U2. When the battery starts to operate at constant current I1When the intelligent battery is charged, the intelligent battery state monitoring program is triggered to work. The procedural steps of the intelligent battery condition monitoring will be described in detail in the following paragraphs. When the battery takes the current as I1When charging is carried out at constant current, the battery voltage is continuously detected, and if the battery voltage U does not reach the charging cut-off voltage U2Then continue to be I1And charging is carried out. If the battery voltage reaches the charge cut-off voltage U2As shown in the battery voltage curve of fig. 2, the constant voltage and variable current charging mode is turned on to continue charging the battery. During the charging process, the charging voltage U is equal to U2Keeping constant, charging current I ═ I2Will gradually decrease until the charging current reaches the preset value I2＝Imin0.1C-100 mA as shown in the charging current curve in fig. 2. At constant voltage, variable current I2In the charging process, the charging current is continuously detected, and if the charging current is I2>IminAnd then the charging current continues to be reduced and the intelligent lithium battery is continuously charged. If the charging current I2＝IminAnd stopping charging the intelligent lithium battery. Except for havingBesides the normal charging function, the intelligent chip 6 also has the functions of detecting whether the battery is reversely connected, over-charging and under-charging protection, and preventing the battery from short-circuiting in the charging process of the battery. And also has the functions of charging process, indication when charging is completed, and the like.
When a constant current I is applied1The procedure step of intelligent battery state monitoring can be triggered when the intelligent lithium battery is charged by the size. The flow of the program steps of the intelligent battery state monitoring is shown in fig. 3.
After the intelligent battery state monitoring program is started, the upper recorded data saved in the data register are read first.
And storing the charging current I and the charging time t detected in the intelligent charging management step in the charging process.
In addition, temperature data T generated by digital temperature sensors arranged inside and outside the battery is recorded simultaneouslyoutAnd Tin。
And in the data recording process, the chip (6) continuously detects whether a charging completion excitation signal sent by the intelligent charging management step is received. And if the charging completion excitation signal sent by the intelligent charging management step is not received, continuously recording the transmitted data. And if receiving a charging completion excitation signal sent by the intelligent charging management step, starting the intelligent data processing step, and storing data returned by the intelligent data processing step. The main function of the intelligent data processing step will be explained in the next section. And after the intelligent battery state monitoring step stores all the data returned by the intelligent data processing step, the intelligent battery state monitoring step is automatically ended.
And after the intelligent data processing step receives the excitation signal sent by the intelligent battery state monitoring step, automatically starting a preset data processing and analyzing algorithm. For example, the number of times the lithium battery is charged is automatically updated: and n is n +1, the working environment temperature of the battery during charging is recorded, the charging electric quantity is calculated through the charging current and the charging time, and the ratio of the charging capacity to the last charging capacity is calculated to calculate the capacity reduction percentage of the battery and the like. And judging the instant health state (capacity residual percentage) of the lithium battery, the actual battery capacity, the predicted actual residual battery service life and the like according to all charging records and the standard capacity of the battery when the battery leaves a factory. The above parameters are returned to the intelligent condition monitoring step for storage. The parameters can be read by the data storage SD card or the data LED display screen 4, and can also be read by the external data reading USB card slot 5. The parameters provide real and reliable battery parameters for users, so that the use experience of the users is greatly improved, and the work use efficiency of the intelligent lithium battery is improved.
The preferred embodiments described above are merely exemplary of the disclosed examples, and all changes and modifications that can be made to the disclosed examples by equivalent substitutions or by equivalent changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

  1. The lithium battery is characterized by comprising a shell (3), a charging circuit (7) arranged in the shell, a lithium battery body (13) and a chip (6), wherein the shell (3) is provided with a positive lug (1) and a negative lug (2) which are connected with the charging circuit (7), the chip (6) is respectively connected with the charging circuit (7) and a USB interface (5) arranged on the shell, the charging circuit (7) is connected with the lithium battery body (13), and the lithium battery body (13) is charged and discharged through the charging circuit (7) to realize the storage and release of electric energy.
  2. 2. lithium battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, the lithium battery body (13) includes a separator (9) and a positive electrode (8) and a negative electrode (10).
  3. 3. The lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the charging circuit (7) comprises a regulated voltage regulator circuit (71), a regulated constant current circuit (72) and a charge indicator circuit (73).
  4. 4. The lithium battery of claim 3, wherein the adjustable voltage regulator circuit (71) and the adjustable constant current circuit (72) comprise 3 branches connected in parallel between the positive and negative electrodes of the input and output terminals, the branch comprises a resistor R3, a triode Q2 is connected in parallel and then connected with a controllable precision voltage regulator TL431, the second branch is an adjustable resistor W1, and the third branch is a triode Q3, an adjustable resistor W2 and a resistor R5 which are connected in sequence.
  5. 5. The lithium battery as claimed in claim 3, wherein the charge indicator circuit (73) comprises an input terminal anode connected to the collector of the transistor Q2 through a resistor R1, an input terminal anode connected to the emitter of the transistor Q1, a base of the transistor Q1 connected to the collector of the transistor Q2 through a resistor R2, and a collector of the transistor Q1 connected to the output terminal anode through a light emitting diode LED and a resistor R4.
  6. 6. The lithium batteries of claim 3, wherein an AC/DC circuit for converting 220V commercial power into DC power is connected between the input terminal and the positive and negative ears of the charging circuit (7), comprising a bridge rectifier circuit connected to the 220V commercial power after being stepped down by a transformer T, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a three-terminal regulator LM7805 connected between the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 in parallel, and the other terminal of the three-terminal regulator LM7805 grounded.
  7. 7. The lithium battery according to any one of claims 1-6 and , further comprising an SD card or an LED display screen disposed on the housing and electrically connected to the chip (6), a digital temperature sensor (11) disposed inside the housing for measuring an internal temperature of the lithium battery, and a digital temperature sensor (12) disposed outside the housing for measuring an ambient temperature, wherein the digital temperature sensor (11) and the digital temperature sensor (12) are electrically connected to the chip (6).
  8. 8. The method for monitoring the charge/discharge status of lithium batteries according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
    and charging management: when the external power supply is connected to the positive electrode lug (1) and the negative electrode lug (2) of the intelligent lithium batteryThe chip (6) detects the power-on voltage in real time, and controls the AC/DC circuit to work and output direct current to charge the battery if the power-on voltage is commercial power; the chip (6) detects the charging voltage of the battery in real time, if the charging voltage of the battery is U1To the charge cut-off voltage U2Skipping the constant-current charging process and directly executing the constant-voltage variable-current charging process, or else executing the constant-current charging process;
    and a state monitoring step: in the charging process, the chip (6) detects whether a charging completion excitation signal sent by the intelligent charging management step is received or not in real time, stores the charging current I and the charging time T detected in the intelligent charging management step, and records the internal temperature data T of the lithium battery returned by the digital temperature sensor (11) and the digital temperature sensor (12) at the same timeinAnd external ambient temperature data Tout(ii) a Starting an intelligent data processing step until an excitation signal output instruction of finishing charging is received, and simultaneously saving data returned by the intelligent data processing step until the intelligent data processing step is finished;
    and (3) data processing: after the excitation signal that intelligent battery state monitoring step sent, chip (6) automatic start preset data processing and analysis, include: automatically updating the recorded charging times and recording the external environment temperature data T during chargingoutCalculating the charging electric quantity through the charging current and the charging time, calculating the ratio of the charging capacity to the last charging capacity to calculate the capacity reduction percentage of the battery, judging the instant health state of the lithium battery according to the data of the charging record and the standard capacity of the battery when the battery leaves the factory, recording the actual battery capacity, and predicting the service life of the actual residual battery.
  9. 9. The method for monitoring the charging and discharging states of lithium batteries according to claim 8, wherein the constant current charging process includes applying a predetermined current I1Charging the intelligent battery until the battery charging voltage U1To the charge cut-off voltage U2。
  10. 10. The kinds of lithium battery as claimed in claim 8, which is charged and dischargedThe state monitoring method is characterized in that the constant-voltage variable-current charging process comprises the step of charging a battery at a voltage U1To the charge cut-off voltage U2While charging voltage is kept U2Constant, charging current I2And the charging current is gradually reduced until the charging current reaches a preset value, the intelligent lithium battery is charged, and a charging completion excitation signal is output.
CN201911009976.4A 2019-10-23 2019-10-23 lithium battery and charge-discharge state monitoring method thereof Pending CN110739751A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112793456A (en) * 2021-02-04 2021-05-14 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 Charging control structure and strategy for vehicle combining external environment temperature and terminal temperature rise
WO2021218184A1 (en) * 2020-04-30 2021-11-04 歌尔股份有限公司 Battery power display method and apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium
CN113782811A (en) * 2021-09-13 2021-12-10 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Electric equipment and method for heating electrochemical device

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021218184A1 (en) * 2020-04-30 2021-11-04 歌尔股份有限公司 Battery power display method and apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium
CN112793456A (en) * 2021-02-04 2021-05-14 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 Charging control structure and strategy for vehicle combining external environment temperature and terminal temperature rise
CN113782811A (en) * 2021-09-13 2021-12-10 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Electric equipment and method for heating electrochemical device
CN113782811B (en) * 2021-09-13 2023-02-28 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Electric equipment and method for heating electrochemical device

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