CN110739472A - remote power supply method and power supply system - Google Patents
remote power supply method and power supply system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110739472A CN110739472A CN201910654228.5A CN201910654228A CN110739472A CN 110739472 A CN110739472 A CN 110739472A CN 201910654228 A CN201910654228 A CN 201910654228A CN 110739472 A CN110739472 A CN 110739472A
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 186
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910002430 Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910002437 Ce0.8Sm0.2O2−δ Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002505 Co0.8Fe0.2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04171—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal using adsorbents, wicks or hydrophilic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0675—Removal of sulfur
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to remote power supply methods and power supply systems, belonging to the technical field of electric power2After treatment, the resulting purified CH4And sending the mixture into an intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell system to generate electricity to obtain electric energy. The remote power supply method provided by the invention is suitable for rural areas and remote areas, can supply power through the fuel cell system after biogas is purified, and is easy to assemble and disassemble.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to remote power supply methods and power supply systems, and belongs to the technical field of electric power.
Background
For a remote area, a public network system is difficult to extend or the stability of public network power is poor, so that the daily power consumption requirement of a family is difficult to guarantee.
Rural new energy power generation utilizes new energy resources such as rural local solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy and the like to generate power, is used for meeting the power consumption requirements of basic life of rural local agriculture, animal husbandry and fishermen and partial power consumption requirements of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery production, is called rural new energy power generation, and refers to biomass energy such as crop straws, excrement of human, livestock, firewood, methane and the like, small hydropower, small coal, solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy and the like as rural energy.
In the prior art, is mainly pushed to use in remote areas by adopting a solar photovoltaic power generation mode, and the problem of power supply of people without electricity is solved by a photovoltaic power generation system or a small photovoltaic power station.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention has designed kinds of generating methods suitable for remote areas aiming at the problem of insufficient power supply in rural areas, remote areas and other areas, the method utilizes the marsh gas resources in rural areas and remote areas, and converts the marsh gas resources into electric energy by the methane fuel cell technology, and the power supply device is easy to disassemble in structural design, and can rapidly move the generating equipment to other places needing to be used.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following scheme:
remote power supply method comprises desulfurizing, dehydrating, and removing CO from biogas generated by fermentation2After treatment, the resulting purified CH4And sending the mixture into an intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell system to generate electricity to obtain electric energy.
Preferably, the desulfurization process is a dry desulfurization process.
Preferably, the dry desulfurization takes iron oxide as an absorbent.
Preferably, the dehydration adopts an adsorbent dehydration method; the adsorbent is selected from silica gel, magnesium oxide, activated alumina or molecular sieve.
Preferably, said CO removal2The treatment refers to CO treatment by adopting a separation membrane method2And CH4Separation of (4).
Preferably, the electrode operation temperature of the intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell system is 400-500 ℃.
remote power generation devices, wherein a gas production port of a biogas fermentation tank is connected with a separation membrane sequentially through a desulphurization device and a dehydration device, the interception side of the separation membrane is connected with a methane storage tank through a pressure pump, an outlet at the upper part of the methane storage tank is connected with a buffer tank through a valve , the upper part of the buffer tank is connected with a methane fuel cell, a methane fuel cell electrode group is installed in the methane fuel cell, and the anode and the cathode in the methane fuel cell electrode group are respectively connected with a lead wire to lead out current.
Preferably, the desulfurization device is a device filled with an iron oxide absorbent.
Preferably, the dehydration device is a device filled with a water adsorbent.
Preferably, the water adsorbent is silica gel, magnesium oxide, activated alumina or molecular sieve.
Preferably, the material of the separation membrane is cellulose acetate, polyimide polymer or polyacetylene polymer.
Preferably, separators are arranged on two sides of the interior of the methane fuel cell, the separators divide the interior of the methane fuel cell into an internal methane chamber and an external air chamber, the methane chamber is communicated with the buffer tank, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged on the air chamber, a silk screen is further arranged on the separators, the side, facing the air chamber, of the silk screen is provided with a methane fuel cell electrode group, the cathode side of the methane fuel cell electrode group faces the air chamber, the anode side of the methane fuel cell electrode group faces the methane chamber, the anode side of the methane fuel cell electrode group can be communicated with the methane chamber through the silk screen, and heating resistance wires are arranged in the air chamber and used for heating the methane fuel.
Preferably, a horizontal flexible graphite packing is arranged in the methane cavity, the edge of the flexible graphite packing is attached to the methane cavity, and the lower part of the flexible graphite packing is connected to the buffer tank through a spring; when the spring is tightened, the flexible graphite packing can be attached to the clamping groove in the edge of the upper portion of the buffer tank, and the buffer tank is sealed.
Advantageous effects
The remote power supply method provided by the invention is suitable for rural areas and remote areas, can supply power through the fuel cell system after biogas is purified, and is easy to assemble and disassemble.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply system provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a methane fuel cell.
1-a biogas fermentation tank, 2-a desulfurizing device, 3-a dehydrating device, 4-a separation membrane, 5-a pressure pump, 6-a methane storage tank, 7-a buffer tank, 8-a methane fuel cell, 9-a partition board, 10-an air chamber, 11-a methane chamber, 12-a silk screen, 13-a methane fuel cell electrode group, 14-a heating resistance wire, 15-a clamping groove, 16-a flexible graphite packing, 17-a spring, 18-a valve , 19-an air inlet and 20-an air outlet.
Detailed Description
The remote power supply method provided by the invention mainly aims at rural and remote areas with methane fermentation equipment, and methane can be converted into electric energy through a fuel cell in the equipment. In the steps of the method, firstly, the marsh gas generated by fermentation is sequentially subjected to desulfurization, dehydration and CO removal2After treatment, the resulting purified CH4And sending the mixture into an intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell system to generate electricity to obtain electric energy.
H2S is present in biogas and although its content varies depending on the fermentation feedstock, it must be removed to avoid corrosion of the compressor, gas storage tanks and engine. In the method of the invention, dry desulfurization equipment can be adopted as the method for desulfurizing the biogas, and an iron oxide absorption method can be adopted, wherein the iron oxide absorption method is to absorb Fe2O3Mixing sawdust (or powder) with wood chipsThe desulfurizer is prepared and filled in a desulfurization device in a wet state (about 40 percent of water content). Fe2O3The desulfurizer is a strip-shaped porous structure solid, and is used for treating H2S can be used for carrying out rapid irreversible chemical adsorption, and H can be adsorbed within seconds2S is removed to below 1ppm, when the desulfurization is carried out by adopting an iron oxide method, hydrogen sulfide in the methane is subjected to chemical reaction on the surface of solid iron oxide, the smaller the flow velocity of the methane in a desulfurizer is, the longer the contact time is, the more sufficient the reaction is, the better the desulfurization effect is, after the desulfurizer works for hours, the activity of the desulfurizer is gradually reduced, the desulfurization effect is gradually reduced, under the condition of , when H in the methane at the outlet of the desulfurization device is2The S content exceeds 20 mg.m-3When the process is carried out, the desulfurizer needs to be treated; when the sulfur in the desulfurizer is less than 30%, the desulfurizer can be regenerated, the deactivated desulfurizer is contacted with air, iron sulfide is oxidized to separate out sulfur, and the deactivated desulfurizer can be regenerated; when the mass fraction of the iron sulfide in the desulfurizer reaches more than 30%, the desulfurization effect is obviously poor, and the desulfurizer needs to be replaced by new desulfurizer if the desulfurizer cannot be used continuously. The advantage of the iron oxide process is Fe3+Has a relatively high oxidation-reduction potential and can convert S into2-The elemental sulfur is converted into elemental sulfur, the elemental sulfur cannot be further oxidized into sulfate in step, elemental sulfur particles generated in the absorption process of the hydrogen sulfide have a catalytic effect on the whole absorption process, and in addition, the iron oxide has rich resources, is cheap and easy to obtain, and is the most commonly used biogas desulfurization method at present.
The invention mainly adopts a physical adsorption method, wherein silica gel, magnesium oxide, activated alumina, molecular sieve and compound fixed desiccant are used for dehydrating the methane, and the latter integrates the advantages of a plurality of desiccants.
After dehydration, it is necessary to go to steps to remove the remaining CO2And CH4Separation, the present invention adopts a membrane separation method for treatment, wherein can adopt cellulose acetate, polyimide polymer and polyacetylene polymer, etc., and the present invention adopts a polyimide hollow fiber membrane for CO2And CH4Separation (Puxin, Lihui, Libuqing, etc. polyimide hollow fiber membrane separation of CH4/CO2Analysis of influence factors of [ J]Chinese biogas, 2017, 35(1): 13-16.), CO2Is removed from the permeate side of the membrane. The separation membrane used here can adopt a multi-stage separation mode to improve the CO separation2Removal rate of (2), CH after 3-stage separation4The purity can reach more than 95 percent.
After obtaining methane, chemical energy can be converted into electrical energy by a methane fuel cell (xijihong, zheng ying, chai yan, etc.. intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell anode materials research progress with methane as fuel [ J ]. jiangsu chemical industry, 2007, 35(4): 1-5.) the reaction process of the methane fuel cell is:
CH4+4O2-→2H2O+CO2+8e-
based on the above method, the apparatus provided by the present invention is shown in fig. 1 and 2:
the methane generating port of the biogas fermentation tank 1 is connected with a separation membrane 4 through a desulphurization device 2 and a dehydration device 3 in sequence, the interception side of the separation membrane 4 is connected with a methane storage tank 6 through a booster pump 5, the outlet at the upper part of the methane storage tank 6 is connected with a buffer tank 7 through a valve 18, and the upper part of the buffer tank 7 is connected with a methane fuel cell 8, wherein the adopted desulphurization device 2 is a device filled with an iron chemical absorbent, the dehydration device 3 is a device filled with a water absorbent, and the adopted separation membrane 4 is a polyimide hollow fiber membrane.
As shown in FIG. 2, the internal two sides of the methane fuel cell 8 are provided with separators 9, the separators 9 divide the internal of the methane fuel cell 8 into an internal methane chamber 11 and an external air chamber 10, the methane chamber 11 is communicated with a buffer tank 7, the air chamber 10 is provided with an air inlet 19 and an air outlet 20, the separator 9 is further provided with a silk screen 12, the side of the silk screen 12 facing the air chamber 10 is provided with a methane fuel cell electrode group 13, the cathode side of the methane fuel cell electrode group 13 faces the air chamber 10, the anode side of the methane fuel cell electrode group 13 faces the methane chamber 11, and the anode side can be communicated with the methane chamber 11 through the silk screen 12, the air chamber 10 is provided with a heating resistance wire 14 for heating the methane fuel cell electrode group 13, when generating electricity, the methane fuel cell electrode group 13 is first heated by the heating resistance wire 14 to raise the temperature to about 400-500 ℃, when purified methane enters the methane chamber 11 through the buffer tank 7, the methane fuel cell electrode group contacts the anode side through the silk screen 12, and when oxygen in the air reacts, oxygen ions permeate the methane cell electrode group and the methane cell electrode group to react with the anode electrode, the anode electrode group is selected by the anode electrode group and the anode electrode group, the anode electrode group is connected with the cathode electrode used in the anode electrode group, the cathode electrode used in the fuel cell reduction technology, the anode electrode group reduction technology, the fuel cell, the anode electrode group can be used in the fuel cell reduction technology, the anode electrode group reduction]Analytical laboratory, 2009, 28(b05):45-48, NiO-La was used0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3-δ-Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δAs a composite anode, with Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ(GDC) as electrolyte, La0.8Sr0.2Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(LSCF)-Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ(GDC) is a composite cathode. The methane fuel cell 8 can be mounted on any methane gas source, and only the methane fuel cell 8 needs to be mounted on the buffer tank 7,the buffer tank 7 can be connected to any methane gas source equipment with a valve , and in addition, the methane fuel cell 8 can also adopt corresponding heat preservation, heat insulation, heat storage and other modes according to the prior art to reduce the heat dissipation generated by the heating resistance wire 14, and the invention is not limited in particular.
When the equipment needs to be stopped, the valve is closed firstly, at the moment, the residual methane in the buffer tank 7 continues to react in the methane fuel cell electrode group 13, the pressure in the buffer tank 7 is reduced, the methane pressure in the buffer tank 7 is reduced gradually, the methane in the buffer tank 7 is reduced to the lower part, and the methane is separated from the air in the buffer tank 11, so that the methane can be separated from the air in the buffer tank 11, and the methane can be discharged from the buffer tank 11, so that the methane in the buffer tank 7 can be separated from the air in the buffer tank 11, and the methane can be discharged from the buffer tank 11.
Claims (10)
1, remote power supply methods, characterized by comprising the following steps of sequentially desulfurizing, dehydrating, removing CO from biogas generated by fermentation2After treatment, the resulting purified CH4And sending the mixture into an intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell system to generate electricity to obtain electric energy.
2. The remote power supply method according to claim 1, wherein the desulfurization method is a dry desulfurization method.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dry desulfurization is with iron oxide as an absorbent.
4. The remote power supply method according to claim 1, wherein the dehydration is performed by an adsorbent dehydration method; the adsorbent is selected from silica gel, magnesium oxide, activated alumina or molecular sieve.
5. The remote power supply method of claim 1, wherein said CO removal is performed2The treatment refers to CO treatment by adopting a separation membrane method2And CH4Separation of (4).
6. The remote power supply method according to claim 1, wherein the operating temperature of the electrode of the intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell system is 400 to 500 ℃.
7, remote power generation devices, characterized in that, the gas production mouth of marsh gas fermentation pool (1) loops through desulphurization unit (2), dewatering device (3) is connected with separating membrane (4), the interception side of separating membrane (4) is connected with methane storage tank (6) through force (forcing) pump (5), the export on methane storage tank (6) upper portion is connected with buffer tank (7) through valve (18), the upper portion of buffer tank (7) is connected with methane fuel cell (8), install methane fuel cell electrode group (13) in the methane fuel cell (8), be connected with the wire on positive pole and the negative pole in the methane fuel cell electrode group (13) respectively, draw the electric current.
8. The remote power generation device according to claim 7, wherein the desulfurization unit (2) is a unit containing an iron oxide absorbent; the dehydration device (3) is a device filled with a water adsorbent; the water adsorbent is silica gel, magnesium oxide, activated alumina or molecular sieve; the material of the separation membrane (4) is cellulose acetate, polyimide polymer or polyacetylene polymer.
9. The remote power generation device according to claim 7, wherein separators (9) are provided on both sides of the interior of the methane fuel cell (8), the separators (9) divide the interior of the methane fuel cell (8) into an internal methane chamber (11) and an external air chamber (10), the methane chamber (11) communicates with the buffer tank (7), an air inlet (19) and an air outlet (20) are provided on the air chamber (10), a mesh (12) is further provided on the separators (9), a methane fuel cell electrode group (13) is provided on the mesh (12) on the side of the mesh (12) facing the air chamber (10), the cathode side of the methane fuel cell electrode group (13) faces the air chamber (10), the anode side of the methane fuel cell electrode group (13) faces the methane chamber (11), and the anode side can communicate with the methane chamber (11) through the mesh (12), and a heating resistance wire (14) is provided in the air chamber (10) for heating the methane fuel cell electrode group (13).
10. The remote power generation device according to claim 7, wherein a horizontal flexible graphite packing (16) is arranged inside the methane chamber (11), the edge of the flexible graphite packing (16) is attached to the methane chamber (11), and the lower part of the flexible graphite packing (16) is connected to the buffer tank (7) through a spring (17); when the spring (17) is tightened, the flexible graphite packing (16) can be attached to the clamping groove (15) on the edge of the upper part of the buffer tank (7) to seal the buffer tank (7).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2018108076011 | 2018-07-21 | ||
| CN201810807601 | 2018-07-21 |
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| CN110739472A true CN110739472A (en) | 2020-01-31 |
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Citations (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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