CN110736420A - Preparation method of portable self-powered hydrogel strain sensor - Google Patents

Preparation method of portable self-powered hydrogel strain sensor Download PDF

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CN110736420A
CN110736420A CN201910886703.1A CN201910886703A CN110736420A CN 110736420 A CN110736420 A CN 110736420A CN 201910886703 A CN201910886703 A CN 201910886703A CN 110736420 A CN110736420 A CN 110736420A
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hydrogel
strain sensor
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CN110736420B (en
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李立东
唐馥
王杰
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/16Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
    • G01B7/18Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/02Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
    • C08J3/03Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
    • C08J3/075Macromolecular gels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2389/00Characterised by the use of proteins; Derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/15Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
    • C08K5/151Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
    • C08K5/1545Six-membered rings

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  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

A portable self-powered hydrogel strain sensor is prepared by selecting flexible hydrogel with excellent tensile property as electrolyte, assembling zinc sheet as negative electrode at both ends, using copper sheet as positive electrode to construct flexible hydrogel batteries, connecting constant value resistors between positive and negative electrodes of the batteries as signal output ends to construct a strain sensor, converting chemical energy between positive and negative electrodes of the batteries into electric energy, detecting voltage signals at both ends of the constant value resistors, namely detection signals of the sensor, when hydrogel material as main matrix is deformed by external force, the change can cause the change of internal resistance value, thereby changing the voltage of the output end.

Description

Preparation method of portable self-powered hydrogel strain sensor
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a strain sensor, belongs to the field of sensors, and particularly relates to a design and preparation method of self-powered strain sensors which are portable and do not need an external power supply and are based on the principle of a primary battery.
Background
The hydrogel-based strain sensor can convert hydrogel shape change caused by tiny mechanical stimulation (such as pressure and tension) into a measurable electrical signal, and meanwhile, due to the characteristics of good stretchability, flexibility, biocompatibility, self-repairability and the like, the hydrogel-based strain sensor has a good potential application prospect in the preparation of electronic equipment in the fields related to human health, such as a pulse detector, a soft robot, a super capacitor, artificial skin and the like, so far, the reported hydrogel-based strain sensor can be mainly divided into two types according to the difference of detection signals, wherein is used for detecting resistance value change caused by shape change of hydrogel due to external force stimulation and is also called as a resistance sensor, and is used for detecting capacitance change caused by shape change of hydrogel in the presence of external force and is also called as a capacitance sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide preparation methods of portable self-powered hydrogel strain sensors based on the principle of a primary battery, aiming at the defects that most of the reported hydrogel sensors need an external power supply for driving and are not beneficial to equipment portability.
The technical scheme includes that hydrogel with fixed mechanical property is used as electrolyte, active metal is selected as negative electrode material, a hydrogel battery is constructed according to the principle of a primary battery, then fixed value resistors are added to form a circuit loop to realize preparation of self-powered hydrogel strain sensors, signal output ends of the sensors are two ends of the fixed value resistors, output signals are voltage, and the expression is voltage
Figure BDA0002207509570000021
Wherein E is the electromotive force of the primary cell, R is the resistance of the hydrogelfThe hydrogel is a constant value resistor, when the hydrogel deforms under the action of external force, the resistance R of the hydrogel can be changed, so that the output voltage V is changed, and the purpose of monitoring external stress stimulation can be achieved through voltage detection.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of hydrogels
Dissolving gelatin and tannic acid in deionized water at 80 ℃ in a mass ratio of 0.7:1, stirring for two hours, cooling the obtained precipitate, and molding for use;
(2) construction of galvanic cells
Attaching a zinc sheet as a cathode material of the primary battery and a copper sheet as an anode material of the primary battery to two sides of hydrogel, and forming the primary battery by taking the hydrogel as an electrolyte;
(3) preparing a self-energized hydrogel strain sensor;
the constant value resistor with constant value is selected to be connected to the two ends of the positive and negative electrodes of the primary battery to form circuit loops, and the construction of the self-powered hydrogel strain sensor is completed.
, the mass ratio of gelatin to tannin in step (1) can be adjusted within the range of 0.1: 1 to 1: 1.
, the gelatin-tannin composite hydrogel in step (1) can be replaced by other hydrogels which can be used as battery electrolyte and have mechanical properties.
, the zinc sheet in step (2) can be replaced by other active metal materials for the cathode of the primary battery.
, the positive electrode material in step (2) can be replaced by other materials that can react with the selected negative electrode material to form a galvanic cell, or can be an air electrode.
, the metal electrode in step (2) may be a metal sheet, or a metal electrode film layer may be plated on both ends of the hydrogel by vacuum evaporation, and the assembly method of the electrode on the hydrogel is not limited.
Further , the constant resistance in step (3) can be any value that maximizes the sensitivity of the self-powered strain sensor in the initial state when the resistance is as large as the initial resistance of the hydrogel.
The method is characterized in that is that hydrogel is selected as electrolyte of a galvanic cell, the three-dimensional network structure and the high water content of the hydrogel are beneficial to ion transmission, the hydrogel has conductivity determined by and can be used as electrolyte material, in addition, the resistance of the hydrogel can change along with the strain of the hydrogel, and the method is characterized in that a self-powered hydrogel strain sensor is constructed based on the principle of the galvanic cell, chemical energy of the reaction of the galvanic cell is converted into electric energy without the support of an additional external power supply, when the hydrogel is stimulated to be strained by external force, the change of the resistance of the hydrogel causes the output voltage signal of the sensor to change, and the purpose of detection is achieved.
Compared with the reported hydrogel strain sensor method, the strain sensor prepared by the invention is easy to miniaturize design due to self-energy supply and no external power supply, the portability of the sensor is improved, and the preparation method is very simple and easy to implement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a portable self-energized hydrogel strain sensor.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Preparation of hydrogels
Dissolving gelatin and tannic acid in deionized water at 80 ℃ in a mass ratio of 0.7:1, stirring for two hours, and cooling and molding the obtained precipitate to obtain target hydrogel;
(2) construction of galvanic cells
Attaching a zinc sheet as a cathode material of the primary battery and a copper sheet as an anode material of the primary battery to two ends of two sides of the hydrogel to form the primary battery;
(3) preparing a self-powered strain sensor;
and connecting a 100 omega constant value resistor to the anode and the cathode of the primary battery, wherein two ends of the constant value resistor are signal output points, and the output signals are voltage signals, so that the preparation of the self-powered strain sensor can be realized.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of hydrogels
Dissolving gelatin and tannic acid in deionized water at 80 ℃ in a mass ratio of 0.9:1, stirring for two hours, and cooling and molding the obtained precipitate to obtain target hydrogel;
(2) construction of galvanic cells
Attaching a zinc sheet as a cathode material of the primary battery and a copper sheet as an anode material of the primary battery to two ends of two sides of the hydrogel to form the primary battery;
(3) preparing a self-powered strain sensor;
and connecting the 1k omega constant value resistor to the anode and the cathode of the primary battery, wherein two ends of the constant value resistor are signal output points, and the output signals are voltage signals, so that the preparation of the self-powered strain sensor can be realized.
Example 3
(1) Preparation of hydrogels
Dissolving gelatin and tannic acid in deionized water at 80 ℃ in a mass ratio of 0.7:1, stirring for two hours, and cooling and molding the obtained precipitate to obtain target hydrogel;
(2) construction of galvanic cells
Attaching a zinc sheet as a cathode material of the primary battery and an air electrode as an anode material of the primary battery to two ends of two sides of the hydrogel to form the primary battery;
(3) preparing a self-powered strain sensor;
and connecting a 100 omega constant value resistor to the anode and the cathode of the primary battery, wherein two ends of the constant value resistor are signal output points, and the output signals are voltage signals, so that the preparation of the self-powered strain sensor can be realized.
Example 4
(1) Preparation of hydrogels
Dissolving gelatin and tannic acid in deionized water at 80 ℃ in a mass ratio of 0.7:1, stirring for two hours, and cooling and molding the obtained precipitate to obtain target hydrogel;
(2) construction of galvanic cells
Plating layers of zinc films on the end of the hydrogel in a vacuum evaporation mode to serve as a negative electrode material of the primary cell, and attaching a copper sheet serving as a positive electrode material of the primary cell to the other end of the hydrogel to form the primary cell;
(3) preparing a self-powered strain sensor;
and connecting the 1k omega constant value resistor to the anode and the cathode of the primary battery, wherein two ends of the constant value resistor are signal output points, and the output signals are voltage signals, so that the preparation of the self-powered strain sensor can be realized.
Example 5
(1) Preparation of hydrogels
Dissolving gelatin and tannic acid in deionized water at 80 ℃ in a mass ratio of 0.5:1, stirring for two hours, and cooling and molding the obtained precipitate to obtain target hydrogel;
(2) construction of galvanic cells
Plating layers of zinc films on the end of the hydrogel in a vacuum evaporation mode to serve as a negative electrode material of the galvanic cell, and attaching an air electrode serving as a positive electrode material of the galvanic cell to the other end of the hydrogel to form the galvanic cell;
(3) preparing a self-powered strain sensor;
and connecting a 100 omega constant value resistor to the anode and the cathode of the primary battery, wherein two ends of the constant value resistor are signal output points, and the output signals are voltage signals, so that the preparation of the self-powered strain sensor can be realized.

Claims (5)

1, A method for preparing a portable self-powered hydrogel strain sensor, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of hydrogel:
dissolving gelatin and tannic acid in deionized water at 80 ℃ in a mass ratio of 0.7:1, stirring for 1.5-2.5h, cooling the obtained precipitate, and shaping to obtain hydrogel with excellent tensile property;
(2) construction of the galvanic cell:
attaching a zinc sheet as a cathode material of the primary battery and a copper sheet as an anode material of the primary battery to two ends of two sides of the hydrogel to form the primary battery;
(3) preparing a self-energized hydrogel strain sensor;
constant value resistors are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the primary battery to form loops, and the self-powered hydrogel strain sensor can be obtained, wherein two ends of each constant value resistor are signal output ends, and output voltage signals are detected signals.
2. The method for preparing portable self-energized hydrogel strain sensors as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of hydrogel gelatin to tannic acid in step (1) is adjustable within the range of 0.1: 1 to 1:1, and can be replaced by other hydrogels which can be used as galvanic cell electrolytes and have mechanical properties.
3. The method for preparing portable self-powered hydrogel strain sensors as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrode combination zinc (negative) -copper (positive) in step (2) can be replaced by other metal or nonmetal materials for the positive and negative electrodes of a galvanic cell, including zinc (negative) -manganese dioxide (positive), zinc (negative) -silver oxide (positive), zinc-air electrode, and aluminum-air electrode.
4. The method for preparing portable self-energized hydrogel strain sensors as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal electrodes in step (2) are made of metal sheet, and metal electrode films are plated on both ends of the hydrogel by vacuum evaporation, and the assembly of the electrodes on the hydrogel is not limited.
5. The method for preparing portable self-energized hydrogel strain sensors as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fixed resistor in step (3) can be any value, and the sensitivity of the self-energized strain sensor in the initial state is maximized when the resistance is as large as the initial resistance of the hydrogel, i.e., the resistance without external force.
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CN113471460A (en) * 2021-07-15 2021-10-01 广州大学 Preparation and application of green and environment-friendly starch-based pressure-sensitive battery
CN114759258A (en) * 2022-03-16 2022-07-15 广州大学 Preparation and application of starch-based self-powered flexible sensor

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