CN110731751A - convenient and quick intraocular pressure measuring method - Google Patents
convenient and quick intraocular pressure measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110731751A CN110731751A CN201911116818.9A CN201911116818A CN110731751A CN 110731751 A CN110731751 A CN 110731751A CN 201911116818 A CN201911116818 A CN 201911116818A CN 110731751 A CN110731751 A CN 110731751A
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- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/16—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for measuring intraocular pressure, e.g. tonometers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/16—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for measuring intraocular pressure, e.g. tonometers
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Abstract
The invention discloses methods for conveniently and quickly measuring intraocular pressure, which belong to the technical field of ophthalmic examination, and are characterized in that the method comprises the steps of firstly measuring the change of the distance between any two fixed points on the ocular surface, or measuring the change of the long axis of the eye, or measuring the change of the inner diameter of any fixed section in the eye, and then calculating the real-time intraocular pressure according to the measured change result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ophthalmic examination, in particular to methods for conveniently and quickly measuring intraocular pressure.
Background
Glaucoma is a disease causing irreversible blindness and visual impairment in the world at the site of , and although the specific pathogenesis is still unclear, the increase of intraocular pressure is regarded as an important pathogenic factor of the disease.
The existing glaucoma ocular hypotensive treatment can be divided into modes of drug treatment, operation treatment and the like.
the diagnosis of glaucoma and the selection of medication until the intraocular pressure is controlled by other means, the patient needs to take medicine for a lifetime, and the intraocular pressure control effect during the medication period can only depend on professional hospitals and doctors to measure the intraocular pressure by professional equipment at the present stage.
However, the intraocular pressure of a patient can change at any time, the patient often pauses taking medicine due to self reasons such as forgetting, or is not sensitive to certain medicine, the intraocular pressure control effect is reduced, the intraocular pressure exceeds a dangerous value, the patient is not aware of the intraocular pressure, and when symptoms such as pain appear, the patient goes to a hospital for treatment, the optic nerve injury is rapidly developed, and the impaired vision is permanently lost.
Glaucoma patients undergoing trabecular surgery also require regular monitoring of intraocular pressure post-operatively. The biggest problem with this procedure is that the newly created aqueous humor drainage channel is partially or completely blocked again by scarring, resulting in increased intraocular pressure. If the patients are scarred by the aqueous humor filtering channel before the regular re-diagnosis, the patients still face the risk that the ocular pressure rises to a super-dangerous value and cannot be sensed by themselves, and cannot adopt other means for immediately reducing the ocular pressure to cause permanent damage to the vision.
Similarly, other methods for controlling intraocular pressure, such as Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT), also face the risk of prolonged treatment time, decreased efficacy, inability to be perceived by the patient, and inability to seek medical advice in a timely manner, resulting in irreparable loss of vision.
Currently, the measurement of intraocular pressure includes the following:
(1) measuring finger pressure;
(2) indentation tonometers (schiozz style tonometers, Goldman tonometers, etc.);
(3) non-contact (pneumatic) tonometer
As mentioned above, is both a physician requiring expertise and a costly instrument requiring expertise.
Therefore, methods which do not need to be operated by professional doctors, do not depend on expensive professional equipment, can be independently operated by patients after being guided by professional personnel, can conveniently and portably measure intraocular pressure at any time and any place are developed, and have important and urgent significance and requirements for the treatment of glaucoma ocular pressure reduction.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide convenient and fast methods for measuring intraocular pressure to solve the above problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
method for conveniently and quickly measuring intraocular pressure, which comprises measuring the change of the distance between any two fixed points on the ocular surface, or measuring the change of the long axis of the eye, or measuring the change of the inner diameter of any fixed section in the eye, and then calculating the real-time intraocular pressure according to the measured change result.
As a preferable aspect, the estimation method includes the steps of:
(1) measuring initial intraocular pressure, IOP;
(2) selecting any two fixed points of the ocular surface, and measuring the distance L between the any two fixed points corresponding to the initial intraocular pressure IOP;
(3) changing the IOP at least twice, and measuring the space L corresponding to the changed IOP;
(4) taking the intraocular pressure change value delta IOP as X-axis data, taking the interval change value delta L of the fixed two points as Y-axis data, and making a scatter diagram to obtain a corresponding calculation formula of the intraocular pressure change value and the interval change value;
(5) when the real-time intraocular pressure is actually measured, the measured real-time interval change value delta L is brought into the corresponding calculation formula of the intraocular pressure change value and the interval change value, and the intraocular pressure change value delta IOP is obtained;
(6) and calculating the real-time intraocular pressure according to the obtained intraocular pressure change value delta IOP and the intraocular pressure of the first times aiming at the change value corresponding formula.
This is methods for calculating the change value, which requires at least three measurements at the beginning.
As a preferable aspect, the estimation method includes the steps of:
(1) measuring initial intraocular pressure, IOP;
(2) selecting any two fixed points of the ocular surface, and measuring the distance L between the any two fixed points corresponding to the initial intraocular pressure IOP;
(3) changing the IOP at least twice, and measuring the space L corresponding to the changed IOP;
(4) taking the IOP value measured at each time as X-axis data, taking the distance L between the fixed two points as Y-axis data, and making a scatter diagram to obtain a corresponding calculation formula of intraocular pressure distance;
(5) when the real-time intraocular pressure is actually measured, the real-time measured interval L is substituted into an intraocular pressure interval corresponding calculation formula to directly obtain a corresponding intraocular pressure value;
(6) and calculating the real-time intraocular pressure according to the obtained intraocular pressure change value delta IOP and the intraocular pressure of the first times aiming at the change value corresponding formula.
This is methods of absolute value estimation, which requires only two measurements at the beginning.
As a preferable technical solution, the estimation method, taking the measurement of the long axis of the eye as an example, includes the steps of:
(1) measuring initial intraocular pressure, IOP;
(2) measuring the eye long axis L 'corresponding to the initial intraocular pressure IOP by taking the eye long axis L' as a measuring object;
(3) changing the IOP at least twice, and measuring the long axis L' of the eye corresponding to the changed IOP;
(4) taking the intraocular pressure change value delta IOP as X-axis data, taking the eye long axis change value delta L' as Y-axis data, and taking a scatter diagram to obtain a calculation formula;
(5) substituting the measured real-time interval change value delta L' into the obtained calculation formula to obtain an intraocular pressure change value delta IOP;
(6) the real-time intraocular pressure is calculated according to the obtained intraocular pressure change value delta IOP and the intraocular pressure of the first times.
As a preferable technical solution, the estimation method, taking the measurement of the inner diameter of any fixed section in the eye as an example, comprises the following steps:
(1) measuring initial intraocular pressure, IOP;
(2) by arbitrarily fixing the inner diameter of the tangent plane in the eye
To measureMeasuring the inner diameter of any fixed section in the eye corresponding to the initial IOP
(3) Changing IOP at least twice, and measuring the internal diameter of any fixed section in eye corresponding to the changed IOP
(4) Taking the variation value of the intraocular pressure delta IOP as X-axis data, and taking the variation value of the inner diameter of any fixed section in the eye
Making a scatter diagram for Y-axis data to obtain a calculation formula;
(5) the measured inner diameter change value of any fixed tangent plane
Substituting the obtained calculation formula to obtain an intraocular pressure change value delta IOP;
(6) the real-time intraocular pressure is calculated according to the obtained intraocular pressure change value delta IOP and the intraocular pressure of the first times.
The principle of the method of measuring intraocular pressure according to the present invention is based on the principle that elastic spheres (e.g., balloons) have the basic physical characteristics of elastic deformation, and the surface and internal dimensions of the elastic spheres change with the change of internal pressure expansion and contraction within the range of . as is known in the art, the eyeball is spherical-like organs in animals and humans, and follows the basic rules of physical elastic deformation within the range of . the size of the eyeball also changes with the change of intraocular pressure within the range of .
The method of the present invention is methods for estimating the intraocular pressure change amount by measuring the amount of change in the distance between any two fixed points on the surface of the eye under the influence of the intraocular pressure change, and estimating the intraocular pressure in real time by combining the baseline intraocular pressure, and of course, similarly, estimating the intraocular pressure change and the intraocular pressure in real time by measuring the change in the inner diameter of the long axis of the eye or any section of the eye, and is based on the same principle.
By using the method, the intraocular pressure can be conveniently and quickly measured only by sexual directions of a professional without depending on the professional and professional equipment;
the guidance of the aforementioned professionals indicates that the elasticity of each eyeball is not , the constant value in the formula of the invention may vary from person to person, the method is firstly used, the parameters corresponding to the person need to be determined by other accurate tonometers, and the fixed point needs to be determined, for example, the optical visualization measurement can be used for measuring the diameter by means of a mark point on the anatomical structure of the eyeball itself, for example, by using the outermost tangent point of the sclera edge, or by means of other technical means such as infrared, magnetism, low-dose radiation and the like, and the long axis of the eye and the inner diameter of the tangent plane of the eye can be realized by means of ultrasound, OCT and other technical means.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the method can be used for conveniently and quickly measuring the intraocular pressure and monitoring the intraocular pressure at any time and any place without causing wound and damage to the real-time intraocular pressure change for a long time only by times of guidance of professionals and professional equipment such as expensive and non-portable tonometers, is favorable for developing personal portable monitoring equipment, is convenient for patients to use, reduces the risk of irreversible damage to vision caused by the increase of the intraocular pressure which cannot be sensed, and has great significance for preventing permanent loss of vision of glaucoma patients.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the intraocular pressure change and the distance between two fixed points on the surface of an eyeball obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the intraocular pressure change and the distance between two fixed points on the surface of an eyeball obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the change in intraocular pressure and the change in the distance between two fixed points on the surface of the eyeball, obtained in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further illustrated with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
this example uses the measurement of porcine intraocular pressure as an example, simulates the measurement of human intraocular pressure, and verifies the feasibility of the method.
In the embodiment, an in vitro intraocular pressure change model of an isolated eyeball is established in a perfusion mode to verify the feasibility of a method for predicting the change of intraocular pressure by measuring the change of the distance between any two fixed points on the ocular surface.
Materials: fresh pig eye, physiological saline, infusion apparatus, height-adjustable support, vernier caliper, tape measure and tonometer
The method comprises the following steps:
1. anterior chamber perfusion is carried out on fresh pig eyes, and intraocular pressure is adjusted by adjusting the highest liquid level of physiological saline. A liquid pressure formula P is deduced according to a communicating vessel principle and an Archimedes principle, namely, the liquid density and the gravity acceleration are constant constants, and the IOP is changed only along with the change of the liquid level difference and is in positive correlation. The value of the real intraocular pressure is cm water column h (cmH) which is almost the same as the real-time liquid level difference measurement value2O). Converted to h/1.33 (mmHg);
2. selecting the circle diameter of the pig eye corner scleral edge
For measuring the object, in order to change the liquid level of the physiological saline, measuring the different liquid level h values and the corresponding values by a measuring tape and a vernier caliper respectivelyA value; the measurement results are shown in Table 1;
3. using the lowest measurement value as a base line, using the actual intraocular pressure IOP change value corresponding to the delta h value as an x-axis value, and changing the diameter of the angle scleral edge
The value is a y-axis numerical value, a scatter diagram is made, a curve is added, and a formula is calculated;
4. changing the liquid level difference again, and measuring intraocular pressure measurement value IOP' and its corresponding h and
value, IOP' at lowest liquid level difference as baseline intraocular pressure, corresponding to
Value is base lineValue of will
Substituting into a formula, solving delta IOP, calculating real-time IOP, and comparing with corresponding IOP', thereby verifying the accuracy of the method.
Table 1: measured to obtain various groups of data under different liquid level height differences
Note: STD: standard deviation, repetition number n is 6
Taking a scatter diagram, as shown in fig. 1, calculating that the intraocular pressure variation and the variation of the distance between two fixed points on the surface of the eyeball are linearly related in the measurement range, and solving the following formula:
y＝0.001x+0.004 R2＝0.984
the calculation formula is as follows: Δ Φ ═ a Δ IOP + b. Where a and b are constants for different individuals, which can be found from specific measurements.
For the present embodiment, the calculation formula is
And measuring again to obtain the intraocular pressure.
Accuracy verification test
The real-time intraocular pressure values measured by the tonometer were measured three times, and the results are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2 results of real-time intraocular pressure values measured using a tonometer
Using the method of the present invention, the circle diameter of the angle scleral edge is determined by a vernier caliper
Three measurements were performed, and the results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 circle diameter of real-time angle scleral edge measured with vernier caliper
Results
Substituting formula Δ IOP ═ 0.016-0.0046/0.0012 ═ 9.5(mmHg)
Calculating real-time IOP of 9.5+12.67 of 22.17(mmHg)
The difference of the measured IOP 24.33mmHg and the measured IOP is 1.17mmHg, the error rate is less than 5 percent, and the error is acceptable.
And (4) conclusion: the method can be applied to real-time intraocular pressure monitoring.
Example 2:
the method is the same as the embodiment 1, and the intraocular pressure and the corresponding circle diameter of the pig eye corner scleral edge in the embodiment 1 are respectively measured in real time by using the tonometer and the vernier caliper
The measured values are shown in the following table 4:
using real-time intraocular pressure IOP and corresponding fixed distance between two points (selecting circle diameter of angle scleral edge)
) A scatter plot is shown in FIG. 2, and the formula is shown below.
The derivation formula is:where a and b are constants for different individuals, which can be found from specific measurements.
For this example, the formula is
Can be pushed out
And measured again.
The data measured using the tonometer and vernier caliper are shown in table 5 below:
TABLE 5 results of real-time intraocular pressure values measured using a tonometer
Using the method of the present invention, the circle diameter of the angle scleral edge is determined by a vernier caliper
Three measurements were performed, and the results are shown in table 6:
TABLE 6 ring diameter of real-time angle scleral edge measured with vernier caliper
Results
Real-time IOP (1) ═ 1.815-1.782/0.0014 ═ 23.57(mmHg), which differs from tonometer-measured intraocular pressure 24.33 by 0.76 mmHg;
IOP (2) ═ 1.799-1.782/0.0014 ═ 12.14(mmHg) and IOP measured by tonometer are different by 0.53 mmHg;
and (4) conclusion: the error rate is less than 5%, and the method can be applied to real-time intraocular pressure monitoring.
Example 3:
the purpose is as follows: verifying whether the method is practical to be applied to human eyes
The method comprises the following steps: 30 normal volunteers were randomly divided into three groups, 10 persons in each group, eye diseases were excluded, and after informed consent, the patients were taken into the experiment, the basic intraocular pressure was measured first by an tonometer, the diameter of the circle formed by the corresponding corneosclera was measured by a vernier caliper (average value of each group), the intraocular pressure-reducing drug eye drops were dropped into the eye, and after taking effect, the intraocular pressure and the corneosclera diameter were measured again, as in example 2, statistical mapping was performed, and the formula was calculated. And measuring the intraocular pressure and the diameter of the corneosclera edge again after the drug effect declines, substituting the intraocular pressure and the diameter into the formula, and verifying whether the intraocular pressure and the diameter accord with the formula.
As a result: the mean intraocular pressure and corresponding angle scleral edge diameter were measured in selected healthy volunteers as follows:
the first two groups of data are used for making a scatter diagram and the formula is shown in figure 3:
substituting the third set of data into the formula
IOP (3) — (0.997-0.9769)/0.0016 ═ 12.56(mmHg), mean intraocular pressure found 12.3333mmHg, difference 0.2267mmHg, error rate 1.8%.
And (4) conclusion: the method can be used for measuring the intraocular pressure of the human body.
As known to those skilled in the art, the response of glaucoma patients to ocular hypotensive drugs is similar to that of healthy eyes, and the above example 3 proves that the present invention is suitable for accurate measurement of the intraocular pressure change of healthy eyes caused by ocular hypotensive drugs, and thus, is also suitable for measurement of the intraocular pressure change of glaucoma patients.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1, method for conveniently and quickly measuring intraocular pressure, which is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of firstly measuring the change of the distance between any two fixed points on the ocular surface, or measuring the change of the long axis of the eye, or measuring the change of the inner diameter of any fixed tangent plane in the eye, and then calculating the real-time intraocular pressure according to the measured change result.
2. An method for conveniently and quickly measuring intraocular pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the estimation method is that it includes the following steps:
(1) measuring initial intraocular pressure, IOP;
(2) selecting any two fixed points of the ocular surface, and measuring the distance L between the any two fixed points corresponding to the initial intraocular pressure IOP;
(3) changing the IOP at least twice, and measuring the space L corresponding to the changed IOP;
(4) taking the IOP as X-axis data, taking the L as Y-axis data, and taking a scatter diagram to obtain corresponding calculation formulas of intraocular pressure change values and interval change values;
(5) when the real-time intraocular pressure is actually measured, the measured real-time interval change value Δ L is brought into the obtained intraocular pressure change value and the interval change value corresponding calculation formula, and the intraocular pressure change value IOP is obtained;
(6) calculating the real-time intraocular pressure according to the change value of the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the intraocular pressure obtained at the first times aiming at the change value corresponding formula.
3. An method for conveniently and quickly measuring intraocular pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the estimation method is that it includes the following steps:
(1) measuring initial intraocular pressure, IOP;
(2) selecting any two fixed points of the ocular surface, and measuring the distance L between the any two fixed points corresponding to the initial intraocular pressure IOP;
(3) changing the IOP at least twice, and measuring the space L corresponding to the changed IOP;
(4) taking the IOP value measured at each time as X-axis data, taking the distance L between the fixed two points as Y-axis data, and making a scatter diagram to obtain a corresponding calculation formula of intraocular pressure distance;
(5) when the real-time intraocular pressure is actually measured, the real-time measured interval L is substituted into an intraocular pressure interval corresponding calculation formula to directly obtain a corresponding intraocular pressure value;
(6) calculating the real-time intraocular pressure according to the change value of the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the intraocular pressure obtained at the first times aiming at the change value corresponding formula.
4. An method for conveniently and quickly measuring intraocular pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the estimation method is that it includes the following steps:
(1) measuring initial intraocular pressure, IOP;
(2) measuring the eye long axis L 'corresponding to the initial intraocular pressure IOP by taking the eye long axis L' as a measuring object;
(3) changing the IOP at least twice, and measuring the long axis L' of the eye corresponding to the changed IOP;
(4) taking the IOP as X-axis data, the L' as Y-axis data, and obtaining an estimation formula;
(5) substituting the measured real-time interval change value L' into the obtained estimation formula to obtain the intraocular pressure change value IOP;
(6) calculating the real-time intraocular pressure according to the change value of the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the intraocular pressure of the first times.
5. An method for conveniently and quickly measuring intraocular pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the estimation method is that it includes the following steps:
(1) measuring initial intraocular pressure, IOP;
(2) taking the inner diameter phi of any fixed tangent plane in the eye as a measuring object, and measuring the inner diameter phi of any fixed tangent plane in the eye corresponding to the initial IOP;
(3) changing the IOP at least twice, and measuring the internal diameter phi of any fixed section in the eye corresponding to the changed IOP;
(4) taking the change value of the intraocular pressure (IOP) as X-axis data, taking the change value of the inner diameter of any fixed tangent plane in the eye as Y-axis data, and taking a scatter diagram as an estimation formula;
(5) the measured inner diameter change value of any fixed tangent plane is substituted into the obtained estimation formula to obtain the intraocular pressure change value IOP;
(6) calculating the real-time intraocular pressure according to the change value of the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the intraocular pressure of the first times.
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| DE19923913A1 (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 1999-12-02 | Univ Ilmenau Tech | Appliance for calibrating and checking tonometers |
| CN102283636A (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2011-12-21 | 欧科路光学器械有限公司 | Ophthalmological analysis method and analysis system |
| CN106901688A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-30 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Intraocular pressure detection device and detection method thereof |
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2019
- 2019-11-15 CN CN201911116818.9A patent/CN110731751A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19923913A1 (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 1999-12-02 | Univ Ilmenau Tech | Appliance for calibrating and checking tonometers |
| CN102283636A (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2011-12-21 | 欧科路光学器械有限公司 | Ophthalmological analysis method and analysis system |
| CN106901688A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-30 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Intraocular pressure detection device and detection method thereof |
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| 张建华，王予东，金家岩，石荣先，李彬，晁小蕊: "《眼压对眼长轴长度影响的实验研究》", 《眼科新进展》 * |
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