CN110729559A - Multi-frequency differential directional hybrid antenna - Google Patents
Multi-frequency differential directional hybrid antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110729559A CN110729559A CN201910972641.6A CN201910972641A CN110729559A CN 110729559 A CN110729559 A CN 110729559A CN 201910972641 A CN201910972641 A CN 201910972641A CN 110729559 A CN110729559 A CN 110729559A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
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Abstract
A multi-frequency differential directional hybrid antenna belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas and comprises an upper antenna radiator, a 180-degree differential balun with a broadband at the bottom and two metal cylinders vertically arranged between the two metal cylinders. The antenna radiator comprises a dielectric substrate, and metal microstrip lines and radiation patches which are positioned on the front side and the back side of the dielectric substrate. The broadband 180-degree differential balun comprises a dielectric substrate, a metal floor and three metal microstrip feeder lines, wherein the metal floor and the three metal microstrip feeder lines are located on the front side and the back side of the dielectric substrate. Gaps are formed between the radiation patches and the metal floor. The radio frequency signal is input from the starting end of one metal microstrip feeder line and output from the tail ends of the other two metal microstrip feeder lines, and feeds power to the metal microstrip line, the radiation patch and the gap between the radiation patches through the metal column body to excite three resonance frequencies. The invention has simple structure, utilizes the ultra wide band differential balun to feed three frequency bands which are far away from each other, introduces the differential feed to reduce the cross polarization of the antenna, and leads the directional diagram of the antenna to be directional, stable and symmetrical and has higher gain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas, and relates to a multi-band differential directional radiation hybrid antenna.
Background
With the development of wireless communication technology and the explosive growth of communication services, people have higher and higher requirements on mobile communication equipment, and an antenna which only works in a single frequency band cannot meet the communication requirements. Meanwhile, with the emergence of various communication protocols such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Global Positioning System (GPS), fourth-generation mobile communication technology, and rapidly developing 5G, the problems caused by the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), the Global Positioning System (GPS), the fourth-generation mobile communication technology, and the rapidly developing 5G, are also getting more and more serious, such as the processing cost, the complex structure, the mutual influence, and the like of the multiple antennas. Therefore, there is a trend to develop an antenna that is compatible with multi-band operation and can maintain good radiation characteristics.
Compared with a single-frequency antenna, the multi-frequency-band antenna has the advantages of being small in size, simple in structure and capable of being integrated, more working modes are achieved, meanwhile, a single multi-frequency antenna replaces a plurality of single-frequency antennas, and installation cost is saved while the installation space of equipment is reduced.
The existing multi-band antenna design mainly adopts the forms of slotting, loading a plurality of resonant branches, multi-mode excitation, multi-port feeding and the like. However, these studies have difficulty in achieving stable, high-gain directional radiation characteristics in a multiband operation mode, and have narrow bandwidths. Therefore, how to design a multi-frequency, directional radiation, low-cost and simple-structure antenna becomes a problem which must be solved currently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a multi-frequency differential directional hybrid antenna for improving and ensuring the good radiation characteristic of a multi-frequency-band antenna, so as to solve the technical problems of large size, low gain, unstable directional diagram and the like of the multi-frequency-band antenna in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a multi-frequency differential directional hybrid antenna structurally comprises an antenna radiator, a simple broadband 180-degree differential balun and two metal cylinders A9 and B10. The antenna radiator is placed above the broadband 180-degree differential balun in parallel, and the two metal cylinders A9 and B10 are vertically arranged between the upper radiating antenna and the lower broadband 180-degree differential balun.
The antenna radiator comprises a dielectric substrate A1, a metal microstrip line 2 and a radiation patch 3. The metal microstrip line 2 and the radiation patch 3 are respectively printed on the front surface and the back surface of the dielectric substrate A1. The radiation patch 3 is arranged below (on the reverse side of) the dielectric substrate A1 and is positioned between the two metal cylinders A9 and B10, and a rectangular gap 15 is formed in the middle of the radiation patch 3. The metal microstrip line 2 is arranged above (front side of) the dielectric substrate A1, two ends of the metal microstrip line 2 are connected with the metal columns A9 and B10 penetrating through the dielectric substrate A1 and connected with the tail ends of the metal microstrip feeder lines B7 and C8 of the broadband 180-degree differential balun, and the metal microstrip feeder lines are used for exciting different working frequency bands of the antenna.
The broadband 180-degree differential balun comprises a dielectric substrate B4, a metal floor 5 and metal microstrip feed lines A6, B7 and C8. The metal floor 5 and the three metal microstrip feeder lines A6, B7 and C8 are respectively printed on the front side and the back side of the dielectric substrate B4. The metal floor 5 is arranged above (on the front side of) the medium substrate B4, the length of the metal floor 5 is greater than the distance between the two metal cylinders 9A, B10, a gap 16 is formed in the middle of the metal floor 5, the middle of the gap 16 is long-strip-shaped, and the two ends of the gap are of circular groove structures; the slits 16 are disposed parallel to the rectangular slits 15 and maintain the same polarization characteristics to reduce cross polarization. The metal microstrip feed lines A6, B7 and C8 are arranged below (on the reverse side of) the dielectric substrate B4, and the metal microstrip feed lines B7 and C8 are connected with the metal cylinders A9 and B10 to realize differential feed to the antenna radiator.
The three metal microstrip feeder lines A6, B7 and C8 arranged on the reverse side of the dielectric substrate B4 have the following specific structures: circular pieces are arranged at the tail end of the A6 and the starting ends of the B7 and the C8 of the three metal microstrip feeder lines, and the circular pieces are matched with circular groove structures at two ends of the slot 16, so that mutual elimination of the reactance of the circular groove structures of the slot 16 and the circular pieces of the metal microstrip feeder lines B7 and C8 is realized, and broadband bandwidth is obtained. The tail end of the metal microstrip feed line A6 penetrates through the middle position of the slot 16, the metal microstrip feed lines B7 and C8 are placed at anti-symmetric positions, and the tail end of the metal microstrip feed line B7 is connected with the metal column B10 and is isolated from the floor 5 through an air column D14; the tail end of the metal microstrip feeder C8 is connected with a metal column B9 and is isolated from the floor 5 through an air column C13; the starting end of the metal microstrip feeder line A6 is positioned at the edge of the dielectric plate B4 and is connected with the coaxial line of the communication system, and the tail end circular piece is arranged between the tail end circular pieces of the metal microstrip feeder lines B7 and C8. Signals are input from the starting end of the metal microstrip feed line A6, equal-amplitude and opposite-phase output signals are obtained at the tail ends of the metal microstrip feed lines B7 and C8, and the output signals feed the radiation patch 3 with the slot 15 through the metal columns A9 and B10.
The upper end and the lower end of the metal column A9 are inserted into air columns A11 and C13, the air column A11 is arranged in a dielectric substrate A1 of the radiation antenna, and the air column C13 is arranged in a dielectric substrate B4 of the differential balun; the upper end and the lower end of the metal column B10 are respectively inserted into air columns B12 and D14, the air column B12 is arranged in a dielectric substrate A1 of the radiation antenna, and the air column D14 is arranged in a dielectric substrate B4 of the differential balun. The air columns a11, B12 are sized to adjust impedance matching, and the air columns C13, D14 are used to isolate the metal columns a9, B10 from the metal floor 5.
The broadband 180-degree differential balun is positioned below the radiation patch 3 of the antenna radiator, so that the maximum radiation direction of the antenna is vertical to the antenna radiator and upwards.
The dielectric substrates A1 and B4 are both made of RO4350B material with the dielectric constant of 3.48.
The distance between the radiation antenna and the broadband 180-degree differential balun is 13-14 mm.
The working process of the invention is as follows: radio frequency signals are input from the starting end of a metal microstrip feeder line A6 of the differential balun, coupled to the tail ends of metal microstrip feeder lines B7 and C8 through a slot 16 and output to feed the metal microstrip line 2, the radiation patch 3 and the rectangular slot 15 through metal columns A9 and B10, and three resonant frequencies are excited. The bandwidth of the differential balun can effectively cover the whole range of three resonant frequencies.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the directional hybrid antenna adopts the three structures of the metal microstrip line 2, the metal patch 3 and the rectangular gap 15 to realize three resonant frequency bands, and the current distribution of the metal microstrip line 2 presents half-wavelength and is similar to a dipole and can be regarded as a dipole antenna; the metal patch 3 conforms to a microstrip antenna; the rectangular slot 15 serves as a slot antenna; simple structure and easy processing and manufacturing.
2) The invention utilizes the broadband differential feed to ensure that the antenna can generate effective resonance in the frequency bands of 2.4GHz, 3.5GHz and 5.2GHz, the bandwidth is respectively 2.39-2.50GHz, 3.41-3.73GHz and 5.15-5.35GHz, the frequency band utilization rate is improved, and the broadband differential feed can be used for the sub-6GHz system application of the 2.4GHz, 5.2GHz and 5G communication of the WLAN;
3) the ultra-wideband differential balun with a simple structure is introduced, so that the cross polarization of the antenna is reduced, a symmetrical directional diagram is formed, the directional diagram of the antenna is stable in orientation, and the gain is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multi-frequency differential hybrid directional antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-frequency differential hybrid directional antenna proposed by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of front and back structures of an antenna radiator structure according to the present invention; FIG. 3(a) is a front side, and FIG. 3(b) is a rear side;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the front and back side structures of a broadband 180 differential balun of the present invention; FIG. 4(a) is a front side, and FIG. 4(b) is a rear side;
FIG. 5 is a graph of reflectance curves simulated by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a simulated gain pattern of the present invention; fig. 6(a) is a 2.45GHz directional diagram of xz plane, fig. 6(b) is a 2.45GHz directional diagram of yz plane, fig. 6(c) is a 3.5GHz directional diagram of xz plane, fig. 6(d) is a 3.5GHz directional diagram of yz plane, fig. 6(e) is a 5.2GHz directional diagram of xz plane, and fig. 6(f) is a 5.2GHz directional diagram of yz plane;
in the figure: 1, a dielectric substrate A; 2 a metal microstrip line; 3, radiating a patch; 4, a dielectric substrate B; 5, a metal floor; 6 metal microstrip feed lines A, 7 metal microstrip feed lines B and 8 metal microstrip feed lines C; 9 metal column A, 10 metal column B; 11 a column of air A; 12 air column B; 13 a column of air C; 14 a column of air D; 15 rectangular gaps; 16 slits.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the drawings and the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the multi-band differential directional radiation antenna is composed of an antenna radiator part, a broadband 180 ° differential balun and metal cylinders a9 and B10. The antenna radiator part and the broadband 180-degree differential balun are arranged in parallel at the distance of 13.2mm from top to bottom and are fixedly connected through the vertical welding of metal cylinders A9 and B10 at two ends.
Referring to fig. 3(a) and 3(b), the radiator portion of the multiband antenna is composed of a dielectric substrate a1, a metal microstrip line 2, a radiation patch 3, and a rectangular slot 15. The dielectric substrate A1 is made of RO4350B material with a dielectric constant of 3.48 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The front and back surfaces of the dielectric substrate A1 are respectively printed with a metal microstrip line 2 and a radiation patch 3 with a rectangular gap 15 in the center, and air columns A11 and B12 for adjusting impedance matching are arranged at the two ends. The metal microstrip line 2 is arranged above the dielectric substrate A1 and welded with the metal columns A9 and B10 at the two ends of the dielectric substrate A1, and the two ends of the metal microstrip line 2 respectively exceed the centers of the metal columns A9 and B10 by 1mm, so that on one hand, the total length of the microstrip line 2 feeds the central rectangular slot 15 and the patch 3 of the radiation patch 3, and on the other hand, the total length of the microstrip line 2 is adjusted to excite the antenna to work at the 3.5GHz working frequency band in a resonant mode; the radiation patch 3 is arranged below the dielectric substrate A1 and used for exciting the antenna to work in a 2.4GHz working frequency band in a resonant mode; a rectangular gap 15 is formed in the center of the radiation patch 3 and used for exciting the antenna to work in a 5.2GHz working frequency band in a resonant mode, and the frequency band utilization rate of the antenna is further improved.
Referring to fig. 4(a) and 4(B), the broadband 180 ° differential balun is composed of a dielectric substrate B1, a metal floor 5, and metal microstrip feed lines a6, B7, and C8. The dielectric substrate B4 is made of RO4350B material with a dielectric constant of 3.48 and a thickness of 0.762 mm. The front side and the back side of the dielectric substrate B4 are respectively printed with a metal floor 5 and metal microstrip feeder lines A6, B7 and C8, and the two ends are provided with air columns 13C and 14D for isolating the metal columns A9 and B10 from the metal floor 5. The metal floor 5 is arranged above the dielectric substrate B4, and a gap 16 is arranged in the center. The metal microstrip feeder lines A6, B7 and C8 are arranged below the dielectric substrate B4, the two external microstrip lines B7 and C8 are designed to be arranged at opposite symmetric positions, signals are input from the starting end of A6, equal-amplitude and opposite-phase output signals are obtained at the tail ends of B7 and C8, differential feeding is achieved for the radiation patch 3 by connecting the metal column body 9A, B10, cross polarization of the antenna is reduced, and the maximum radiation direction of the antenna is perpendicular to the radiation body of the antenna and faces upwards. The overall size of the antenna is 60mm in length (longest dimension, which is the length of the dielectric substrate B4 in this embodiment), 60mm in width (longest dimension, which is the width of the dielectric substrate B4 in this embodiment), and 15.6mm in height (the distance between the front surface of the dielectric substrate a1 and the back surface of the dielectric substrate B4).
The radiation performance simulation results of the present invention further illustrate that:
FIG. 5 is a simulation result of a return loss curve of the multiband differential hybrid directional radiation antenna provided by the present invention, and it is seen from the figure that the antenna can generate effective resonance in the frequency bands of 2.4GHz, 3.5GHz and 5.2GHz, the bandwidths are respectively 2.39-2.50GHz, 3.41-3.73GHz and 5.15-5.35GHz, and the frequency band utilization rate is high.
Fig. 6(a) to fig. 6(f) are radiation patterns of 2.45GHz, 3.5GHz, and 5.2GHz obtained by antenna simulation, and it is seen from fig. 6 that the multiband differential hybrid directional radiation antenna provided by the present invention has high gain, and the gains at three frequency points are respectively 6.6 dBi, 8.2 dBi, and 7.0 dBi; the directional diagram is stable and symmetrical, radiation points upwards in the + z direction at three working frequencies, and the cross polarization ratio is lower than-30 dB.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical idea and features of the present invention, and are only used for describing the present invention in detail, so that those skilled in the art can understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the disclosure of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A multi-frequency differential directional hybrid antenna is characterized by comprising an antenna radiator, a 180-degree broadband differential balun and two metal cylinders A (9) and B (10); the broadband 180-degree differential balun is arranged below the antenna radiator in parallel, and the maximum radiation direction of the antenna is vertical to the antenna radiator and upwards; the two metal cylinders A (9) and B (10) are vertically arranged between the radiation antenna and the broadband 180-degree differential balun;
the antenna radiator comprises a dielectric substrate A (1), a metal microstrip line (2) and a radiation patch (3); the metal microstrip line (2) and the radiation patch (3) are respectively printed on the front surface and the back surface of the dielectric substrate A (1); the radiation patch (3) is arranged below the medium substrate A (1), and a rectangular gap (15) is formed in the middle of the radiation patch (3); the metal microstrip line (2) is arranged above the dielectric substrate A (1), and two ends of the metal microstrip line (2) are connected with metal columns A (9) and B (10) penetrating through the dielectric substrate A (1), connected with tail ends of metal microstrip feeder lines B (7) and C (8) of the broadband 180-degree differential balun and used for exciting different working frequency bands of the antenna;
the broadband 180-degree differential balun comprises a dielectric substrate B (4), a metal floor (5) and metal microstrip feeder lines A (6), B (7) and C (8); the metal floor (5) and the three metal micro-strip feeders A (6), B (7) and C (8) are respectively printed on the front surface and the back surface of the dielectric substrate B (4); the metal floor (5) is arranged above the medium substrate B (4), a gap (16) is formed in the middle of the metal floor (5), the middle of the gap (16) is long-strip-shaped, and the two ends of the gap are of circular groove structures; the slit (16) and the rectangular slit (15) are arranged in parallel, the same polarization characteristic is kept, and cross polarization is reduced; the metal microstrip feed lines A (6), B (7) and C (8) are arranged below the dielectric substrate B (4), and the metal microstrip feed lines B (7) and C (8) are connected with the metal cylinders A (9) and B (10) to realize differential feed to an antenna radiator;
the three metal microstrip feeder lines A (6), B (7) and C (8) arranged on the reverse side of the dielectric substrate B (4) have the following specific structures: circular pieces are arranged at the tail ends of the three metal micro-strip feeders A (6) and the start ends of the metal micro-strip feeders B (7) and C (8), and the circular pieces are matched with circular groove structures at two ends of the slot (16), so that mutual elimination of the circular groove structures and the reactance of the circular pieces of the metal micro-strip feeders B (7) and C (8) is realized, and the broadband bandwidth is obtained; the metal microstrip feeder lines B (7) and C (8) are placed at anti-symmetric positions, the tail end of the metal microstrip feeder line B (7) is connected with the metal column B (10), and is isolated from the metal floor (5) through the air column D (14); the tail end of the metal microstrip feeder C (8) is connected with the metal column A (9) and is isolated from the metal floor (5) through an air column C (13); the starting end of the metal micro-strip feeder A (6) is positioned at the edge of the dielectric substrate B (4) and is connected with a coaxial line of a communication system, and the tail circular piece is arranged between the tail circular pieces of the metal micro-strip feeders B (7) and C (8); inputting a signal from the starting end of the metal microstrip feeder A (6), obtaining output signals with equal amplitude and opposite phase at the tail ends of the metal microstrip feeders B (7) and C (8), and feeding the output signals to the radiation patch (3) through the metal cylinders A (9) and B (10);
the upper end and the lower end of the metal column A (9) are inserted into the air columns A (11) and C (13), the upper end and the lower end of the metal column B (10) are respectively inserted into the air columns B (12) and D (14), the air columns A (11) and B (12) are arranged in the medium substrate A (1), and the air columns C (13) and D (14) are arranged in the medium substrate B (4).
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| CN201910972641.6A CN110729559B (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2019-10-14 | Multi-frequency differential directional hybrid antenna |
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| CN110729559B CN110729559B (en) | 2021-06-04 |
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Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112490648A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-12 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Ultra-wideband antenna of microstrip line |
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