CN110729027A

CN110729027A - Residence time distribution determination experiment data acquisition and processing system and method

Info

Publication number: CN110729027A
Application number: CN201910963780.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邬勇奇; 石云霄
Original assignee: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2019-10-11
Filing date: 2019-10-11
Publication date: 2020-01-24

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of experimental data acquisition and processing, and discloses an experimental data acquisition and processing system for determining residence time distribution, wherein a data acquisition module acquires and stores experimental data; and the data processing module imports and draws the acquired and stored experimental data into a curve graph. The data acquisition module can stably and accurately acquire data of related chemical experiments in real time and display the experimental data on a user interface of software in a curve chart mode so that personnel performing the experiments can know the state of the experiments in time; after the relevant chemical experiment is completed, the data acquisition module stores the experimental data in an Excel workbook; the experimental data processing module can import experimental data stored by experimental data acquisition software and draw a curve graph, and then process and calculate the experimental data according to different processing schemes and display the result to a user according to the requirements of related chemical experiments.

Description

Residence time distribution determination experiment data acquisition and processing system and method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of experimental data acquisition and processing, and particularly relates to an experimental data acquisition and processing system and method for residence time distribution measurement.

Background

Currently, the closest prior art:

the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) of a chemical reactor is a probability distribution function that describes the amount of time that a fluid resides within the chemical reactor. Chemical engineers use residence time distributions to characterize mixing and flow within a chemical reactor and compare the behavior of a real chemical reactor to its ideal model.

The idea of using residence time distribution in chemical reactor performance analysis was first proposed by MacMullin and Weber in a pioneer paper. However, this concept was not widely used until the early 50 s of the 20 th century, when professor p.v. danckwerts gave the organization of the residence time distribution topic by defining the most interesting distributions. Since then, the number of documents on this topic has increased, generally following the nomenclature of Danckwerts.

The Residence Time Distribution (RTD) of a chemical reactor is a characteristic of the mixing that occurs in a chemical reactor. There is no axial back-mixing in the plug flow reactor and this is reflected in its residence time distribution. The continuous stirred tank reactor is fully mixed and has a residence time distribution that is far from that of a plug flow reactor. The residence time distribution is not unique to a particular chemical reactor type. Significantly different chemical reactors may also have the same residence time distribution. Nevertheless, the residence time distribution exhibited by a given chemical reactor provides a unique clue to the type of mixing that occurs therein and is one of the most informative characteristics of a chemical reactor.

The residence time distribution can be determined by injecting an inert chemical reagent, called tracer, into the chemical reactor at a certain time t and then measuring the concentration C of the tracer in the effluent stream as a function of time. In addition to being an easily detectable non-reactive substance, the tracer should also have similar physical properties to the reactant and be completely soluble in the reactant. It should also not adsorb on the walls or other surfaces of the chemical reactor. The latter is necessary to ensure that the behaviour of the tracer will reliably reflect the behaviour of the material flowing through the chemical reactor. Colored and radioactive materials as well as inert gases are the most common types of tracers. The two most common injection methods are the pulse injection method and the step injection method. However, the existing experiment takes a long time, the number of experimental groups is large, the experimental data amount is large, the calculation amount is large, the experimental data needs to be drawn into a curve, and the like, and the characteristics obviously increase the difficulty of successfully completing the experiment.

In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:

(1) the whole experimental process uses fixed time interval to collect data, and the data collection time intervals of different experimental time periods can not be flexibly and independently set according to the characteristics of an experimental system, so that a large amount of repeated and unnecessary data are collected at the middle stage and the later stage of an experiment, and the processing workload of the later stage of the experimental data is greatly increased.

(2) In the experiment, other factors (such as fluid temperature) which affect the fluid conductivity value except the concentration of the tracer agent are not measured in real time, so that the possibility of large deviation of the calculated flow model parameters is greatly increased when experimental data are processed in a later period, and the experiment is failed.

(3) The correct time for terminating the experiment can not be intelligently judged through experimental data, and the calculation result is influenced to a certain extent.

(4) The existing experiment has the characteristics of long time consumption, more experiment groups, large experiment data amount, large calculation amount, need of drawing the experiment data into a curve and the like, so that the difficulty of successfully completing the experiment is obviously increased.

The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows:

when the residence time distribution of the reaction system is measured by pulse injection, the rate of change of the conductivity signal is not constant. In a single kettle type reactor, the characteristics that the signal changes very quickly in the early stage and very slowly in the later stage are shown; in the multi-kettle series connection, the conductivity signal shows the characteristics of slow change in the early stage and the later stage and fast change in the middle stage. A fixed data acquisition time interval in such systems either loses part of the available data because the signal changes too quickly to be acquired or repeats the acquisition multiple times because the signal does not change in duration, greatly increasing the amount of post-processing. In addition, factors influencing the change of the conductivity of the fluid in the experiment are not only an option of the concentration of the tracer, but also have great influence on the experimental result due to the existence of other factors, and the factors are often hidden and can be found through multiple times of intensive observation, calculation and discussion. The establishment of the end point of the experimental time also needs to integrate a plurality of indexes (such as an initial value comparison index, a temperature influence correction index, a stability index in a period of time and the like) to make correct judgment.

The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows:

after the problems are solved, the success rate of the residence time distribution determination experiment is greatly improved, and the acquisition amount of experiment data is more scientific and reasonable; in the data processing module, the obtained model parameters are more accurate, the comparative analysis of some recessive factors influencing the calculation result is clear, and a reliable model can be provided for the prediction of the reaction result of the reactor.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a residence time distribution determination experiment data acquisition and processing system and method.

The invention is realized in this way, a residence time distribution determination experiment data acquisition and processing system, comprising: the data acquisition module and the data processing module;

the data acquisition module is used for acquiring and storing experimental data;

and the data processing module is used for importing the collected and stored experimental data and drawing a curve graph.

Further, the data acquisition module comprises a data preprocessing unit, a timing starting unit, a data acquisition unit, a data receiving unit, a data display unit, a data storage unit and a curve drawing unit;

the data preprocessing unit inputs an experiment number in the text box and sets an experiment data acquisition interval; inputting a fluid flow value and a stirring rotating speed value according to experimental conditions, and emptying all data which are not stored;

the timing starting unit is used for resetting the experimental timing to zero, setting the interval of the events triggered by the timer to be 1000 milliseconds and then starting the timer;

the data acquisition unit is used for triggering an event at regular intervals by the timer, and the event can execute the data acquisition command sent to the serial port and then wait for the data to return;

the data receiving unit is used for triggering the event again after the data return, and the event can receive the original data;

the data display unit is used for displaying the experimental data received by the data receiving unit in the status bar;

the curve drawing unit is used for drawing the acquired experimental data in a conductivity curve and a temperature curve;

and the data storage unit stops the timer to stop collecting the experimental data, and stores the collected experimental data in the Excel document after filling the file name.

Further, the data processing module comprises a data import unit, a data processing unit, a result display unit and a result storage unit;

the data import unit imports the Excel document storing the experimental data into the data processing module;

inputting the effective volume of the reactor accurately measured in the experiment into a corresponding reactor volume input box;

the data processing unit is used for processing the imported experimental data;

the result display unit is used for outputting and displaying the experimental data processing result in the text box;

and a result storage unit for exporting and storing the processing result of the experimental data.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for collecting and processing residence time distribution measurement experiment data, wherein the method comprises:

and acquiring experimental data in the reaction system by adopting a time interval mode.

Synchronously recording conductivity values of fluid at the outlet of each reactor in the reaction system at multiple points according to the collected experimental data, synchronously monitoring and recording temperature data influencing the conductivity of the fluid, and displaying the recorded data on a screen in a curve manner in real time; and after the experiment is finished, storing the data file in an excel format.

The experiment can be started after the flow in each reactor of the experimental determination system is ensured to be in a stable flow state. This can be judged by the change in the level of the liquid in the reactor as the fluid flows through the respective reactor under agitation. Within a certain time (determined by combining specific experimental conditions, the general interval is 2-3 minutes), if the liquid level cannot be kept constant, the system still does not reach the stability at the time, further waiting is needed, and the tracer cannot be injected to start the experiment, which is a place easily ignored by experimenters. If the experiment is started by injecting the tracer at this time, the experimental data errors will be caused, such as: the calculated space time from the effective volume of the reactor and the volumetric flow rate of the incompressible fluid deviates from the average residence time calculated from the residence time distribution data; the effective volume of each reactor in a stable state is always kept constant, and the reactor can be accurately measured after the experiment is finished and used for subsequent data processing. And determining the experimental endpoint time by combining the conductivity initial value and the temperature influence index, calculating a model parameter with high reliability after eliminating the temperature influence, and performing comparative analysis on the calculation result neglecting the factors (such as the stability of the system flow state, the temperature and the like).

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

firstly, inputting an experiment number in a text box before acquiring experiment data, and setting an experiment data acquisition interval; and inputting a fluid flow value and a stirring rotating speed value according to experimental conditions, and emptying all unsaved data.

And step two, resetting the experimental timing to zero, setting the interval of the timer triggering events to 1000 milliseconds, and then starting the timer.

And step three, the timer triggers an event at regular intervals, the event can execute the data acquisition instruction sent to the serial port, and then the data return is waited.

Step four, the event is triggered again after the data is returned, and the event receives the original data; the received experimental data is displayed in the status bar.

And step five, drawing the acquired experimental data in a conductivity curve and a temperature curve.

And step six, stopping collecting the experimental data by the timer, and storing the collected experimental data in an Excel document after filling the file name.

And step seven, importing the Excel document storing the experimental data into a data processing module, inputting the corresponding effective volume of the measured reactor, and processing the imported experimental data.

And step eight, outputting and displaying the experimental data processing result in the text box, and exporting and storing the experimental data processing result.

Further, in the seventh step, the method for processing the stored experimental data includes:

(1) the time increment Δ t is chosen such that the tracer concentration c (t) between time t and time (t + Δ t) is substantially the same; the quantity of tracer leaving the reactor between time t and t + Δ t, Δ N, is

ΔN＝C(t)vΔt

Wherein υ is the volumetric flow rate of the fluid; Δ N is the amount of material leaving the reactor that has a residence time in the reactor between t and t + Δ t; divided by the total amount of tracer injected into the reactor, N0, to give

Represents the proportion of tracer in the reactor with a residence time between t and t + Δ t;

(2) definition of

Then there is

If N0 is not directly known, it is obtained from the outlet concentration measurement by time integration of all tracer doses Δ N from zero to infinity; the following equation is written in differential form

dN＝vC(t)dt

Then, integration is carried out to obtain

The volume flow rate v is constant and is defined as E (t)

The E curve is the C curve divided by the area under the C curve.

The invention also aims to provide an information data processing terminal for realizing the residence time distribution measurement experiment data acquisition and processing method.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium, which includes instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the residence time distribution measuring experiment data collecting and processing method.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for collecting and processing residence time distribution measurement experiment data, comprising: the device comprises a stirring motor, a conductivity display instrument, a temperature display instrument, a rotor flow meter, a water pump and a water tank;

the stirrer in the kettle is indirectly driven by a stirring motor through an end surface magnetic driver, and is regulated and controlled by a rotating speed regulator to measure the speed;

the main flow is pressurized by a water pump, the flow is measured by a rotor flow meter, and the main flow is added into a temperature measuring tank provided with a temperature display instrument or the top of the first kettle, then is discharged from the bottom of the kettle or enters the second kettle, flows downwards step by step, is discharged from the bottom of the third kettle and flows into a sewer; respectively injecting the tracer agent from the top filling opening of each kettle as required;

the tracer agent for the experiment is KCl saturated solution, is injected into the reactor, and the concentration C (tau) of the tracer agent at different moments is detected by platinum electrodes arranged at discharge pipes at the bottom of each kettle;

the platinum electrode is a sensor of a conductivity display instrument, when aqueous solution containing KCl passes through the platinum electrode arranged at a liquid phase outlet in the kettle, the conductivity instrument converts the concentration C (tau) into a millivolt-level direct-current voltage signal, and the signal is converted into a digital signal from an analog signal after being processed by an amplifier and an A/D converter; the digital signal representing the concentration C (tau) is programmed by the microcomputer for data acquisition, recording and processing.

In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:

taking a three-kettle series connection residence time distribution determination experiment with the stirring speed of 150 revolutions per minute and the fluid flow of 10 liters per hour as an example, the experimental data collected by the invention are as follows:

the above data can be processed using the residence time distribution theory. When the influence of the temperature change of the fluid is not considered, the calculation result of the existing software is as follows: the single pot model parameter N is about 0.5(<1), the two pot series model parameter N is about 1.4(<2), and the three pot series model parameter N is about 2.6(<3), with model parameters less than the actual number of pots in series often occurring. According to theoretical derivation, the model parameter value N is not less than the serial number of the corresponding actual kettle. The main symptom of the problem is that the existing software does not monitor and synchronously record the fluid temperature influencing the conductivity value, and cannot eliminate the influence of the factors on the calculation result, so that when the temperature changes, the calculation of the model parameters has larger errors.

On the basis of sufficient experimental investigation, a relatively accurate conductivity-temperature change line of the experimental fluid is made, and a data acquisition module (software) synchronously acquires temperature data in real time. The experimental data processing module (software) adopts a preset conductivity baseline correction principle (according to a made main fluid conductivity-temperature change standard line) according to corresponding temperature values at different time of an experiment to eliminate the influence of temperature change on fluid conductivity, so that the corrected experimental data is only a function (a univariate function) of tracer concentration, and the model parameters calculated on the basis are reliable. The results of the invention processing the above table data are: the model parameter N for a single pot is about 1.0 (> 1), the model parameter N for a two pot series is about 2.1(>2), and the model parameter N for a three pot series is about 3.3(> 3). The results agree with theory and the space time and the mean residence time of the reactor can also be verified against each other (both are equal). The model has high reliability.

The data acquisition module can stably and accurately acquire data of related chemical experiments in real time and display the experimental data on a user interface of software in a curve chart mode so that personnel performing the experiments can know the experiment performing state in time. After the relevant chemical experiment is completed, the data acquisition module stores the experimental data in the Excel workbook. The experimental data processing module can import experimental data stored by the experimental data acquisition software and draw a curve graph, then process and calculate the experimental data according to the requirements of related chemical experiments and display the result to a user.

The invention has flexible collection time interval setting, is suitable for autonomous setting according to the characteristics of different reaction systems, and is convenient to use.

The invention synchronously records the conductivity values of the fluid at the outlet of each reactor at multiple points, synchronously monitors and records the temperature data influencing the fluid conductivity, and displays the recorded data on a screen in a curve mode in real time. After the experiment is finished, storing the data file in an excel format;

the invention can combine the conductivity initial value and the temperature influence to determine the experiment end time, and calculate the model parameter with higher reliability after eliminating the temperature influence, and simultaneously can compare the calculation results neglecting the factors, thereby finding the deviation.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a residence time distribution measurement experiment data acquisition and processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a data acquisition module; 1-1, a data preprocessing unit; 1-2, a timing starting unit; 1-3, a data acquisition unit; 1-4, a data receiving unit; 1-5, a data display unit; 1-6, a data storage unit; 1-7, a curve drawing unit; 2. a data processing module; 2-1, a data import unit; 2-2, a data processing unit; 2-3, a result display unit; 2-4, result storage unit.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a residence time distribution measurement experiment data acquisition and processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an experimental apparatus for determining residence time distribution of a multi-kettle series reactor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 3. a stirring motor; 4. a conductivity display meter; 5. a temperature display instrument; 6. a rotameter; 7. a water pump; 8. a water tank.

Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a data acquisition principle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a user interface of a system data acquisition module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a conductivity and temperature profile tab interface provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a user interface of a system experiment data processing module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a conductivity curve interface provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a temperature profile interface provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of an experimental data processing result interface provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The existing experiment has the characteristics of long time consumption, more experiment groups, large experiment data amount, large calculation amount, need of drawing the experiment data into a curve and the like, so that the difficulty of successfully completing the experiment is obviously increased.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for collecting and processing residence time distribution determination experiment data, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the system for collecting and processing residence time distribution measurement experiment data provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a data acquisition module 1 and a data processing module 2.

And the data acquisition module 1 is used for acquiring and storing experimental data.

And the data processing module 2 imports and draws the acquired and stored experimental data into a curve graph.

In the embodiment of the invention, the data acquisition module 1 comprises a data preprocessing unit 1-1, a timing starting unit 1-2, a data acquisition unit 1-3, a data receiving unit 1-4, a data display unit 1-5, a data storage unit 1-6 and a curve drawing unit 1-7.

And the data preprocessing unit 1-1 inputs an experiment number in the text box and sets an experiment data acquisition interval. And inputting a fluid flow value and a stirring rotating speed value according to experimental conditions, and emptying all unsaved data.

And (4) a timing starting unit 1-2, the experimental timing is reset to zero, the interval of the timer triggering event is set to 1000 milliseconds, and then the timer is started.

The data acquisition unit 1-3, the timer will trigger an event at regular intervals, and the event will execute sending data acquisition command to the serial port, and then wait for data to return.

And the data receiving units 1-4 can trigger the event again after the data return, and the event can receive the original data.

And the data display unit 1-5 is used for displaying the experimental data received by the data receiving unit in the status bar.

And the curve drawing units 1-6 draw the collected experimental data in a conductivity curve and a temperature curve.

And the data storage unit 1-7 stops the timer to stop collecting the experimental data, and stores the collected experimental data in an Excel document after filling the file name.

In the embodiment of the invention, the data processing module 2 comprises a data importing unit 2-1, a data processing unit 2-2, a result displaying unit 2-3 and a result storing unit 2-4.

And the data import unit 2-1 imports the Excel document storing the experimental data into the data processing module.

And the data processing unit 2-2 is used for processing the imported experimental data.

And the result display unit 2-3 is used for outputting and displaying the experimental data processing result in the text box.

And a result storage unit 2-4 for exporting and storing the processing result of the experimental data.

As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for collecting and processing data of a residence time distribution measurement experiment, where the method includes the following steps:

s101: before experimental data is collected, an experimental number is input into a text box, and an experimental data collection interval is set. And inputting a fluid flow value and a stirring rotating speed value according to experimental conditions, and emptying all unsaved data.

S102: the experimental timing was zeroed and the timer-triggered event interval was set to 1000 milliseconds, and then the timer was started.

S103: the timer will trigger an event at regular intervals, which will execute the data acquisition command to the serial port and then wait for the data to return.

S104: after the data is returned, the event is triggered again, and the event receives the original data; the received experimental data is displayed in the status bar.

S105: the collected experimental data were plotted in a conductivity curve and a temperature curve.

S106: and stopping collecting the experimental data by the stop timer, and storing the collected experimental data in an Excel document after filling the file name.

S107: and importing the Excel document storing the experimental data into a data processing module, and processing the imported experimental data.

S108: and outputting and displaying the experimental data processing result in a text box, and exporting and storing the experimental data processing result.

The invention is further described below in connection with a system overview.

1. Residence time distribution of reactor

2. Overview of System development

System development is the process of computer programming, documentation, testing, and error repair involved in creating and maintaining applications and frameworks, producing software products. System development is the process of writing and maintaining source code, but in a broader sense it involves everything between the concept of the required software and the ultimate manifestation of the software. Thus, system development may include research, new development, prototyping, modification, reuse, redesign, maintenance, or any other activity that results in a software product.

3. System demand analysis

3.1 System design requirements

(1) Real-time property

The relevant chemical experiments of the present invention require recording the change in conductivity of the fluid over time. In conducting related chemical experiments, the conductivity of the fluid sometimes changes very rapidly. In this case, the conductivity value of the fluid is recorded at least once per second in order to more truly reflect the change in the conductivity of the fluid over time. To meet the requirements of the relevant chemical experiments, the software must be able to record the conductivity of the fluid in real time.

(2) Stability of

The relevant chemical experiment of the invention takes longer time, and once the experiment fails, much time is wasted. Incomplete experimental data records are also one of the reasons that may lead to experimental failure. In order to ensure that students can smoothly complete related chemical experiments, teachers can smoothly complete teaching of the related chemical experiments, and software must have high enough stability and cannot have unexpected abnormity in the software running process.

(3) Accuracy of

Similarly, an error in the recording of experimental data may also cause a failure of the related chemical experiment, resulting in unnecessary time waste. Therefore, the software must be able to accurately record the data of the related experiments, and no error is generated to ensure the smooth proceeding of the related chemical experiments.

3.2 System functional requirements

In terms of system functions, the data acquisition software is required to be capable of acquiring data of relevant chemical experiments stably and accurately in real time and displaying the experimental data on a user interface of the software in a curve chart form so that personnel performing the experiments can know the experiment performing state in time. After the relevant chemical experiment is completed, the data acquisition software also needs to store the experimental data in an Excel workbook. The experimental data processing software is capable of importing the experimental data stored by the experimental data acquisition software and drawing the data into a curve graph, and then processing and calculating the experimental data according to the requirements of related chemical experiments and displaying the result to a user.

4. System development selection

4.1 programming language selection

There are many programming languages, such as C + +, Visual Basic, C #, etc., that can meet the requirements of the present invention for developing software. The above programming languages have respective advantages, and finally the invention selects C # to develop the software of the invention. The C # programming language is briefly introduced below and the reason for the invention to select C # is given.

C # is a multi-modal programming language that supports strongly typed, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based) and component-oriented programming rules. It was developed by Microsoft in its NET project and later approved as a standard by the ECMA international and international organization for standardization. C # is one of the programming languages designed for the common language infrastructure.

C # is a general, object-oriented programming language, however C # further provides support for component-oriented programming. Its development team was led by Anders Hejlsberg. Modern software design increasingly relies on software components in the form of self-contained and self-describing feature packages. The key to such components is that they provide a programming model through properties, methods, and events; they have properties that provide declarative information about the component; at the same time, they are also documented. The language constructs provided by C # directly support these concepts, making C # language an option for creating and using software components in its own right.

4.2 System development tool selection

In order to make the system development more smooth, it is important to select an integrated development environment that is suitable for the present invention and is easy to use.

An integrated development environment is a software application that provides a comprehensive tool for software development for computer programmers. An integrated development environment is typically composed of a source code editor, build automation tools, and a debugger. Most modern integrated development environments have the function of intelligent code completion. The boundaries between the integrated development environment and other parts of the broader software development environment have not been well defined. Some integrated development environments integrate various tools for versioning systems or simplifying the construction of graphical user interfaces. Many modern integrated development environments also have class browsers, object browsers, and class hierarchy architectural diagrams for object-oriented software development.

There are currently several integrated development environments that support software development using the C # language, such as MonoDevelop, SharpDevelop, Microsoft Visual Studio. In conjunction with the practice of the present invention, Microsoft Visual Studio was selected.

Microsoft Visual Studio is an integrated development environment from Microsoft corporation. It is used to develop Microsoft Windows computer programs, as well as websites, web applications, web services, and mobile applications. Visual Studio uses a Microsoft software development platform, such as Windows API, Windows Forms. It may generate native code and managed code.

The Visual Studio contains a code editor that supports IntelliSense (code completion component) and code reconstruction. The integrated debugger may function as both a source-level debugger and a machine-level debugger. Other built-in tools include code analyzers, window designers for building graphical user interface applications, Web designers, class designers, and database schema designers. Microsoft provides a free version of Visual Studio, called the community version, supporting plug-ins, which are available for free. The Visual Studio used by the software developed by the invention is the version.

5. Detailed system design

The system of the invention adopts Windows Forms to design the user interface.

Windows Forms is part of the Microsoft NET development framework's graphical user interface that provides access to Windows local components by encapsulating existing Windows APIs (Win32 APIs) into managed code.

A Windows form application is an event-driven application supported by Microsoft. Unlike batch processes, it takes much time just to wait for the user to perform some operation, such as filling in a text box or clicking a button.

Windows Forms provides access to native Windows user interface common controls by wrapping existing Windows APIs in managed code. NET Framework provides a more comprehensive Win32 API abstraction than Visual Basic or MFC with the help of Windows Forms. The NET components used by the software of the present invention are listed below.

TABLE 4-1 Net Components used in the software

The invention is further described below with reference to specific assays.

(1)SerialPort

The software of the present invention uses this to control the serial port resources. This class provides synchronization and event driven input/output, access to pin and interrupt states, and access to serial driver attributes. Furthermore, the functionality of this class may also be wrapped in an internal Stream object, accessible through BaseStream attributes, and passed to the class wrapping or using the Stream. The programmer may use the GetPortNames method to acquire all valid serial ports of the current computer.

(2)Button

The button may be clicked using the left mouse button or the enter button. The space key may also be used if the button gains focus. The AcceptButton or CancelButton attribute of the window may be set even if the button has no focus, allowing the user to click on the button by pressing the enter or exit key. This gives the window dialog a way of behaving.

When a window is displayed using the ShowDialog method, the return value of ShowDialog can be specified by the DialogResult attribute of the button.

The appearance of the button can be changed. For example, to make the button look flat, the platstyle attribute is to be set to platstyle. Popup, the button does not appear flat until the mouse pointer crosses it. Then the button will have a standard Windows button appearance.

(3)ContextMenuStrip

ContextMeNuStrip replaces ContextMenu. ContextMenuStrip can be associated with any control, and clicking the right mouse button automatically displays a shortcut menu. ContextMenusstrip can also be displayed programmatically using the Show method. ContextMenuStrip supports cancelable open and close events to handle dynamic fill and multi-click scenarios. ContextMenuStrip supports text, images, access keys, menu item check status, shortcuts, and cascading menus.

The shortcut menu is typically used to combine different menu items from the MenuStrip of the window that are useful to the user. For example, a shortcut menu assigned to the TextBox control may be used to provide menu items for clipboard functions that change text fonts, find text within the control, or copy and paste text. A new toolpipelines menuitem object not in the MenuStrip may also be disclosed in the shortcut menu to provide context-specific commands that are not suitable for the MenuStrip display.

Typically, a quick menu will be displayed when the user clicks the right mouse button on the control or form itself. Many visible controls, as well as the window itself, have a control that binds the shortcut menu displayed by the ContextMenuStrip class to the control. Multiple controls can use the same ContextMenuStrip.

The toolstripdowdownminu. showceckmargin attribute may be set to true to add a space of a check mark to the left of the toolstrimenuitem, showing that the menu item is enabled or checked. By default, the toolstripdropdownminu. showimagemarkin attribute is set to true. The image of the menu item can be displayed using the space to the left of the ToolStripMenuItem.

(4)Form

Form is the representation of any window displayed in an application. The Form class can be used to create standard windows, tool windows, borderless windows, or floating windows. Form classes can also be used to create modal windows, such as dialog boxes.

Specifying the size, appearance, color, and window management functions of the window or dialog box to be created may be through available attributes in the Form class. The Text attribute allows the window title in the title bar to be specified. The Size and desktop location attributes allow the Size and position of the window when displayed to be defined. The default foreground color of all controls placed on a window may be modified by the ForeColor color attribute. The FormBorderStyle, minimizeBox, and MaximizeBox attributes allow control over whether a window can be minimized, maximized, or resized at runtime.

In addition to attributes, the window may be operated using a class method. For example, a ShowDialog method may be used to display a window as a modal dialog. The window is located on the desktop, which may be by the setdesktop location method.

Form-like events allow responses to operations performed on a window. An Activated event may be used in order to perform an operation, such as updating data displayed in a control of a window when the window is Activated.

(5)GroupBox

GroupBox shows frames with or without title. GroupBox is used to logically group a collection of controls on a window. A group box is a container control that can be used to define a group of controls.

A typical use of a packet box is a RadioButton control containing logical groups. If there are two grouping boxes, each containing several option buttons (also called radio buttons), the buttons of each group are mutually exclusive and each group is set with an option value.

(6)Label

Providing descriptive text for controls is typically with Label controls. For example, a Label may be used to add descriptive text to the TextBox control, informing the user of the type of data expected in the control. The Label control can also add explanatory text to the Form, providing useful information to the user. For example, a Label can be added to the top of the Form to explain to the user how to enter data in the controls of the Form. The Label control can also be used to display state information of the runtime application. For example, a Label control can be added to the window to display the state of each file as it is processed.

In addition to displaying text, the Label control can also display images using an Image attribute or a combination of ImageIndex and ImageList attributes.

(7)NumericUpDown

The NumericUpDown control is a control that contains a single numeric value that can be incremented or decremented by clicking an up or down button. The user may also enter a value unless the ReadOnly attribute is set to true.

The digital display can be formatted by setting the DecimalPlaces, Hexadecmal or ThiusandsSeparator attribute.

(8)OpenFileDialog

This allows viewing of the file as it exists and opening it. The ShowReadOnly attribute specifies whether a read-only check box is displayed in this dialog box. The ReadOnlyChecked attribute indicates whether the read-only checkbox is checked.

(9)PictureBox

Typically, the PictureBox is used to display images from icons, metafiles, bitmaps, JPEG, GIF, or PNG files.

By default, the PictureBox control does not have any borders when displayed. The BorderStyle attribute may be used to provide a standard or three-dimensional border to distinguish the picture frame from the rest of the window even though it does not contain any images. The PictureBox may not get the focus of the input because it is not a control that can be selected.

(10)SaveFileDialog

Such may open and overwrite an existing file or create a new file.

(11)StatusStrip

The StatusStrip control displays information about the object displayed on the Form, the components of the object, or contextual information related to the operation of the object in the application. Typically, the StatusStrip control consists of ToolStripStatusLabel objects, each of which displays an icon, text, or both. StatusStrip may also contain ToolStripDropDownbutton, ToolStripSplitbutton, and ToolStripProgressBar controls.

StatusStrip will replace the StatusBar control. While StatusStrip replaces and extends the previous version of StatusBar control, if the programmer chooses, StatusBar will be retained for backward compatibility and future use.

(12)TabControl

TabControl contains a tab page represented by a TabPage object added by a TabPages attribute. The order of the tab pages in this collection embodies the order in which the tabs are displayed in the control.

The user's desire to change the current TabPage may be accomplished by clicking on a tab in the control. The programmer can programmatically change the current TabPage by using the TabControl attribute SelectedTab or SelectedIndex.

(13)TableLayoutPanel

The TableLayoutPanel control arranges its child controls in a grid. Since the arrangement is implemented at design time and run time, it can dynamically change as the application environment changes. This will enable the controls in the panel to have the function of resizing proportionally and therefore can respond to changes in parent control resizing or text length changes due to localization.

Including other examples of TableLayoutPanel, any Windows Forms control may be a child control of the TableLayoutPanel control. This allows programmers to construct complex layouts that adapt to changes at runtime.

When a new control is added, the TableLayoutPanel control can be expanded to accommodate the new control according to the values of the GrowStyle, ColumnCount, and RowCount attributes. Setting the value of the ColumnCount or RowCount attribute to 0 indicates that tablelayoutpannel will unbind in the corresponding direction.

The programmer may also control the direction of the extension (horizontal or vertical) after TableLayoutPanel is filled with sub-control controls. By default, the TableLayoutPanel control extends downward by adding rows.

Merging cells in the TableLayoutPanel control can be achieved by setting the RowSpan or ColumnSpan property of the child control.

(14)TabPage

The tabbed control represents a page of tabbed in the TabControl control. The order of tab pages in the TabControl. tabpages collection will be reflected in the order of the tabs in the TabControl. The order of the tabs in the control must be changed by removing and inserting them at the new index.

The TabPage Control is constrained by its container, so some properties inherited from the Control base class will have no effect, including Show, Top, Height, Hide, Left, and Width.

(15)TextBox

The user may enter text in the application using the TextBox control. The control also has additional functionality not found in standard Windows textbox controls, such as password character masking and multi-line editing.

Typically, a TextBox control is used to accept input or display a single line of text. Programmers can use the ScrollBar and Multiline properties to enable the entry or display of multiple lines of text. More text operations are enabled in the multi-line TextBox control, to set the acceptsrurn and accepttab attributes to true.

An event handler is created for the KeyDown event that can restrict the text entered into the TextBox control for checking each character in the input control. Restricting the entry of all data in the TextBox control is accomplished by setting the ReadOnly property to true.

(16)ToolStripMenuItem

The ToolStripMenuItem class provides properties that can configure the functionality and appearance of menu items. ToolStripMenuItem must be added to the MenuStrip or ContextMeuNuStrip to enable it to be displayed.

(17)ToolStatusLabel

The ToolStripStatusLabel is a version of ToolStripLabel designed specifically for use in StatusStrip.

The ToolStripStatusLabel can contain text or icons that reflect the state of the application. The search, addition, or deletion of the ToolStripStatusLabel object is via the ToolStripItemCollection class.

While the ToolStripStatusLabel replaces and adds functionality to the StatusBarPanel control of the previous version, the option of reserving StatusBarPanel may also be selected for backward compatibility and future use.

(18)Timer

The Timer is used to trigger events at user-defined time intervals. This timer performs a polling operation using a Tick event or displays a start screen within a specified time period. Whenever the Enabled attribute is set to true and the Interval attribute is greater than zero, the Tick event will fire according to the Interval set by the Interval attribute. This class provides methods of setting intervals, starting and stopping timers.

(19)Chart

This class discloses all the properties, methods and events of the Chart Windows control. Two important attributes of the Chart class are the Series and ChartAreas attributes, which are both aggregate attributes. Series collection properties store Series objects for storing data to be displayed and properties for the data. The chartarreases collection attribute stores chartarreaea objects, which are used primarily to draw one or more charts using a set of axes.

The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples and experiments.

Example 1:

residence time distribution measurement experiment

1. Theory and device for residence time distribution determination experiment

1.1 Experimental Key theories and techniques

1.1.1 method for determining residence time distribution

The residence time distribution can be determined by injecting an inert chemical reagent, called tracer, into the chemical reactor at a certain time t and then measuring the concentration C of the tracer in the effluent stream as a function of time. In addition to being an easily detectable non-reactive substance, the tracer should also have similar physical properties to the reactant and be completely soluble in the reactant. It should also not adsorb on the walls or other surfaces of the chemical reactor. The latter is necessary to ensure that the behaviour of the tracer will reliably reflect the behaviour of the material flowing through the chemical reactor. Colored and radioactive materials as well as inert gases are the most common types of tracers. The two most common injection methods are the pulse injection method and the step injection method.

The relevant experiment of the invention adopts a pulse injection method. Therefore, the present invention will be described in detail below with respect to how the pulse injection method is used to determine the residence time distribution of the chemical reactor.

The pulsed injection method is to inject a certain amount (N0) of tracer suddenly into the feed stream of the reactor for as short a time as possible, and then measure the outlet concentration as a function of time. The discharged tracer concentration versus time curve is referred to as the C-curve in the residence time distribution analysis.

The single feed and single discharge systems will be analyzed for tracer pulse injection, where only the bulk fluid (i.e., no diffusion) carries the tracer across the system boundary. The time increment Δ t is chosen to be sufficiently small that the tracer concentration c (t) is substantially the same between time t and time (t + Δ t). Then, the amount of tracer leaving the reactor between time t and t + Δ t, Δ N, is

ΔN＝C(t)vΔt(3-1)

Where v is the volumetric flow rate of the fluid. In other words, Δ N is the amount of material leaving the reactor that has a residence time in the reactor between t and t + Δ t. If the invention now divides by the total amount of tracer injected into the reactor N0, the invention yields

It represents the proportion of tracer in the reactor with a residence time between t and t + Δ t.

For the pulse implantation method, define

Then there is

If N0 is not directly known, it can be obtained from the outlet concentration measurement by time integrating all tracer doses Δ N from zero to infinity. Writing equation (3-1) in differential form

dN＝vC(t)dt(3-5)

Then, integration is carried out to obtain

The volume flow rate v is usually constant, so E (t) can be defined as

The E curve is the C curve divided by the area under the C curve.

The main difficulty with the pulsed injection process is to obtain a reasonable pulse at the reactor inlet. The injection must be carried out in a very short time compared to the residence time in the reactor or in the various sections of the reactor system, and the amount of diffusion between the injection point and into the reactor system is negligible. If these conditions can be met, the process is a simple and straightforward way to obtain residence time distribution. If the draw concentration-time curve is tailing, as the analysis may suffer from greater inaccuracies, there may be a problem fitting E (t) to a polynomial. This problem mainly affects the denominator on the right hand side of equation (3-7), i.e., the integral of the c (t) curve.

1.1.2 characteristics of residence time distribution function

Sometimes referred to as e (t) is an outflow time distribution function. If "time" is taken as the time it remains in the reaction environment, E (t) is related to the residence time distribution of the draw stream. It is the most common distribution function associated with reactor analysis because it characterizes the length of time that various atoms participate in the reaction.

(1) Mean residence time

In the treatment of an ideal reactor, the frequently used parameter space time or mean residence time τ is defined to be equal to (V/V). It will be noted below that for a constant volumetric flow (υ 0) without diffusion, the space time τ referred to in the residence time distribution is equal to the average residence time tm for a particular reactor, whether ideal or non-ideal.

As with the other variables described by the residence time distribution function, the average residence time is equal to the mathematical expectation of the residence time distribution function e (t). The mean residence time is therefore

The total volume of the reactor is determined using the cumulative residence time distribution function. It can be shown that for a constant volume flow rate, the mean residence time is equal to the space time, i.e.

t_m＝τ (3-9)

This result is only applicable to closed systems (i.e., no boundary diffusion). The volume of the reactor can be determined by the following formula

V＝vt_m(3-10)

(2) Variance of residence time distribution

Their numerical characteristics are often used to compare residence time distributions rather than attempting to compare their entire distributions. For this purpose, two statistical characteristic values are generally used. The first is the mean residence time, tm. The second commonly used is called the variance σ 2, or the square of the standard deviation. It is defined as

The size of the numerical feature represents the degree of dispersion of the residence time distribution curve; the larger its value, the more discretized the residence time distribution.

(3) Normalized residence time distribution function

A normalized residence time distribution function is typically used instead of e (t). If the parameter theta is defined as

The quantity Θ represents the amount of volume of fluid flowing through the reactor relative to the reactor volume based on the inlet conditions over time t. A dimensionless RTD function E (Θ) is defined as

E(θ)＝τE(t) (3-13)

The purpose of establishing such a normalized residence time distribution function is to allow direct comparison of flow performance in reactors of different sizes. For example, if the normalization function E (Θ) is used, the CSTRs of all mixed flows have the same RTD in value. If a simple function E (t) is used, the value of E (t) may vary greatly for CSTRs of different volumes V and input volumetric flow rates V0. For a fully mixed flow continuous stirred tank reactor,

thus, it is possible to provide

E(θ)＝τE(t)＝e^-θ(3-15)

From these equations it can be seen that at the same time the value of e (t) can be quite different for two different volume flow rates, namely v 1 and v 2. But the value of E (Θ) is the same for the same value of Θ, regardless of the size or volumetric flow rate of a fully mixed flow continuous stirred tank reactor.

This is readily achieved

(4) Multi-kettle series single-parameter model

The present invention analyzes the residence time distribution of a tracer injected from a pulse into the first of three serially connected continuous stirred tank reactors of the same size.

The fraction of material leaving the three reactor system (i.e. leaving the third reactor) at a time in the system between t and t + Δ t is defined as

Then there is

In this expression, C₃(t) is the concentration of tracer in the effluent from the third reactor, the other terms being as defined above.

By sequential tracer material balance for reactors 1, 2 and 3, the outlet tracer concentration for reactor 3

Substituting equations (3-19) into equations (3-18).

The method is summarized as n continuous stirred tank reactors, and the residence time distribution function E (t) of the n continuous stirred tank reactors connected in series is obtained:

equations (3-21) will be more useful if E (Θ) is represented in a dimensionless form. Since the total reactor volume is nVi, τ i τ/n, where τ represents the total reactor volume divided by the flow rate, v, there

Where Θ is t/τ, the number of reactor volumes of fluid that has passed through the reactor after time t.

Here, (E (Θ) d Θ) is the fraction between dimensionless times Θ and (Θ + d Θ).

As the number becomes very large, the behavior of the system approaches that of a plug flow reactor.

The invention can calculate the dimensionless variance by tracing the experimentTo determine the number of tanks connected in series

The number of the kettles connected in series is

This expression represents the number of tanks required to simulate a real reactor as n ideal tanks in series. If the number n of reactors becomes smaller, the reactor characteristics become those of a single continuous stirred tank reactor or two continuous stirred tank reactors connected in series. At the other extreme, the reactor characteristics approach those of a plug flow reactor as n becomes larger.

1.1.3 data acquisition communication protocol

The instrument used by the experimental device is an AI series display control instrument manufactured by Xiamen electronic automation science and technology Limited. Xiamen electric automation science and technology limited develops special communication protocol for AI series display control instrument, namely AIBUS.

1.2 Experimental facility and Process

One of the relevant experiments of the invention is a multi-kettle series residence time distribution determination experiment. The experimental set-up is shown in scheme 3. The method comprises the following steps: stirring motor 3, conductivity display instrument 4, temperature display instrument 5, rotameter 6, water pump 7, water tank 8.

The stirrer in the kettle is indirectly driven by a stirring motor 3 (a direct current motor) through an end face magnetic driver, and is regulated and controlled by a rotating speed regulator to measure the speed. The main flow (water) is pressurized by a water pump 7, a rotor flow meter 6 measures the flow, and the main flow is added into a temperature measuring groove (provided with a temperature display instrument 5) or the top of the first kettle, then is discharged from the bottom of the kettle or enters the second kettle, flows downwards step by step, is discharged from the bottom of the third kettle and flows into a sewer. The tracer can be injected from the top filling opening of each kettle respectively according to the requirement.

The tracer used for the experiment was a saturated solution of KCl, injected instantaneously into the reactor, the concentration C (τ) of the tracer at different times being detected by platinum electrodes, not shown in fig. 3, provided at the discharge pipes at the bottom of each tank.

The platinum electrode is a sensor of a conductivity meter (conductivity display meter 4), when an aqueous solution containing KCl passes through the platinum electrode arranged at a liquid phase outlet in the kettle, the conductivity meter converts the concentration C (tau) into a millivolt-level direct-current voltage signal, and the signal is processed by an amplifier and an A/D converter and then converted into a digital signal by an analog signal. The digital signal representing the concentration C (tau) is programmed by the microcomputer for data acquisition, recording and processing. The data acquisition principle block diagram is shown in fig. 4.

Example 2: software design

1. Data acquisition software

1.1 software interface

The user interface after successful start-up of the data collection software is shown in fig. 5. The initial size of the software window is 1280 × 720, which can be maximized or minimized. The window is entitled "Multi-pot series residence time distribution determination". There are two tabs within the window. The first tab is "experimental setup" and the second tab is "conductivity and temperature profile".

The experimental device is shown in the form of pictures on the left side in the 'experiment setting' tab, and the area is set for experimental data acquisition on the right side. The initial data acquisition button is located above the experimental device picture. The experiment data acquisition setting area can set experiment numbers and acquisition time intervals, and can input fluid flow and stirring rotating speed. The bottom of the window is a status bar. The status bar can program the current operating status, the conductivity of the fluid in each kettle, the temperature of the temperature measuring tank, the time the experiment has been performed, the current experimental data acquisition interval, and the like.

The interface of the "conductivity and temperature profile" tab is shown in fig. 6. Within the tab are two graphs. One is a conductivity graph and the other is a temperature graph. The conductivity graph is used to show the change in conductivity C of the fluid in each tank over time t. The conductivity curve for the fluid in tank I was blue, the conductivity curve for the fluid in tank II was yellow, and the conductivity curve for the fluid in tank III was red. The temperature graph is used for displaying the change of the temperature T of the fluid in the temperature measuring tank along with the time T.

1.2 data acquisition

(1) Preparing to collect data

Before data is acquired, the following preparation needs to be made. To be tested in "experiment number: inputting an experiment number in a text box behind a label, setting an experiment data acquisition interval, and inputting a fluid flow value and a stirring rotating speed value according to conditions selected by an experiment.

(2) Collecting data

Before starting to collect data, an initial value collection button is clicked to collect an initial value, otherwise, the initial value collection button cannot be clicked. After clicking the 'initial value collection' button, a message window pops up. If "ok" is clicked, the program will empty all unsaved data and then gather the initial values. After the initial value acquisition is successful, the program will display the initial value in the label to the left of the "initial value acquisition" button and plot in the conductivity graph and the temperature graph. Finally the program will activate the "start acquisition" button. After which the "start acquisition" button can be clicked. If "Cancel" is clicked, the program will execute nothing.

After clicking the "begin collect" button, the program will begin to automatically collect and record experimental data. The specific process is that the experimental timing returns to zero. The timer initiation event interval is set to 1000 milliseconds and then the timer is started. The timer will trigger an event at regular intervals. This event will execute the following instructions: sending a data acquisition command to the serial port and then waiting for data to return. After the data is returned, an event is triggered that processes the received raw data, displays the experimental data in a status bar, and plots the experimental data in a conductivity curve and a temperature curve. The relevant main source code is as follows.

(3) Saving data

When the experiment proceeds to meet the conditions for ending the experiment, the "stop collecting" button may be clicked to stop collecting experimental data. After clicking the "stop collecting" button, the program pops up a message window. If "ok" is clicked, the program will stop the timer and stop collecting experimental data. The "save data" button will be activated. If "cancel" is clicked, the program will not stop collecting experimental data.

If the experimental data needs to be saved, the 'save data' button is clicked. After clicking the "save data" button, the program will pop up a dialog box to save the file. After the file name is filled in, the program will save the experimental data in an Excel document by clicking the "save" button. After the experimental data is successfully stored, the program pops up a message window.

If "cancel" is clicked, the program will not save the experimental data and pop up a "experimental data not saved" message window.

If the conductivity curve graph and the temperature curve graph need to be saved, the right button can be clicked in the chart area of the two curve graphs respectively, and the program pops up a right button menu of 'saving as picture'. After clicking 'save as picture' the program will pop up the dialog box for saving the file. After filling in the file name, if the "save" button is clicked, the program will save the graph as a JPEG formatted picture. After the picture is successfully saved, the program pops up a message window. The relevant main source code is as follows.

If the "cancel" button is clicked, the program will not save the graph and pop up a "picture not saved" message window.

2. Data processing software

2.1 software interface

The user interface after a successful start of the data processing software is shown in fig. 7. The initial size of the program window is 1280 × 720, which can be maximized or minimized if desired. The window is entitled "processing of data from a multi-pot series residence time distribution measurement experiment". There are two tabs on the left side of the window. The first tab is the "conductivity curve". Within the tab is a conductivity graph showing conductivity data from the imported experimental data. The second tab is "temperature profile". Inside the tab is a temperature profile for displaying temperature data in the imported experimental data. And a button for importing experimental data, a button for calculating and a text box for outputting experimental data processing results are arranged on the right side in the window. And the experimental data processing result output text box is used for displaying the experimental data processing result. And the bottom of the window is provided with a status bar for displaying the running status of the program.

2.2 importing data

If the relevant experimental data needs to be processed by the program, the button of 'importing experimental data' needs to be clicked. After clicking the 'import experiment data button', the program pops up a dialog box for opening a file, so that the user can select an Excel document in which relevant experiment data are stored. After selecting the Excel document storing the relevant experimental data, if clicking on "open", the program will start importing the experimental data. After the experimental data is imported, the program displays prompt information that the data is imported successfully in a text box on the right side of the window. If "Cancel" is clicked, the program will not import the experimental data.

2.3 processing data

If the processing result of the experimental data is to be obtained, the 'calculate' button needs to be clicked. After clicking the "calculate" button, the program will process the imported experimental data and display the processing result in the text box on the right side of the window. The relevant main source code is as follows.

If the processing result of the experimental data needs to be saved, the button of 'exporting the processing result' is clicked. After clicking the "export processing results" button, the program pops up a save file dialog box. And selecting a storage path, clicking 'storage' after inputting a file name, and storing the experimental data processing result in the text box at the right side of the window as a text document by the program. If "cancel" is clicked, the program will not save the processing results of the experimental data.

Example 3: software testing

1. Overview of software testing

Software testing is the investigation of stakeholders to provide information about the quality of a product or service being tested. Software testing may also provide an objective, independent view of the software, enabling businesses to understand and understand the risks of software implementation. Testing techniques include the process of executing a program or application with the purpose of finding software bugs (bugs or other defects) and verifying that the software product is suitable for use.

Software testing involves executing a software component or a system component to evaluate one or more attributes of interest. Typically, these attributes represent the extent of the component or system under test:

(1) the requirement of guiding design and development is met;

(2) correctly responding to various inputs;

(3) perform its function within an acceptable time;

(4) is sufficiently usable;

(5) can be installed and operated in its intended environment;

(6) achieving the general desires of its stakeholders.

2. Operating environment requirements

The Software is developed by using NET Framework 4.6.1 Software Development Kit. Therefore, a computer running the software must install a NET Framework running with a version number of at least 4.0. Because the software stores experimental data in an Excel document, a computer running the software also needs to install Microsoft Office to normally run, and the version of the Microsoft Office is at least 2007.

3. Data acquisition software testing

The computer used for testing the data acquisition software is a computer used in experimental teaching, and the software environment is shown in the table

TABLE 5-1 data acquisition software test Environment

Through testing, the software can stably collect experimental data and correctly store the experimental data. Tests show that the software basically meets the requirements of guiding design and development, can run in an expected environment, can correctly respond to various inputs, and has enough available realized functions. Therefore, the software is suitable for being applied to teaching of relevant experiments.

4. Data processing software testing

The computer used for testing the data processing software is a notebook computer, and the software environment is shown in the table

TABLE 5-2 data processing software test Environment

After the data import is completed, the program interface is as shown in fig. 8 and 9.

In the input boxes corresponding to the first and second kettles on the interface of fig. 7, the effective volume of the reactor obtained by accurate measurement in the experiment is input (the default of the software system is 1000ml, and the value is modified according to the actual measurement result), the space time of the reactor can be calculated, and compared with the average residence time calculated by the residence time distribution function, the calculation accuracy is ensured.

As can be seen from fig. 8 and 9, the data processing software has successfully imported experimental data. Clicking the "calculate" button results in the data processing shown in fig. 10.

The experimental data processing result is accurate and reliable through verification.

In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When used in whole or in part, can be implemented in a computer program product that includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded or executed on a computer, cause the flow or functions according to embodiments of the invention to occur, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website site, computer, server, or data center to another website site, computer, server, or data center via wire (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.)). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that includes one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy Disk, hard Disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A residence time distribution measuring experiment data acquisition and processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

acquiring experimental data in the reaction system by adopting a time interval mode;

synchronously recording conductivity values of fluid at the outlet of each reactor in the reaction system at multiple points according to the collected experimental data, synchronously monitoring and recording temperature data influencing the conductivity of the fluid, and displaying the recorded data on a screen in a curve manner in real time; after the experiment is finished, storing the data file in an excel format;

and determining the experimental endpoint time by combining the conductivity initial value and the temperature influence index, calculating model parameters with high reliability after eliminating the temperature influence, and comparing calculation results neglecting the factors to obtain the deviation.

2. The method for collecting and processing residence time distribution measuring experiment data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the residence time distribution measuring experiment data collecting and processing method comprises the following steps:

firstly, a timer triggers an event at regular intervals, the event executes the data acquisition instruction sent to a serial port, and then the data return is waited;

secondly, after the data is returned, the event is triggered again, and the event receives the original data; displaying the received experimental data in a status bar;

step three, drawing the collected experimental data in a conductivity curve and a temperature curve;

fourthly, stopping collecting the experimental data by the timer, and storing the collected experimental data in an Excel document;

fifthly, processing the stored experimental data;

and sixthly, displaying the processing result of the experimental data, and exporting and storing the experimental data.

3. The method for collecting and processing residence time distribution measurement experiment data as set forth in claim 2, wherein the first step is preceded by:

before experimental data are collected, inputting an experimental number in a text box, and setting an experimental data collection interval; inputting a fluid flow value and a stirring rotating speed value according to experimental conditions, and emptying all data which are not stored;

the experimental timing was then zeroed and the timer-initiated event interval was set to 1000 milliseconds, and then the timer was started.

4. The residence time distribution measuring experiment data collecting and processing method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fifth step, the processing method of the stored experiment data includes:

ΔN＝C(t)vΔt；

(2) definition of

Then there is

dN＝vC(t)dt；

Then, integration is carried out to obtain

The volume flow rate v is constant and is defined as E (t)

The E curve is the C curve divided by the area under the C curve.

5. An information data processing terminal for realizing the residence time distribution measuring experiment data acquisition and processing method of any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the residence time distribution determination experimental data collection and processing method of any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A residence time distribution determination experiment data acquisition and processing system is characterized in that the system function module comprises:

8. The residence time distribution measuring experiment data collecting and processing system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the data collecting module comprises a data preprocessing unit, a timing starting unit, a data collecting unit, a data receiving unit, a data display unit, a data storing unit, a curve drawing unit;

9. The residence time distribution measuring experiment data collecting and processing system as claimed in claim 7, wherein said data processing module comprises a data importing unit, a data processing unit, a result displaying unit, a result storing unit;

the data processing unit is used for processing the imported experimental data;

10. The utility model provides a dwell time distribution survey experiment data acquisition and processing apparatus which characterized in that, dwell time distribution survey experiment data acquisition and processing apparatus includes: the device comprises a stirring motor, a conductivity display instrument, a temperature display instrument, a rotor flow meter, a water pump and a water tank;