CN110728742B - Three-dimensional scene animation rendering indirect illumination interframe multiplexing method based on visual importance - Google Patents
Three-dimensional scene animation rendering indirect illumination interframe multiplexing method based on visual importance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an indirect illumination interframe multiplexing method for three-dimensional scene animation rendering based on visual importance. When calculating the indirect illumination of a certain pixel of the current frame picture, firstly estimating whether the ratio of the indirect illumination to the direct illumination is greater than a specific threshold, if so, indicating that the indirect illumination is more important to the direct illumination visually, therefore, the indirect illumination result is obtained by recalculating the indirect illumination, otherwise, the indirect illumination of the previous frame is directly multiplexed. When the method is used for the interframe multiplexing of indirect illumination, the visual importance of indirect illumination photography on direct illumination is considered, and the indirect illumination error caused by interframe multiplexing can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional scene picture rendering, and relates to an indirect illumination interframe multiplexing method for three-dimensional scene animation rendering based on visual importance.
Background
Three-dimensional scene rendering is a key technology in movie and television special effect making and virtual reality application. Improving the rendering efficiency of three-dimensional scenes is always a research focus of people. For three-dimensional scene animation rendering, obvious time correlation exists between two continuous frames of pictures, and certain calculation results of the previous frame can be multiplexed in the next frame, so that the rendering calculation overhead can be saved. In three-dimensional scene rendering, the key to generating a realistic three-dimensional scene picture is to compute the global illumination of the three-dimensional scene. Global illumination can be seen as the sum of direct illumination and indirect illumination. From the perspective of visual perception of human eyes, for a certain three-dimensional scene picture pixel, if the corresponding direct illumination value is much larger than the corresponding indirect illumination value, human eyes may not be aware of the visual effect generated by indirect illumination, in other words, the visual importance of the indirect illumination corresponding to the pixel is very low at this time. The indirect illumination computation overhead is typically much larger than the direct illumination computation overhead. While direct illumination generally has a significant impact on the accuracy of visual perception. Therefore, the present invention proposes that the direct illumination of each frame of the picture is recalculated, but the indirect illumination is multiplexed into the previous and subsequent frames, as shown in fig. 1. When calculating the indirect illumination of a certain pixel of the current frame picture, firstly estimating whether the ratio of the indirect illumination to the direct illumination is greater than a specific threshold, if so, indicating that the indirect illumination is more important to the direct illumination visually, therefore, the indirect illumination result is obtained by recalculating the indirect illumination, otherwise, the indirect illumination of the previous frame is directly multiplexed. When the ratio of indirect illumination to direct illumination is estimated, an indirect illumination estimation value of a pixel of a current frame picture is obtained by searching indirect illumination of a corresponding pixel of a previous frame picture. If a certain pixel of the current frame picture cannot find a corresponding pixel in the previous frame picture, the indirect illumination of the pixel of the current frame picture is also recalculated.
In three-dimensional scene rendering, the various colors are represented by red, green and blue triplets, so that the illumination value actually contains three components of red, green and blue. Ray Casting (Ray Casting) is a common technique for rendering a three-dimensional scene. Chapter 15 of Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice,3rd Edition, published 2014 by Addison-Wesley, Inc., written by J.F. Hughes et al, introduces a light projection technique that can be used to compute direct-lit pictures of three-dimensional scenes. Chapter 32 of Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice,3rd Edition, issued in 2014 by Addison-Wesley, et al, written by j.f. hughes et al, introduces a specific implementation method of path tracking. In the path tracking, for a light transmission path from a viewpoint and passing through a pixel on a virtual pixel plane of a virtual camera, if the illumination contribution scattered at the first intersection point of the light transmission path and a geometric patch of the three-dimensional scene and directly coming from a light source is not calculated, the finally obtained illumination reaching the viewpoint through the light transmission path is an indirect illumination sampling value. In path tracking, a final indirect illumination result of a pixel may be obtained by averaging a plurality of indirect illumination sample values corresponding to the pixel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional scene animation rendering indirect illumination interframe multiplexing method based on visual importance, which realizes interframe multiplexing on an indirect illumination calculation result based on the visual importance in three-dimensional scene animation rendering so as to determine whether to multiplex an indirect illumination result of a previous frame according to the visual importance and ensure the indirect illumination precision.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the method comprises the following implementation steps:
step 101: calculating a 1 st frame direct illumination picture of the three-dimensional scene animation by using a light projection technology, and calculating a 1 st frame indirect illumination picture of the three-dimensional scene animation by using a path tracking technology; when a 1 st frame of direct lighting picture of a three-dimensional scene animation is calculated by utilizing a light projection technology, recording the position and normal vector of a visual field sight spot corresponding to each pixel on a virtual pixel plane of a virtual camera corresponding to the 1 st frame picture; the visual scene point is an intersection point which is closest to a viewpoint and is emitted from the viewpoint of the virtual camera and passes through a light ray of a pixel on a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera, and the visual scene point corresponds to the pixel on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera one by one; the direct illumination picture is a two-dimensional array, and each element of the array stores a direct illumination value corresponding to a pixel on a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera; the indirect illumination picture is a two-dimensional array, and each element of the array stores an indirect illumination value corresponding to a pixel on a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera; the two-dimensional array corresponding to the direct illumination picture and the two-dimensional array corresponding to the indirect illumination picture have the same row number and the same column number; the number of lines of the two-dimensional array corresponding to the direct illumination picture is equal to the number of pixel lines on a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera, and the number of columns of the two-dimensional array corresponding to the direct illumination picture is equal to the number of pixel columns on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera;
step 102: let the frame number n F ＝2；
Step 103: calculating the nth of three-dimensional scene animation by utilizing ray casting technology F The frame is directly illuminated to the picture,during this process, the nth F The position and normal vector of a visual field sight spot corresponding to each pixel on a virtual pixel plane of a virtual camera corresponding to a frame picture; in the memory of the computer, the nth is created F -1 a copy of the frame-wise illuminated picture as the n-th frame F Connecting the initial values of the illumination pictures among the frames;
step 104: for the n-th F The operation of the visible scene point a001 corresponding to each pixel on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the frame picture is as follows:
step 104-1: let the line number of the pixel on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the visual scene point A001 be n r Let the column number of the pixel on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the visual scene point A001 be n c (ii) a Judging whether the position of the visible scene point A001 is at the nth position F 1 frame picture corresponding to the virtual camera within the field of view, if yes, firstly calculating the position of the visual field point A001 to project to the nth view point in a perspective projection mode F 1, the pixel line number nRow and the pixel column number nCol corresponding to the rectangular grid of pixels falling on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the frame of picture, then go to Step104-2, otherwise go to Step 104-4;
step 104-2: let d 1 Equal to the position from the visual scene point A001 to the nth F -distance of the position of the visual scene point a002 corresponding to the nRow row and nCol column pixels on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to 1 frame picture, let α 1 Normal vector equal to visual scene point A001 and nth F An included angle of a normal vector of a visual scene point A002 corresponding to an nRow line and an nCol column pixel on a virtual pixel plane of a virtual camera corresponding to 1 frame of picture; if d is 1 ≤d th And alpha is 1 ≤α th If not, turning to Step104-3, otherwise, turning to Step 104-4;
step 104-3: let vInd be n F -1 indirect lighting value held by the nRow row, nCol column elements of the frame-to-frame lighting picture; if vInd is compared with the nth F Frame direct illumination nth of picture r Line, n-th c The ratio of the direct illumination values stored by the row elements is largeIn I th If not, turning to Step104-4, otherwise, turning to Step 104-5;
step 104-4: calculating the nth of three-dimensional scene animation by utilizing path tracking technology F The nth pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the frame r Line, n-th c Indirect illumination value B001 of column pixel, and (n) th F Nth of indirect-frame illumination picture r Line, n-th c Assigning the column element as an indirect illumination value B001; turning to Step 104-6;
step 104-5: n th of the handle F Nth of frame-by-frame illumination picture r Line, n-th c The column element is assigned the nth value F -1 frame-by-frame value held by the nRow row, nCol column elements of the lighting picture;
step 104-6: ending the operation for the view-able scenery A001;
step 105: n th of the handle F Frame direct illumination picture and nth F The frames are added together to obtain the nth F Frame global illumination picture, frame n F Converting the frame global illumination picture into an image file and storing the image file on a computer hard disk;
step 106: let n be F ＝n F +1, if n F ≤N F And turning to Step103, otherwise, ending the rendering of the three-dimensional scene animation.
In three-dimensional scene rendering, the illumination value contains three components, red, green, and blue. In Step104-3, vInd and nth F Frame direct illumination of the nth of a picture r Line, n-th c The ratio of the direct illumination values held by the column elements is equal to (gamma) 1 2 +γ 2 2 +γ 3 2 ) 1/2 Wherein γ is 1 Red component equal to vInd and nth F Frame direct illumination nth of picture r Line, n-th c Ratio of red components, gamma, of direct illumination values held by column elements 2 Green component equal to vInd and nth F Frame direct illumination nth of picture r Line, n-th c Ratio of green components of direct illumination values, gamma, held by column elements 3 Blue component equal to vInd and nth F Frame direct illumination nth of picture r Line, n-th c The column element holds the ratio of the blue components of the direct illumination values. In Step104-2, d th Represents a distance threshold value, α th Representing the angle threshold. In Step104-3, I th Indicating a proportional threshold. In Step106, N F Representing the number of animation frames to be rendered.
The invention has the positive effects that: when the interframe multiplexing of indirect illumination is carried out, the visual importance of indirect illumination to direct illumination is considered; when the visual importance of the indirect illumination estimated value of a certain pixel relative to the direct illumination is smaller than a specific threshold value, the pixel of the current frame can multiplex the indirect illumination of the previous frame, otherwise, the pixel of the current frame needs to recalculate the indirect illumination. The method can reduce indirect illumination errors caused by interframe multiplexing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of indirect lighting interframe multiplexing in three-dimensional scene animation rendering based on visual importance.
Detailed Description
In order that the features and advantages of the method may be more clearly understood, the method is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. In this embodiment, consider the following three-dimensional scene of a room: a desk and a chair are placed in a room, a circular surface light source is arranged on the ceiling of the room and irradiates downwards, the surfaces of all geometric objects in a three-dimensional scene are diffuse reflection surfaces, and a virtual camera moves in the three-dimensional scene along with time so as to form an animation effect. The CPU of the computer system selects Intel (R) Xeon (R) CPU E3-1225 v3@3.20GHz, the memory selects Jinshiton 8GB DDR 31333, and the hard disk selects Buffalo HD-CE 1.5TU 2; windows 7 is selected as the computer operating system, and VC + +2010 is selected as the software programming tool.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the method comprises the following implementation steps:
step 101: calculating a 1 st frame direct illumination picture of the three-dimensional scene animation by using a ray projection technology, and calculating a 1 st frame indirect illumination picture of the three-dimensional scene animation by using a path tracking technology; when a 1 st frame of direct lighting picture of a three-dimensional scene animation is calculated by utilizing a light projection technology, recording the position and normal vector of a visual field sight spot corresponding to each pixel on a virtual pixel plane of a virtual camera corresponding to the 1 st frame picture; the visual scene point is an intersection point which is closest to the viewpoint and is emitted from the viewpoint of the virtual camera and passes through the light of the pixels on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera, and the visual scene point corresponds to the pixels on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera one by one; the direct illumination picture is a two-dimensional array, and each element of the array stores a direct illumination value corresponding to a pixel on a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera; the indirect illumination picture is a two-dimensional array, and each element of the array stores an indirect illumination value corresponding to a pixel on a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera; the two-dimensional array corresponding to the direct illumination picture and the two-dimensional array corresponding to the indirect illumination picture have the same row number and the same column number; the number of lines of the two-dimensional array corresponding to the direct illumination picture is equal to the number of pixel lines on a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera, and the number of columns of the two-dimensional array corresponding to the direct illumination picture is equal to the number of pixel columns on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera;
step 102: let the frame number n F ＝2；
Step 103: computing nth of three-dimensional scene animation by ray casting technology F Frame direct illumination of the picture, during which the nth F The position and normal vector of a visual field sight spot corresponding to each pixel on a virtual pixel plane of a virtual camera corresponding to a frame picture; in the memory of the computer, the nth is created F -1 a copy of the frame-wise illuminated picture as the n-th frame F Connecting the initial values of the illumination pictures among the frames;
step 104: for the n-th F The operation of the visible scene point a001 corresponding to each pixel on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the frame picture is as follows:
step 104-1: let the line number of the pixel on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the visual scene point A001 be n r Let the virtual camera corresponding to the visual scene point A001The column number of the pixel on the pixel plane is n c (ii) a Judging whether the position of the visual scene point A001 is at the nth position or not F 1 frame picture corresponding to the virtual camera within the field of view, if yes, firstly calculating the position of the visual field point A001 to project to the nth view point in a perspective projection mode F 1, the pixel line number nRow and the pixel column number nCol corresponding to the rectangular grid of pixels falling on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the frame of picture, then go to Step104-2, otherwise go to Step 104-4;
step 104-2: let d be 1 Equal to the distance from the position of the visual scene point A001 to the nth F -distance of the position of the visual scene point a002 corresponding to the nRow row and nCol column pixels on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to 1 frame picture, let α 1 Normal vector equal to visual scene point A001 and nth F The included angle of the normal vector of the visual scene point A002 corresponding to the nRow line and nCol column pixels on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to 1 frame picture; if d is 1 ≤d th And alpha is 1 ≤α th If not, turning to Step104-3, otherwise, turning to Step 104-4;
step 104-3: let vInd be n F -1 indirect lighting value held by the nRow row, nCol column elements of the frame-to-frame lighting picture; if vInd is compared with the n-th F Frame direct illumination of the nth of a picture r Line, n-th c The ratio of the direct illumination values stored by the row elements is greater than I th If not, turning to Step104-4, otherwise, turning to Step 104-5;
step 104-4: computing nth of three-dimensional scene animation using path tracking technology F The nth pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the frame r Line, n-th c Indirect illumination value B001 of column pixel, and (n) th F Nth of indirect-frame illumination picture r Line, n-th c Assigning the column element as an indirect illumination value B001; turning to Step 104-6;
step 104-5: n is processed F Nth of indirect-frame illumination picture r Line, n-th c The column element is assigned the nth value F -1 frame-wise value held by the nRow row, nCol column element of the lighting picture;
step 104-6: ending the operation aiming at the view-possible scenery spot A001;
step 105: n th of the handle F Frame direct illumination picture and nth F The inter-frame connected illumination pictures are added together to obtain the nth F Frame global illumination picture, frame n F Converting the frame global illumination picture into an image file and storing the image file on a computer hard disk;
step 106: let n be F ＝n F +1 if n F ≤N F And turning to Step103, otherwise, ending the rendering of the three-dimensional scene animation.
In Step105, the nth Step F Frame direct illumination picture and nth F The frames are added together by the illumination, referred to as the nth frame F The ith row, jth column element and nth of frame direct lighting picture F Adding the ith row and jth column elements of the frame indirect illumination picture, wherein i is 1,2 and …, and M, j is 1,2, … and N; m denotes a number of pixel rows on a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera, and N denotes a number of pixel columns on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera; on a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera, each pixel corresponds to one rectangular grid, and the rectangular grids corresponding to all the pixels form a virtual imaging area of the virtual camera. Each scene point in front of the virtual camera is projected onto a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera in a perspective projection mode, and the projection point of the scene point either falls within a rectangular grid corresponding to a certain pixel or is outside a virtual imaging area of the virtual camera (at the moment, the scene point cannot be presented in a three-dimensional scene picture generated by rendering). A certain scene point is projected onto a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera in a perspective projection mode, and if the projection point of the certain scene point is located in a virtual imaging area of the virtual camera, the certain scene point is called to be in a field of view range of the virtual camera.
In this embodiment, d th Equal to one fifth hundredth of the radius of a bounding sphere, alpha, that just wraps around the geometric object of the table th Pi/180 radians, I th ＝0.1，N F ＝10。
Claims (1)
1. A three-dimensional scene animation rendering indirect illumination interframe multiplexing method based on visual importance is characterized in that: the method comprises the following implementation steps:
step 101: calculating a 1 st frame direct illumination picture of the three-dimensional scene animation by using a light projection technology, and calculating a 1 st frame indirect illumination picture of the three-dimensional scene animation by using a path tracking technology; when a 1 st frame of direct lighting picture of a three-dimensional scene animation is calculated by utilizing a light projection technology, recording the position and normal vector of a visual field sight spot corresponding to each pixel on a virtual pixel plane of a virtual camera corresponding to the 1 st frame picture; the visual scene point is an intersection point which is closest to a viewpoint and is emitted from the viewpoint of the virtual camera and passes through a light ray of a pixel on a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera, and the visual scene point corresponds to the pixel on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera one by one; the direct illumination picture is a two-dimensional array, and each element of the array stores a direct illumination value corresponding to a pixel on a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera; the indirect illumination picture is a two-dimensional array, and each element of the array stores an indirect illumination value corresponding to a pixel on a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera; the two-dimensional array corresponding to the direct illumination picture and the two-dimensional array corresponding to the indirect illumination picture have the same row number and the same column number; the number of rows of the two-dimensional array corresponding to the direct illumination picture is equal to the number of pixel rows on a virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera, and the number of columns of the two-dimensional array corresponding to the direct illumination picture is equal to the number of pixel columns on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera;
step 102: let the frame number n F ＝2；
Step 103: computing nth of three-dimensional scene animation by ray casting technology F Frame direct illumination of the picture, during which the nth F The position and normal vector of each visual field sight spot corresponding to each pixel on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the frame picture; in the memory of the computer, the nth is created F -1 a copy of the frame-wise illuminated picture as the n-th frame F Connecting the initial values of the illumination pictures between frames;
step 104: for the n-th F Each image on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the frame pictureThe visible scene point a001 corresponding to the element is operated as follows:
step 104-1: let the line number of the pixel on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the visual scene point A001 be n r Let the column number of the pixel on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the visual scene point A001 be n c (ii) a Judging whether the position of the visual scene point A001 is at the nth position or not F 1 frame picture corresponding to the virtual camera within the field of view, if yes, firstly calculating the position of the visual field point A001 to project to the nth view point in a perspective projection mode F 1, the pixel line number nRow and the pixel column number nCol corresponding to the rectangular grid of pixels falling on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the frame of picture, then go to Step104-2, otherwise go to Step 104-4;
step 104-2: let d be 1 Equal to the position from the visual scene point A001 to the nth F -distance of the position of the visual scene point a002 corresponding to the nRow row and nCol column pixels on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to 1 frame picture, let α 1 Normal vector equal to visual scene point A001 and nth F The included angle of the normal vector of the visual scene point A002 corresponding to the nRow line and nCol column pixels on the virtual pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to 1 frame picture; if d is 1 ≤d th And alpha is 1 ≤α th If not, turning to Step104-3, otherwise, turning to Step 104-4;
step 104-3: let vInd be n F -1 indirect lighting value held by the nRow row, nCol column elements of the frame-to-frame lighting picture; if vInd is compared with the nth F Frame direct illumination of the nth of a picture r Line, n-th c The ratio of the direct illumination values stored by the row elements is greater than I th If not, turning to Step104-4, otherwise, turning to Step 104-5;
step 104-4: computing nth of three-dimensional scene animation using path tracking technology F The nth pixel plane of the virtual camera corresponding to the frame r Line, n-th c Indirect illumination value B001 of column pixel, and (n) th F Nth of indirect-frame illumination picture r Line, n-th c Assigning the column elements to indirect illumination values B001; rotating stepStep 104-6;
step 104-5: n th of the handle F Nth of frame-by-frame illumination picture r Line, n-th c The column element is assigned the nth value F -1 frame-by-frame value held by the nRow row, nCol column elements of the lighting picture;
step 104-6: ending the operation for the view-able scenery A001;
step 105: n th of the handle F Frame direct illumination picture and nth F The inter-frame connected illumination pictures are added together to obtain the nth F Frame global illumination picture, frame n F Converting the frame global illumination picture into an image file and storing the image file on a computer hard disk;
step 106: let n be F ＝n F +1, if n F ≤N F Turning to Step103, otherwise, ending the rendering of the three-dimensional scene animation;
in Step104-3, vInd and nth F Frame direct illumination of the nth of a picture r Line, n-th c The ratio of the direct illumination values held by the column elements is equal to (gamma) 1 2 +γ 2 2 +γ 3 2 ) 1/2 Wherein γ is 1 Red component equal to vInd and nth F Frame direct illumination of the nth of a picture r Line, n-th c Ratio of red components, gamma, of direct illumination values held by column elements 2 Green component equal to vInd and nth F Frame direct illumination of the nth of a picture r Line, n-th c Ratio of green components of direct illumination values, gamma, held by column elements 3 Blue component equal to vInd and nth F Frame direct illumination of the nth of a picture r Line, n-th c The column elements hold the ratio of the blue components of the direct illumination values.
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